Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2997 63386 63381 2026-07-17T12:37:04Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 81oty6fhux7kgup38fauzglmqeqjhif 63387 63386 2026-07-17T12:38:15Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.[1][2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 7s84jiiofi4d1gaa03nmby2wr9mtpxp 63389 63387 2026-07-17T12:39:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] jsfd286wou6k0kzrta6o116l4qobmcl 63390 63389 2026-07-17T12:40:34Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'obutereevu okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] i50jayt0wnxhjo8xzp5qi68zxflc2ur 63391 63390 2026-07-17T12:41:56Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, abo abaali bavuganya nabo ku mutendera ogw'omu kitundu, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Deesemba 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] nx41d08l9ovfxz5qwef03xxqkqnvfmg 63392 63391 2026-07-17T12:44:21Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwokubiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] p6b6icuk2vq581bnf3yeoum6l1v6hc4 63393 63392 2026-07-17T12:46:34Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'Ekikoloni yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.[1][2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] a8k23smc6kzxo6z49vnn5z28ef00fzb 63394 63393 2026-07-17T12:48:59Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] lsbw5pz19ae3bq3lsdh7ohdcytc49yz 63395 63394 2026-07-17T12:50:12Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya United Kingdom. Nga 12 Deesemba 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] omfrpw8mrnqzzgdwi1bf93ped7sp48m 63397 63395 2026-07-17T12:51:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. # Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya". == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] jklp4qfhxpn226guv0tjyjp4zhi13f8 63410 63397 2026-07-17T13:27:59Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 9cerzf90lvnuu5u0248vaw1t0wea07k 63411 63410 2026-07-17T13:29:56Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Okitobba 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.[1][2] Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.[3][4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 525jm7zo2xc6njnz7abfrh2ty8z7gp3 63412 63411 2026-07-17T13:31:46Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.[3][4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] n78lztmephwlew50yg0j1gngurd3ki2 63413 63412 2026-07-17T13:32:23Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] r31rnls66goa9mn8qsjfbqq6ao31syr 63415 63413 2026-07-17T13:34:40Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Deesemba 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Mu bufuzi bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 9bmbiruog0kcjk7m48wrg4s5vmnl8mj 63417 63415 2026-07-17T13:37:19Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] nqxsge29gf7fvihosgh6gb394b36tj2 63418 63417 2026-07-17T13:38:25Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne Coast Provinces kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] nkni32u4rorgf7tghh4ll0jegqom3cr 63420 63418 2026-07-17T13:39:49Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] lasd1eslqdg1v5d4n89mgybxh5rajkq 63422 63420 2026-07-17T13:41:52Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Ddesemba 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.[1] Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] mx0nc8i4nd4zav7jwy3kn0ztvtbrnco 63423 63422 2026-07-17T13:44:09Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 4y41ltr0na3czdtvh9nykgj66qqmteo 63424 63423 2026-07-17T13:47:19Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 3rp218yl405awm89uqssen5b38sbqq5 63426 63424 2026-07-17T13:50:28Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.[1] Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa. Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 4sd93aclhdx3akjf5qpg8d2xbr0xarn 63427 63426 2026-07-17T13:52:01Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 4er4ktcgttzfum7pg526mz0t088x1jw 63428 63427 2026-07-17T13:52:44Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 63428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] kqfmqew7b076d1s7yy7qs1zpc8c2l2g 63460 63428 2026-07-17T18:55:37Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, ng'addukanya nga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] ctxlm6f6pztnffg1n6bdbpfwuwc3iba 63461 63460 2026-07-17T18:56:45Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 2p9mlm2dxex06aoyjo10cheivapn8xv 63462 63461 2026-07-17T18:57:42Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] b1kgg5tseipt4g5503bgnw0oc7zusk0 63463 63462 2026-07-17T18:59:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] kyvpkkao9bonb6fe0i9jrbd7vwiruyu 63538 63463 2026-07-18T11:37:08Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye owa Somali omukugu. [1] Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—and later the regular police. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] bplz2gpvqa4ch3jisye6a4q1f4sawuz 63539 63538 2026-07-18T11:38:26Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali. [1] Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 8j0rclpv2xy5kqw4kmmlebrm9smnz6x 63540 63539 2026-07-18T11:38:55Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] azbpvmelqbu4uv3ro7ne9sj7ldlobhz 63541 63540 2026-07-18T11:40:14Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya geenyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Wajir County. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] s4mre6n0lry2wfzag1myvvmfv0imnha 63542 63541 2026-07-18T11:41:30Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] owknxke80voirl73dbjt8innijjjajr 63543 63542 2026-07-18T11:42:34Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 63543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya mlolongo (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] mi3h88u5lcwkulrvzm5snvlqo925uh0 63544 63543 2026-07-18T11:43:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 7ihwjjjxp9rk7jnzanp501bwg5e22p4 63545 63544 2026-07-18T11:44:31Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 63545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 62v57p1391d5zn3dck6sglf1ic7anjw 63546 63545 2026-07-18T11:47:15Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Handbook on Religious Liberty Around the World |publisher=The Rutherford Institute |editor-last=Moreno, Pedro C. |location=Charlottesville, VA |chapter=Kenya |chapter-url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629014936/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] op9hyk93bme5duyh7hptqfuhej8agij 63547 63546 2026-07-18T11:48:16Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu omutwe 63547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Handbook on Religious Liberty Around the World |publisher=The Rutherford Institute |editor-last=Moreno, Pedro C. |location=Charlottesville, VA |chapter=Kenya |chapter-url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629014936/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Okukyusa okudda mu demokulasiya ow'ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi.''' == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] dkk6mf9p8rv3qf6j3tdcst9mikij8rj 0 7325 63466 63178 2026-07-17T19:42:14Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzizeemu okuvvuunula ekiba ekisooka 63466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944) munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. 1944) is a Ugandan politician, and former rebel leader who has served as the president of Uganda since 1986. Museveni's government has long been widely considered to be dictatorial, with political parties being effectively banned from 1986 to 2005, and the use of political repression, lawfare and ballot stuffings to maintain power since the 2005 Ugandan multi-party referendum.{{efn|Multiple sources:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-02 |title=Yoweri Museveni Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/africa/yoweri-museveni-fast-facts |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexoncensorship.org/2026/01/when-the-saviour-becomes-the-monster-musevenis-40-year-rule/|title=When the saviour becomes the monster: Museveni's 40-year rule|first=Danson|last=Kahyana|date=23 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/feb/23/yoweri-museveni-uganda-dictator-anti-gay|title=Yoweri Museveni: a dictator with nothing left to promise Uganda|first=Patience|last=Akumu|date=23 February 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/03/23/a-dictator-and-his-entitled-son-are-holding-uganda-captive|title=A dictator and his entitled son are holding Uganda captive|via=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years/|title=Has Uganda held a fair and transparent election in the last 30 years?|date=22 June 2021|website=PesaCheck}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=Uganda: Post Election Assault on Political Opposition {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/01/28/uganda-post-election-assault-on-political-opposition |access-date=2026-04-12 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Museveni's son threatens Bobi Wine after Uganda election |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/1/20/musevenis-son-threatens-bobi-wine-after-uganda-election |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-18 |title=Military Courts: The front line of Uganda's war on dissent |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/04/military-courts-the-front-line-of-ugandas-war-on-dissent/ |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref>}} As of 2026, after ruling Uganda for more than 40 years, he is currently the third longest-serving non-royal leader in the world behind dictators Paul Biya and Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu [[:en:New_generation_of_African_leaders|ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa.]] Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency|Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu;]] n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] bzpchgd4phgwm3hhspm5uzs2lfqephr 63469 63466 2026-07-17T19:47:35Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nterezzezza mu kiba ekisooka 63469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944) munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu [[:en:New_generation_of_African_leaders|ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa.]] Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency|Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu;]] n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 6fx1pchv4lq5n7jochsc6wv5f20q9nk 63476 63469 2026-07-17T19:53:29Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu [[:en:New_generation_of_African_leaders|ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa.]] Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency|Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu;]] n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 0g89ncykaprynrtpm54rwe8zq1ki58g 63478 63476 2026-07-17T19:54:45Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu [[:en:New_generation_of_African_leaders|ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa.]] Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency|Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu;]] n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ie2likzqiiltcprlbp537bfi6dqo2o7 63479 63478 2026-07-17T19:56:26Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzigyemu obutindo 63479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency|Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu;]] n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 707x4vicgxluhy9md588u8v1fn3q9p4 63480 63479 2026-07-17T19:57:51Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzigyemu obutindo 63480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] mttafyl1d8pttplbx2y53qeige6vmbt 63492 63480 2026-07-17T21:18:42Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzivuunidde ekiba 63492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo, Uganda (mu kiseera ekyo yali wansi wa Bungereza), Museveni yasoma ebyobufuzi okuva ku University of Dar es Salaam nga eno gye yatandikira ekibiina kya University Students' African Revolutionary Front. In 1972, he joined the failed [[:en:1972_invasion_of_Uganda|invasion of Uganda]] against [[:en:Second_Republic_of_Uganda|Idi Amin's dictatorship]].The next year, Museveni established the [[:en:Front_for_National_Salvation|Front for National Salvation]] and fought alongside [[:en:Tanzania_People's_Defence_Force|Tanzanian forces]] in the [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Tanzania–Uganda War]], which overthrew Amin. Museveni contested the subsequent [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|1980 general election]] on the platform of [[:en:Uganda_Patriotic_Movement|Uganda Patriotic Movement]], though claimed [[:en:Electoral_fraud|electoral fraud]] after losing to the unpopular [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]]. Museveni unified the opposition under the [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] and started the [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|Ugandan Bush War]]. On 30 January 1986, after the decisive [[:en:Battle_of_Kampala|Battle of Kampala]], Museveni was sworn as president.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|title=Rebel Sworn In as Uganda President|author=Sheila Rule|date=30 January 1986|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=28 February 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307011144/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] a5qwv1vrj5pfc6f1unie34f6lraoufy 63493 63492 2026-07-17T21:21:02Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzivuunidde ekiba ne nteekamu n'ebijulizibwa 63493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo, Uganda (mu kiseera ekyo yali wansi wa Bungereza), Museveni yasoma ebyobufuzi okuva ku University of Dar es Salaam nga eno gye yatandikira ekibiina kya University Students' African Revolutionary Front. Mu 1972, yeegatta ku kibinja ekyagezaako okuvuunika gavumenti ya nnakyemalira Idi Amin naye ne kiremererwa. The next year, Museveni established the [[:en:Front_for_National_Salvation|Front for National Salvation]] and fought alongside [[:en:Tanzania_People's_Defence_Force|Tanzanian forces]] in the [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Tanzania–Uganda War]], which overthrew Amin. Museveni contested the subsequent [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|1980 general election]] on the platform of [[:en:Uganda_Patriotic_Movement|Uganda Patriotic Movement]], though claimed [[:en:Electoral_fraud|electoral fraud]] after losing to the unpopular [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]]. Museveni unified the opposition under the [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] and started the [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|Ugandan Bush War]]. On 30 January 1986, after the decisive [[:en:Battle_of_Kampala|Battle of Kampala]], Museveni was sworn as president.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|title=Rebel Sworn In as Uganda President|author=Sheila Rule|date=30 January 1986|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=28 February 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307011144/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 2fr7klwyd0wbcotc3rzfuteid6mp8w9 63494 63493 2026-07-17T21:26:33Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzivuunudde ne nteekamu n'obutindo 63494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo, Uganda (mu kiseera ekyo yali wansi wa Bungereza), Museveni yasoma ebyobufuzi okuva ku University of Dar es Salaam nga eno gye yatandikira ekibiina kya University Students' African Revolutionary Front. Mu 1972, yeegatta ku kibinja ekyagezaako okuvuunika gavumenti ya nnakyemalira Idi Amin naye ne kiremererwa. Mu mwaka ogwaddako, yatandikawo ekibiina kya Front for National Salvation ekyalwanira awano n'amagye ga [[Tanzania]] mu lutalo amagye ga Tanzania mwe gaalwanira n'aga Uganda, olwaggyako Amin. Museveni contested the subsequent [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|1980 general election]] on the platform of [[:en:Uganda_Patriotic_Movement|Uganda Patriotic Movement]], though claimed [[:en:Electoral_fraud|electoral fraud]] after losing to the unpopular [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]]. Museveni unified the opposition under the [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] and started the [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|Ugandan Bush War]]. On 30 January 1986, after the decisive [[:en:Battle_of_Kampala|Battle of Kampala]], Museveni was sworn as president.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|title=Rebel Sworn In as Uganda President|author=Sheila Rule|date=30 January 1986|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=28 February 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307011144/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 5odbw6k49lcyctb9iel5vouiotfyu6j 63495 63494 2026-07-17T21:30:28Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzivuunudde ne nteekamu n'obutindo 63495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo, Uganda (mu kiseera ekyo yali wansi wa Bungereza), Museveni yasoma ebyobufuzi okuva ku University of Dar es Salaam nga eno gye yatandikira ekibiina kya University Students' African Revolutionary Front. Mu 1972, yeegatta ku kibinja ekyagezaako okuvuunika gavumenti ya nnakyemalira Idi Amin naye ne kiremererwa. Mu mwaka ogwaddako, yatandikawo ekibiina kya Front for National Salvation ekyalwanira awano n'amagye ga [[Tanzania]] mu lutalo amagye ga Tanzania mwe gaalwanira n'aga Uganda, olwaggyako Amin. Mu mwaka ogwaddako ogwa 1980, Museveni yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka bonna ku kkaadi y'ekibiina kya Uganda Patriotic Movement, wadde nga yagamba nti akalulu kaali vvulugu mungi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa [[Milton Obote]]. Museveni unified the opposition under the [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] and started the [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|Ugandan Bush War]]. On 30 January 1986, after the decisive [[:en:Battle_of_Kampala|Battle of Kampala]], Museveni was sworn as president.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|title=Rebel Sworn In as Uganda President|author=Sheila Rule|date=30 January 1986|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=28 February 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307011144/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] r1b6dl7jputk3e1jj96qiriufawty1h 63496 63495 2026-07-17T21:39:30Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Nzivuunudde ne nteekamu n'obutindo 63496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo, Uganda (mu kiseera ekyo yali wansi wa Bungereza), Museveni yasoma ebyobufuzi okuva ku University of Dar es Salaam nga eno gye yatandikira ekibiina kya University Students' African Revolutionary Front. Mu 1972, yeegatta ku kibinja ekyagezaako okuvuunika gavumenti ya nnakyemalira Idi Amin naye ne kiremererwa. Mu mwaka ogwaddako, yatandikawo ekibiina kya Front for National Salvation ekyalwanira awano n'amagye ga [[Tanzania]] mu lutalo amagye ga Tanzania mwe gaalwanira n'aga Uganda, olwaggyako Amin. Mu mwaka ogwaddako ogwa 1980, Museveni yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka bonna ku kkaadi y'ekibiina kya Uganda Patriotic Movement, wadde nga yagamba nti akalulu kaali vvulugu mungi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa [[Milton Obote]]. Museveni oluvannyma yagatta abaali ku ludda oluvuganya wansi w'eggye lya National Resistance Army ne batandika olutalo lw'ekiyeekera. Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo olw'amaanyi mu Kampala, Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti nga 26 Ogwoluberyeberye 1986. Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ox3sbh7lusiy0vvqua55m7hq6nlqv5o 63498 63496 2026-07-17T21:48:05Z Ssenkungu ivan 3840 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 63498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Online |url=https://museveni.org/about/biography |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=museveni.org}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era eyaliko omuyeekera era abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986. Okumala ebbanga ddene gavumenti ya Museveni ebadde etwalibwa nga eya nnakyemalira nga n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byawerebwako okuva mu mwaka gwa 1986 okutuuka mu 2005, okutulugunya bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya, okuyisa olugaayu mu bitongole by'amateeka n'okwenyigira mu vvulugu mu biseera by'okulonda okusobola okwekuumira mu buyinza, oluvannyuma lw'akalulu k'ekikungo aka 2005 akaakomyawo okuvuganya kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. We tutuukidde mu 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 40 ng'afuga Uganda, Museveni waakusatu mu Bapulezidenti abatali beesimbu mu nsi yonna ng'ali mabega wa bannakyemalira; Paul Biya ne Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12 |title=Uganda's Yoweri Museveni sworn in for a seventh consecutive term after winning disputed elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqxp23272j3o |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo, Uganda (mu kiseera ekyo yali wansi wa Bungereza), Museveni yasoma ebyobufuzi okuva ku University of Dar es Salaam nga eno gye yatandikira ekibiina kya University Students' African Revolutionary Front. Mu 1972, yeegatta ku kibinja ekyagezaako okuvuunika gavumenti ya nnakyemalira Idi Amin naye ne kiremererwa. Mu mwaka ogwaddako, yatandikawo ekibiina kya Front for National Salvation ekyalwanira awano n'amagye ga [[Tanzania]] mu lutalo amagye ga Tanzania mwe gaalwanira n'aga Uganda, olwaggyako Amin. Mu mwaka ogwaddako ogwa 1980, Museveni yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka bonna ku kkaadi y'ekibiina kya Uganda Patriotic Movement, wadde nga yagamba nti akalulu kaali vvulugu mungi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa [[Milton Obote]]. Museveni oluvannyma yagatta abaali ku ludda oluvuganya wansi w'eggye lya National Resistance Army ne batandika olutalo lw'ekiyeekera. Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo olw'amaanyi mu Kampala, Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti nga 26 Ogwoluberyeberye 1986.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|title=Rebel Sworn In as Uganda President|author=Sheila Rule|date=30 January 1986|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=28 February 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307011144/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e [[Rwanda]], n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017. Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9</ref> Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.<ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&</ref> Tewabangawo kulonda mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|Uganda]] mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).<ref>https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/</ref> Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e [[Rukungiri]]. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole). Okusinziira ku [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]] mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni. Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e [[:en:Ntungamo|Ntungamo]], mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, [[:en:Mbarara_High_School|Mbarara High School]], ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu [[Tanzania]] ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya [[:en:University_Students'_African_Revolutionary_Front|University Students' African Revolutionary Front]] nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]], n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya [[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Frantz Fanon]] mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa. == Omukululo gwe == === 1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin ===   Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e [[Tanzania]] mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18</ref> Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kainembabazi]].<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda ne Tanzania.]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ</ref> === 1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera ===   ==== Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusufu_Lule|Yusufu Lule, ekya]] Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml</ref> Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.<ref>http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml</ref> Ekitongole ekikessi ekya [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]] nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya ''World Factbook'' kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985 ====   Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322</ref> Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu [[Kampala]], okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref>  ==== Olutalo lw'e Kampala ====   Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times</ref> === Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996 === [[File:ReaganMuseveni.jpg|thumb|Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987]] ==== Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna ==== Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm</ref> ==== Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga ====   NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html</ref> Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, [[Moses Ali]], yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415</ref> [[File:80th_Anniversary_Kim_Il-Sung.jpg|thumb|Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992]] Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910160452/http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "T''he Human Rights Record 1986–1989"''. Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA</ref> Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko [[:en:Inspector_General_of_Police|ssenkulu wa Poliisi]] wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury|United States Department of the Treasury]] olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa [[:en:Martin_Okoth_Ochola|Martin Okoth Ochola]]. === Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001) === ==== Okulonda ==== Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]] ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]], eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC</ref> Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101</ref> Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]]. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180</ref> Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends</ref> Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu]] nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Benjamin Odoki]] n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706015048/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Elections/-/2787154/861074/-/item/2/-/6ngvlz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna ==== Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'[[Organisation of African Unity|ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992. Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050317144306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20225952~menuPK%3A473833~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A217854~theSitePK%3A374864%2C00.html</ref> Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala [[Specioza Kazibwe]], ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118231702/http://www.wougnet.org/Documents/gender_politicalparties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:New_York_Times|Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "''New York Times'']]''" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu'' 1997.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81</ref><blockquote>Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni [[:en:Otto_von_Bismarck|Bismarck]] wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]].</blockquote>Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.<ref>https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref> ==== Akakuubagano k'ekitundu ====   Oluvannyuma lw'[[:en:Rwandan_genocide|ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa]] 1994, gavumenti ya [[Rwanda|Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n]]'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: 267–268  Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305153031/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=78408&jid=MOA&volumeId=39&issueId=02&aid=78407 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.<ref>http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1</ref> Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, [[:en:International_Court_of_Justice|Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka]] yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2001 elections ==== Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. ''Bodaboda'' okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html</ref> ==== Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka. ==== [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003]] Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko. Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza: : Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye. Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali [[:en:Wafula_Oguttu|Wafula Oguttu]], Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2005-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101065818/http://www.theperspective.org/africabigmen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ''[[:en:Boston_Globe|Boston Globe]]'' mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo [[Zimbabwe]] endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, [[Noowe|Norway]] yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda</ref> Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch</ref> Alipoota ya [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi]] yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022</ref> "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm</ref> Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters</ref> ==== Okufa kwa John Garang ==== Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior</ref> Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm</ref> Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> === Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006 ===   Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba. Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "[[:en:Black_Mamba_(group)|Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad]]"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid</ref> Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm</ref> Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.<ref>https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059</ref> Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011) === Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]]. Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.<ref>http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821</ref> ==== Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 ==== Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi]], Kabaka wa [[Buganda]], olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Kayunga]] . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda</ref> ==== Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki ==== Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516</ref> ==== Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga ==== Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/</ref> Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa ''The Guardian'' lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "[[:en:Homosexual_agenda|Abali b'ebisiya]] okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa [[Bobi Wine]] yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.<ref>https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016) ===   [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Yoweri_Museveni.jpg|thumb|225x225px|[[Vladimir Putin]] ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012]] Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220</ref> Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/</ref> Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025</ref> [[File:Yoweri_Museveni_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014]] Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|The Daily Monitor]]" ne'' "''The Red Pepper"'', zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera</ref> Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1</ref> === Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021) === ==== Okulonda kwa 2016 ==== Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html</ref> ==== Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018. ==== [[File:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(44526034314).jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018]] Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203000/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005. ==== Okuwakanya ebbago ==== Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114602/http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2018-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202938/http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya ==== [[File:President_Museveni_of_Uganda,_speaking_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit,_London,_20_January_2020_20200120134339_GMCB9543_(49415272631).jpg|left|thumb|Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020 ]] Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048</ref> Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/</ref> === Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–) === Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]], ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election</ref> Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un</ref> Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda. Mufumbo ne ne [[Janet Museveni|Janet Kataaha Museveni]], ''née'' Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban: * Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref> mu UPDF<ref>https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting</ref> * Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, [[Kampala]]. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Ebitiibwa n'engule == === Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga === *  Cuba ** [[File:Order_of_Playa_Girón_(ribbon_bar).png|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_Playa_Girón|Order of Playa Girón]]<ref>http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html</ref> *  Kenya ** [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|70x70px]] [[:en:Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc</ref> *  Serbia ** [[File:Orden_Republike_Srbije_2.gif|70x70px]] [[:en:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia|Order of the Republic of Serbia]], Second Class *  South Africa ** [[File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order_of_Good_Hope|Order of Good Hop]]<nowiki/>e<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm</ref> === Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye === {| class="wikitable" !Ssettendekero !Eggwanga !Ebitiibwa ! style="width:60px;" |Omwaka |- |Humphrey School of Public Affairs |United States |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |1994 |- |Mbarara University of Science and Technology |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2003 |- |Latin University of Theology |United States |Doctor of Divinity | style="text-align:center;" |2007 |- |Fatih University |Turkey |Honorary degree | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] |Uganda |Doctor of Laws | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |- |University of Dar es Salaam |Tanzania |Doctor of Literature | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |} == Labe ne ==   * Political parties of Uganda * Politics of Uganda * Tokyo International Conference on African Development * History of Uganda (1979–present) * Uganda Salvation Front * Henry Tumukunde == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Okwongera okusoma == === Ebitabo ===    * Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote * Official website * [http://www.statehouse.go.ug/ State House Official Website] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Tito Okello]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1986–present}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lawrence Gonzi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office|Chairperson of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2007–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick Manning]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 0w44094rejt55ekqqxo9746rgkkr247 0 7836 63431 61523 2026-07-17T15:04:34Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okwegomba kw’eby'obufuzi */ 63431 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == In 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 4nhsuink3znva49bupxynvbr92yr6g0 63432 63431 2026-07-17T15:05:09Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Emirimu */ 63432 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == In 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] isg6aa0aipod8ynidxydkfwbk8dvafk 63433 63432 2026-07-17T15:10:08Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. In 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] hsq9e7m5laanp1frynpute2j9x9x98u 63434 63433 2026-07-17T15:31:27Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]]. In 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] hm7vmzf11ig8kf4zfqh64qt1iu22ny0 63435 63434 2026-07-17T15:32:28Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP). In 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 4ru29kpiitjkfi0xfjjxj9n3l8fqpog 63438 63435 2026-07-17T15:40:56Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. In 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 5n8v1cu1ce8t7thiszb1l8uw2otfelq 63441 63438 2026-07-17T15:47:03Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. In 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 1808lafb25k9zzxerkxq5xvskzux9l6 63442 63441 2026-07-17T15:47:48Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalaga okwagala kwe okwesimbawo okuvugany ku kifo ky'omubaka Omukyala ow'ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] d93lpk6c7qagdh3xuvmbczj04ray1sb 63448 63442 2026-07-17T17:12:18Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu 2021 mu kulonda kwa Palamenti okwa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] avb1a70nilc4rqw39fjaxq3aq8hijfs 63449 63448 2026-07-17T17:24:06Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Wano, yasobola okuvuganya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Era wano yamuwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 4wzx25v5tt88w8uzr7yu3petj9jqty0 63451 63449 2026-07-17T17:58:14Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi */ 63451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kino kyamuteeka buterevu mu lwokaano ,vvaawo mpitewo n'akanyoola bikya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Ekifo yakiwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] lyjwrvl6j622dwpp811jhvqoevs3lox 63452 63451 2026-07-17T18:02:09Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 63452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kino kyamuteeka buterevu mu lwokaano ,vvaawo mpitewo n'akanyoola bikya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Ekifo yakiwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Makerere]] 1d2mrk6klycyttmpnobopmo7wirj0ty 63454 63452 2026-07-17T18:03:44Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 63454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kino kyamuteeka buterevu mu lwokaano ,vvaawo mpitewo n'akanyoola bikya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Ekifo yakiwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] k5yecgqwal8ao2ssf1yc22pfs1dfyhs 63455 63454 2026-07-17T18:05:54Z Ssebuufu 9882 63455 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kino kyamuteeka buterevu mu lwokaano ,vvaawo mpitewo n'akanyoola bikya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Ekifo yakiwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Bammemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] efzsdcu7ehe5m1qpinh4lwe9tjc8t73 63456 63455 2026-07-17T18:07:22Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 63456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kino kyamuteeka buterevu mu lwokaano ,vvaawo mpitewo n'akanyoola bikya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Ekifo yakiwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Bammemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] njohsevc8rr4ro9snlz3mi74vqr6bvk 63457 63456 2026-07-17T18:08:43Z Ssebuufu 9882 63457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kino kyamuteeka buterevu mu lwokaano ,vvaawo mpitewo n'akanyoola bikya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Ekifo yakiwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Bammemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1986]] rdod9m4tj52a407uia0fiwn0kmo9f0w 63458 63457 2026-07-17T18:11:34Z Ssebuufu 9882 63458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|thumb|Malende Shamim (2021)]] '''Shamim Malende''' (yazaalibwa 1986), munnamateeka [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], kaminsona w’ebirayiro, notary public, munnabyabufuzi era mulwanirizi wa bantu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement ne mu [[National Unity Platform|kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu y’abalamuzi eya [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021]] yalondebwa mu Palamenti ng’omubaka w’abakyala mu [[Kampala|Disitulikiti y’e Kampala]] mu kisanja kya 2021-2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=2 February 2021 |title=What next for Dr Stella Nyanzi after losing Kampala Woman MP race? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/what-next-for-dr-stella-nyanzi-after-losing-kampala-woman-mp-race--3277006 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma == Malende yazaalibwa [[:en:Kawempe|Kawempe]], [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 1986, eri Alhajj Jamal Ahmed Sebuta Malende, [[:en:Attorney_at_law|munnamateeka]], ne Jane Francis Nasunna, [[:en:School_teacher|omusomesa w’essomero]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yasomera mu Busaale Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kayunga]] . Yamaliriza emisomo gye egya O-Level mu Buziga Islamic Theological Institute e Bbunga, okuliraana Makindye Division, Kampala. Oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n’atwaliba mu Aisha Girls High School mu kibuga [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|bbendobendo lyo'bugwanjuba]] erya Uganda. Yatikkirwa ng’omuyizi asinga mu bbendobendo ly'obugwanjuba era yali mu baana ekkumi abasinga mu ggwanga oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obubonero bwa AAAA mu bigezo bye ebya A-Level mu 2000. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivaasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde mu Uganda era esinga obunene, ng'awererwa gavumenti. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] mu 2005. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|diguli ey'okubiri mu by’amateeka]], okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu Kampala. Yaweebwa ekifo okukola nga munnamateeka mu 2008.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Government of Uganda |date=4 April 2020 |title=Uganda Government Gazette of 4 April 2008: General Notice No. 151 of 2008 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2008/ug-government-gazette-dated-2008-04-04-no-18.pdf |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] |format=Archived from the original on 4 April 2008}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu yunivasite, yakolanga ne Kitaawe nga tannaggulawo mu butongole kampuni ye ey'obwamateeka eya Malende & Company Advocates. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu bbanga lya 2018-2020, abadde akola ku misango kumpi 200 [[:en:Pro-bono|egy’obutafa]] ku bannansi ba Uganda abasibibwa olw’emisango egy’enjawulo egy’ebyobufuzi. Bakasitoma be abasinga ba bibuga, bavubuka, baavu, era nga bawandiika mu kibiina kya People Power, Our Power Movement n’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. Yayitiddwa okwegatta ku ttiimu ya People Power Legal Team ekulemberwa [[Asuman Basalirwa]] ne [[Benjamin Katana]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Derrick Wandera |date=31 August 2019 |title=Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html |access-date=10 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerrick_Wandera2019">Derrick Wandera (31 August 2019). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Malende-iron-lady-on-People-Power-legal-team-/689842-5254582-1n8m4gz/index.html "Malende: The iron lady on People Power legal team"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Okuyaayana kw'ebyobufuzi == Engeri gyeyakulira mu maka amagundiivu mu by'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi, alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka musanvu mu kisaawe kino. Malende mmemba w'ekisinde ky'amannyi g'abantu (People Power our Power ) ekya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).Amannyiddwa nga [[Iron lady]] nga n'era munnamateeka wa ttiimu y'ekisinde kya [[People Power]] era ye mukyala yekka ku ttiimu ya bannamateeka ba Robert Kyagulanyi Sentamu. Aze akiikirira abawagizi ba NUP abaasibwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 n'okulonda nga kuwedde. Mu 2020, yalangirira ekigendererwa kye okuvuganya ng' Omubaka omukyala akiikirira ekibuga Kampala mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa Paalamenti, okwa bonna okwa 2021 .<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=21 January 2020 |title=Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=Nile Post Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJonah_Kirabo2020">Jonah Kirabo (21 January 2020). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/20/interview-meet-shamim-malende-the-only-woman-on-bobi-wines-legal-team/ "Interview: Meet Shamim Malende, the only woman on Bobi Wine's legal team"]. Kampala: Nile Post Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kino kyamuteeka buterevu mu lwokaano ,vvaawo mpitewo n'akanyoola bikya ne [[Stella Nyanzi]], eyali yeesimbye ku kifo ky'ekimu ku tiketi y'ekibiina ekya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]]. Ekifo yakiwangula.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=9 July 2020 |title=People Power lawyer joins race for Kampala Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/07/race-to-2021-polls-people-power-lawyer-joins-race-for-kampala-woman-mp-seat.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Abawagira Ligomarc == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/08/womens-day-here-are-the-ten-most-inspirational-women-in-uganda-right-now/ Olunaku lw'abakyala: Laba abakyala kkumi abasinga okusikiriza mu Uganda mu kiseera kino] Okuva nga 8 March 2020. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Bammemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1986]] [[Category:Bannayuganda Abakyala bannamateeka ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mw'ekimu]] sqsjfh3fu48euuqg8i9pfouox1s62pf 0 7940 63486 63112 2026-07-17T20:57:43Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox omuntu|erinnya=Thomas Tayebwa|yazaalibwa_ddi=10/ November/ 1980|eggwanga=Munnayuganda|okusoma_kwe=[Makereke Universiy]|kifaanayi=Tayebwa Thomas.jpg|omulimu_gwe=Mumyuka wa Sipiika wa Paalamenti ya Uganda|kifaananyi=Tayebwa Thomas.jpg}} '''Thomas Tayebwa''' [[Munnayuganda]] omunnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi, aweereza nga Omumyuka wa Sipiika wa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu mwaka gwa 2022.<ref name="deputy">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-25|title=I'll use Deputy Speaker's office to serve Ugandans' interests - Tayebwa|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-ll-use-deputy-speaker-s-office-to-serve-ugandans-interests-tayebwa-3760482|access-date=2022-03-26|website=www.monitor.co.ug|language=en}}</ref> Akiikirira ekitundu kya Ruhinda North County mu [[Mitooma (disitulikit)|Mitooma Disitulikiti]] mu Palamenti ng’ayita mu kibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament|url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6InVSR3ZXN1ViRTBlZ1hOcUJjK0JDMWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWlERXc1Uk56b3VDRnAzODNQYVFXZz09IiwibWFjIjoiYzcwYzU4MDQzMjA4NjM3Y2Y4ZTgxNjNlMzk1Y2IxYTYxMWEyMDIxM2FiMzJhYzA0YjU1ZDBiMmZkMjNmMjhlZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?|access-date=2026-05-26|website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2025, yalondebwa okuba Pulezidenti wa Lukiiko lwa Palamenti olw’[[Ekibiina ky’Amawanga ga Afrika, Caribbean ne Pacific]] (Organisation of Africa, Caribbean and Pacific States Parliamentary Assembly).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tayebwa Elected President of ACP States Joint Parliamentary Assembly|website=Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/3614/tayebwa-elected-president-acp-states-joint-parliamentary-assembly?|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Tayebwa yazaalibwa nga 10 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1980 bazadde be ye Bangirana Daudi ne Abbie Komuhangi ab'oku Kyalo kya Bitereko mu [[Mitooma (disitulikit)|Mitooma Disitulikiti]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/44751-mp-thomas-tayebwa-says-networking-has-propelled-him-this-far|title=MP Thomas Tayebwa says networking has propelled him this far|first=Simon|last=Kasyate|website=The Observer - Uganda}}</ref> Yasomera ku Kigarama Primary School, Kigarama Senior Secondary School, Nganwa High School, ne Ruyonza School nga tannayingira mu Ssettendekero w'e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]], gyeyafunira Diguli ye esooka mu misomo gya Arts n'Enkolagana Y'abantu mu mbeera z'Ekitundu mu mwaka gwa 2005 ne [[Diguli ye esooka mu Mateeka]] mu mwaka gwa 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Who is who in Deputy Speaker race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/who-is-who-in-deputy-speaker-race--3410976|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523170841/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/who-is-who-in-deputy-speaker-race--3410976|archive-date=2021-05-23|access-date=2026-05-26|work=Daily Monitor|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> == Obuvunaanyizibwa == Tayebwa aweereza nga ssenkulu wa Cholmat Investments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2019/01/14/top-10-richest-mps-in-the-10th-parliament-named/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Top 10 Richest MPs in the 10th Parliament Named – theinsider.ug|date=14 January 2019}}</ref> == Ebyobufuzi == Mu Gwekkumi, 2015, Tayebwa yeesogga ebyobufuzi ku kkaadi ya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]], n'awangula [[akamyufu]] k'ekibiina n'obululu 15092<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://croozefm.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-results/|title=NRM primaries: List of results|work=Western Uganda's Biggest radio.|date=October 28, 2015}}</ref> wamu n'[[akalulu ka Uganda aka bonna aka 2016]] olwo n'afuuka omu ku bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ugblizz.com/winners-and-losers-of-uganda-member-of-parliament-mps-elections/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116055516/http://ugblizz.com/winners-and-losers-of-uganda-member-of-parliament-mps-elections/|archive-date=2018-01-16|title=Winners and Losers of Uganda Member of Parliament (MPs) elections}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2019 |title=MPs assure Mitooma residents on water, electricity |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/10/mps-assure-mitooma-residents-on-water-electricity.html}}</ref> Yaweerezaako nga mmemba ku kakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga wamu ne ku Natural Resources Committee.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2020 |title=MP Tayebwa Transfers Shs 20M to Home District |url=https://chimpreports.com/mp-tayebwa-transfers-shs-20m-to-home-district/ |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwokusatu 2022, Tayebwa yalondebwa okuba Omumyuka wa Sipiika wa Paalamenti, oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Sipiika [[Jacob Oulanyah]] n’okutumbulwa kwa [[Anita Annet Among]] okufuuka Sipiika wa Palamenti.<ref name="deputy" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=murami |date=2022-03-25 |title=Among, Tayebwa to lead 11th Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/5783/among-tayebwa-lead-11th-parliament |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=www.parliament.go.ug |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2026, Tayebwa yasigaza ekifo kye eky’Omumyuka wa Sipiika wa Paalamenti mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’ebiri (12th Parliament) oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula akalulu k’ababaka akaategekebwa ku [[Kololo Ceremonial Grounds|Ekisaawe ky'e Kololo ekikolebwamu emikolo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-25 |title=Tayebwa wins second term as deputy speaker as NRM tightens grip on Parliament leadership |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tayebwa-wins-second-term-as-deputy-speaker-as-nrm-tightens-grip-on-parliament-leadership-5472818 |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=Uganda Media |title=Uganda Media Centre |url=https://mediacentre.go.ug/press-room/oboth-oboth-elected-speaker-tayebwa-deputy-2026 |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=mediacentre.go.ug |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2025, Thomas Tayebwa yalondebwa okukulembera Olukiiko lwa Paalamenti olw’Amawanga ga Afrika, Caribbean ne Pacific (OACPS). Okulondebwa kuno kwamuwa n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’okukolera awamu ng’omukulembeze wa Olukiiko lwa Palamenti olugatta OACPS n’Omukago gwa Bulaaya (EU).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tayebwa Elected President of ACP States Joint Parliamentary Assembly {{!}} Parliament of Uganda |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/3614/tayebwa-elected-president-acp-states-joint-parliamentary-assembly |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Tayebwa era akiikiridde Uganda mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ez’Omukago gw’Ensi (Inter-Parliamentary Union – IPU) ne mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ez’omu kitundu kya Afrika y’Ebuvanjuba, gy’abuuliridde ku by’obusuubuzi obwenkanya, okugatta amawanga g’omukitundu, n’okukuuma obwetwaze bw’amawanga ga Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enhance trade between developing countries and the western world- Tayebwa {{!}} Parliament of Uganda |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/740/enhance-trade-between-developing-countries-and-western-world-tayebwa |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tayebwa calls for respect of African sovereignty {{!}} Parliament of Uganda |url=https://gateway.parliament.go.ug/news/4421/tayebwa-calls-respect-african-sovereignty |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=gateway.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Nga 14 Ogwokubiri 2009, Tayebwa yawasa Anita Rukundo ku St Augustine Chapel e [[Makerere]],[[Kampala]]. Balina omwana omu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2019 |title=What you missed on MP Thomas Tayebwa's anniversary |url=https://www.mywedding.co.ug/real-stories/201903/what-you-missed-on-mp-thomas-tayebwas-anniversary-10438.html}}</ref> == Eby’okulumiriza ku kubonyaabonya abantu == Nga 21 Ogwomunaana 2020, amaka ga Tayebwa agasangibwa e Busaabala gakyalibwa omukozi wa [[Umeme]], eyategeerekekwa nga Bukenya Bonny, eyali agenze okusala oba okuggyako amasannyalaze. Okusinziira ku bakulembeze ba Umeme, Tayebwa yali alemereddwa okusasula [[ebisale by’ensimbi za masannyalaze]] ez’enjawulo, era yali ayungako amasannyalaze mu mateeka amakyamu okuddamu okuyunga ekizimbe kye.Tayebwa yalopebwa ku poliisi ekitongole kya Umeme, nga bamulumiriza nti yalagibwa ku katambi ng’atulugunya Bonny.<ref name="thespy">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Spy |date=2020-08-28 |title=Umeme Opens Up |url=https://www.spyuganda.com/umeme-opens-up-case-against-mp-tayebwa-at-katwe-police-for-assaulting-its-agent-on-official-duty-at-his-busabala-site/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=The Spy |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2020 |title=Umeme torture video troubles Ruhinda MP |url=https://mulengeranews.com/umeme-torture-video-troubles-ruhinda-mp-thormas-tayebwa/ |website=Mulengera News}}</ref> Tayebwa awulirwa ng’agamba nti: "Emiggo emeka egisigaddewo? Mwongereyo emiggo ebiri nga ennyongeza yange"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tayebwa canes UMEME employee |url=https://theinformerug.com/2020/08/28/video-ruhinda-north-mp-tayebwa-takes-law-into-his-own-hands-canes-umeme-electrician-for-power-disconnection/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901094010/https://theinformerug.com/2020/08/28/video-ruhinda-north-mp-tayebwa-takes-law-into-his-own-hands-canes-umeme-electrician-for-power-disconnection/ |archive-date=1 September 2022 |website=The Informer}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwomunaana 2020, Tayebwa yasaba Bukenya ekisonyiwo mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’akatambi akalaga nga yeenyigira mu kuyomba n’okuwakana naye okusaasaana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2020-08-30 |title=MP Tayebwa apologizes for beating UMEME contractor |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-tayebwa-apologizes-for-beating-umeme-contractor/ |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [[Ofiicial website]] * [[Website of the Parliament of Uganda]] * [[visiblepolls.org]] * [[www.elections.co.ug]] == Laba ne == * [[Mitooma (disitulikit)|Mitooma Disitulikiti]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1980]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] qriiegak0vqszy55v9k4xl1xbus9zjt 0 8268 63443 55929 2026-07-17T15:49:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63443 wikitext text/x-wiki Uganda, ekwata kyakusatu mu nsi ezisinga okuyimba n'okusanyusa abantu mu Afrika yonna. Uganda erimu [[:en:Tribes|amawanga]] 65 agavaamu abantu aboogera ennimi ez'enjawulo,<ref>Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2016), The National Population and Housing Census 2014 – Main Report, Kampala, Uganda</ref> era muno mwe muva ennyimba eziyimbibwa abantu ba nnansangwa.<ref name="facemusicch">http://www.face-music.ch/inform/poeple_uganda_en.html</ref> [[Baganda|Abaganda]], ly'eggwanga erisinga okuvaamu abayimbi ab'amaanyi era ab'ettutumu mu Uganda, batunze nnyo obuwangwa bwabwe n'okubuutikira ekisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda mu byasa ebibiri (2) ebisembyeyo. [[File:Fred Masagazi.jpg|thumb|Fred Masagazi]] Ekika ky'ennyimba ekyasooka okututumuka nga kivaamu ne ssente mu Uganda kye kya [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] nga kyava mu nnyimba ya Baganda ey'eŋŋoma Eŋŋanda. Okuva mu myaka gya 1980 okutuuka mu gya 1990, [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] yabuutikirwa nnyo abayimbi nga Peterson Mutebi, Dan Mugula, Sebadduka Toffa, Fred Ssonko, Livingstone Kasozi, Fred Masagazi, Baligidde, Abuman Mukungu, Gerald Mukasa, Sauda Nakakaawa, Matia Luyima, Herman Basudde, ne Paulo Kafeero.<ref name="Kadongo Kamu Musicians">http://djerycom.com/genre?g=kadongo-kamu</ref> ne bakifuula ekika ky'ennyimba ekyasinga okucaaka mu Uganda. Ng'emyaka gya 1980 giggwaako, omugenzi Philly Lutaaya yafulumya olutambi lwe olwa "Born In Africa' oluvannyuma olw'efuga amayengo g'empewo. Lutaaya yayongerako olutambi olulala lwe yatuuma "Merry Christmas" olwaliko ennyimba 8. Olutambi luno lukyali lwa ttutumu okutuusa leero era ennyimba za Philly Lutaaya teziva ku mimwa gya Bannayuganda abaagazi b'ennyimba. Ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1990, ekika ky'ennyimba ekirala kyayingirawo nga kiyitibwa Afro ragga oba kye bayita Ek''idandali'' mu Luganda nga kireetebwa abantu okwali: Rasta Rob, Kid Fox, Ras Khan, Messe, Shanks Vivid, Menton Summer, Ragga Dee, [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] ne [[:en:Jose_Chameleone|Jose Chameleone]], [[Bobi Wine]] kw'ossa Steve Jean - ng'oluvannyuma ye yafuuka akola ennyimba z'abalala mu sityudiyo. Mu 1997, Emperor Orlandoh ne Menton Summer be baali ku mumwa gwa Bannayuganda abasinga obungi oluvannyuma lw'okufulumya oluyimba lwabwe lwe baatuuma "Sirikawo Baby" olwacaaka mu Uganda yonna. Mu 1998, Red Banton yajja n'oluyimba lwe olwa "Noonya Money". Yafuuka omuyimbi wa Uganda eyasooka okugenda e Bungereza ng'agendedde ku Visa ya muyimbi (Artist Visa). Olw'okwagala okutuuka ku mutindo ogw'ensi yonna n'enkyukakyuka yaayo, Uganda nga bwe kiri mu mawanga ga Afrika amalala ezze efuna enkyukakyuka mu ngeri gy'ekolamu ennyimba. Kino kivuddeko Bannayuganda bangi okuyimba ng'Abazungu mu bika nga [[:en:Dancehall|Dancehall]] ne [[:en:Hip_Hop|Hip Hop]]. DJ wa Uganda asinze okutambula mu bitundu by'ensi yonna eby'enjawulo era omu ku ba DJ abasinga nga ye DJ, Erycom era amanyiddwa nga Mutebi Erycom, ye Munnayuganda eyasooka okutondawo omukutu ku Youtube era y'omu ku Bannayuganda ababiri abaasooka okusaasaanya ennyimba za Uganda ku mitimbagano. DJ Erycom akozesezza okubeerawo kwa yintaneeti okutumbula okuyimba kwa Uganda n'abayimbi ba Uganda, era olw'ensonga eno, ennyimba za Uganda zituuse ku buli nsonda y'ensi yonna awatuuka emitimbagano. Abayimbi mu Uganda abawerako beegasse ku kibiina ekirwanirira eddembe lyabwe n'okukuuma ebiyiiye byabwe ekya [[:en:Uganda_Performing_Right_Society|Uganda Performing Rights Society]] ekitumbudde ennyo ennyimba zaabwe n'okubaganyula nga kikola omulimu gw'okukuuma obwannanyini bwe balina ku nnyimba zaabwe. == Ennyimba ez'obuwangwa obw'enjawulo okusinziira ku bitundu bya Uganda eby'enjawulo == Uganda eyawulwamu ebitundu bina (4) omuli; Amasekkati, Obukiikakkono, Obuvanjuba n'Obugwanjuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.gou.go.ug/about-uganda/sector/maps-regions |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022042316/https://www.gou.go.ug/about-uganda/sector/maps-regions |url-status=dead }}</ref> Buli kitundu kirina ennyimba ez'engeri ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku buwangwa obukirimu n'amawanga agasangibwayo. Ennyimba mu Uganda zisinga kwesigamizibwa nnyo ku mikolo egy'enjawulo era nga kino bwe kiri ne mu mawanga ga Afrika agasinga obungi. Kino kitegeeza nti okuyimba okusinga obunene kulina emikolo egy'enjawulo kwe kugendera okugeza, obufumbo oba embaga, okwalula abaana, emikolo gy'abakulembeze ab'ennono, amakungula, ennyimba ez'omu ntalo n'endala nnyingi. Ennyimba zino zikubibwa n'okuyimbibwa abakugu abatendeke mu buwangwa obw'enjawulo ne mu bivuga mwe bayimbira ennyimba ezikwata ku buwangwa bwabwe n'amazina gaabwe ag'enjawulo. === Amasekkati === [[File:Mesach Ssemakula and Rema.jpg|thumb|Rema Namakula 4.jpg]]  Abaganda basangibwa mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda mu kitundu ky'Amasekkati ga Uganda; ly'eggwanga ly'abantu abasinga obungi mu Uganda.<ref name="afritorial">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://afritorial.com/tribe-the-baganda-ugandas-royal-kingdom-past-present/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128204858/http://afritorial.com/tribe-the-baganda-ugandas-royal-kingdom-past-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Obwakabaka bukulemberwa omukulembeze w'ensikirano ayitibwa [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]]. Kabaka ye muyima w'ebyokuyimba mu Buganda. Ebimu ku bivuga Abaganda bye bakozesa mu kuyimba mulimu: eŋŋoma nga zikola ettundutundu dddene mu nnyimba z'Abaganda.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000113606</ref> Eŋŋoma z'Obwakabaka ze zimu ku ŋŋoma za Buganda ezikubwa mu nnyimba. E''ngalabi'' y'emu ku ŋŋoma ez'ettutumu nga y'esinga obuwanvu kyokka eddoboozi lyayo lifulumira mabega nga n'abamu kye bava bagiyita Omusekerannyuma.<ref name="face-musich">http://www.face-music.ch/instrum/uganda_drumen.html</ref> Eŋŋoma zikozesebwa omulundi gumu n'ebivuga ebirala omuli amadinda, endingidi, emirere, ''entongooli'', n'ebiralala bingi. Ennyimba zizannyibwa abantu bazizinireko mu ngeri [[:en:Call_and_response|ey'ayimba okusooka ate abamuwagira ne bamwanukula]] ng'enkola eyo eri nnyo mu mawanga ga ba Bantu<ref name="face-music">http://www.face-music.ch/catalog/tradmusicug_songsen06.html</ref> era ebaddewo okuva mu myaka gy'ekyasa ekya 19.<ref>https://www.doi.org/10.1080/00020186808707298</ref> Abaganda balina amazina ag'enjawulo agagenda n'enkuba z'ebivuga ezikyukana, muno mulimu aga ''baakisimba agasinga okuzinibwa.'' Mu malala mulimu aga ''nankasa'' n'''amaggunju''. Amaggunju mazina ga kitiibwa agaatandikira mu lubiri lwa Kabaka.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rMnkcZsv_eEC&q=music+in+Buganda&pg=PA128</ref>  Mu Bukiikokkono bwa Uganda mu kitundu kya Acholi waaliyo omuyimbi ow'amaanyi ng'ayitibwa Ojara Eddy we bwatuukira mu ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1980. === Mu Buvanjuba === Okusobola okukwawulira ekitundu ky'Obuvanjuba bwa Uganda ku bitundu ebirala. Kino kirimu amawanga ag'enjawulo omuli: Abagwere, Abasoga, Abanyoli, Abagisu, Abajapadhola, Abateeso, Abasabin, Abasamya era buli buwangwa bulina ennyimba yaabwo. Mu myaka gya 1990 amawanga gano gaakolanga ennyimba nga gakozesa bivuga byago byokka bye beekoleranga, okugeza Abagwere baalina ekivuga ekiyitibwa kongo, Abasoga nga balina amadinda ge bayita mbeire, ate Abajapadhola n'Abanyoli nga balina ekya fumbo, Abateeso nga balina adungu era ennyimba zaabwe zaayawukananga nnyo mu nvuga n'engeri gye baaziyiiyangamu. Mu kyasa ekya 20, mangi ku mawanga gano gaagenda gakyusa ennyimba yaago nga gakoppa ennyimba ey'ekizungu kyokka bakyayimbira mu nnimi zaabwe. Waliyo abayimbi bangi abamanyiddwa mu mawanga ago okugeza, Abagwere balina Waisana, Benenego, Rapper sky dee, Area b, Waikere, Bluzman n'abalala, . Abagisu balina San Sea, Ben, Nutty Neithan n'abalala, Abasoga balina Crazy mc, Racheal Magola, Maro, Yaled, General Megadi n'abalala. Amawanga gano agasinga galina abakulembeze b'ensikirano abayambyeko okutumbula eby'okuyimba byabwe. Omukulembeze w'Abagwere ayitibwa Ikumbania, owa Bugisu ye Omukuka, owa Busoga ayitibwa Kyabazinga, owa Teeso ye Emorimori n'abalala. === Obugwanjuba === Ekitone ky'okuyimba kizze kikula mu kitundu kino okuviira ddala ku bayimbi nga [[:en:Sister_Charity|Sister Charity]], Chance Kahindo ne Rasta Charz abaddirirwa [[:en:Ray_G|Ray G]], Jolow, [[:en:Allan_Toniks|Allan Toniks]], Seyo, T Bro, Emily Kikazi, Muzz Joe, T Paul, Rachael T, Mat Henry, CJ Champion ne baddirirwa abalala omuli Penny Patra, Amani Amaniga, Carol Kay, Prettie Immaq n'abalala bangi abazze. Oluvannyuma lw'okucaaka kw'oluyimba lwa "Omusheshe" olwayimbibwa Ray G ne Spice Diana, Olunyankole lwayongera okutuuka mu bitundu ebirala ebya Uganda. Abayimbi abava mu Buganda nabo baayongera okukola ennyimba ne bannaabwe okuva e Bugwanjuba ne bayimba ennyimba nga "True man hood" olwa ba Allstars abaayimba ne T Bro, "Tikikushemerire" olwa Gen Geeon ne Jose Chameleon, "Yeele" olwa Geosteady ne Ray G, "Ninkukunda" olwa Ray G ne Voltage music, "Mbarara boy" olwa Mc Kacheche ne [[John Blaq]], "Elevate" olwa Rachael T ne Colifixe, "Sagala" olwa T Paul ne Cosign. Okukula kwa ba 'deejay' kwatandika n'abantu nga DJs Alberto 43, Dj Mats, DJ Sky,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://feezah.com/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Riddim Selecta, Starcent Dj, Jahlive, DJ Emma, DJ Bristol ne ba 'deejay' abali wansi w'ekibinja kya [https://web.archive.org/web/20220506234558/http://xldeejayz.com/ XL Deejayz] , Street Deejays, Massive effect Deejays, 43 Effect Deejays n'abalala bangi. Abatumbula ekisaawe ky'okuyimba. Mu bano mulimu abakolera ku mitimbagano n'abatagiriiko, omuli: [https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ Feezah music uganda] Alpha Promotions, Bantu Hits,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://ictguy.com/download-ugandan-music-websites/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206120057/https://ictguy.com/download-ugandan-music-websites/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20220710154241/https://ugandadjs.com/ Uganda Djs Online Radio] Karen Promotions, D3 Promotions, Lala Promotions, Patra Promotions, JKG Promotions, MOK Alozius Promotions n'abalala; Mu balala mulimu abantu ssekinnoomu okuli: Dely Derick, Mc Katala, Mr vybs live n'abalala bangi Leediyo ne Terefayina nazo zikoze omulimu gwa maanyi okusitula ebitone. okutandikibwawo kwa leediyo ez'ebitundu nga "Voice of Tooro" , Radio West, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220516042409/https://messiahradio.co.ug/ Messiah Radio ey'e Kasese], Voice of Kigezi, Endigyito, Voice of Kamwenge, [https://kaseseguideradio.com/ Kasese Guide Radio], Rwenzori FM, BFM, Hits FM, n'endala omuli Crooze FM, Boona FM, K Town Radio, Ngabu FM ne Street Deejays Radio (ey'oku mutimbagano) ziyambyeko nnyo ekisaawe ky'okuyimba okukula mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Emikutu gya TV gikuze mu ngeri ya kasoobo mu kitundu kino kyokka okujja kwa TV West, ne Bunyoro TV nakyo kiyambyeko. TV zino zombi zaafuuka ekifo awazannyirwa vidiyo z'ennyimba zaabwe abantu ne baziraba. Okuyita mu leediyo ne TV abantu abapya baacaaka omuli Mc Kacheche, Kunana MC, Lithan MC, Mr Jay n'abalala. Okukula kw'ebivvulu by'ennyimba naddala mu bbaala z'ebibuga nga Mbarara, Rukungiri, Kabale, Fort Portal, Ishaka, Kasese ne Kamwenge biwa omwagaanya abayimbi abato okufuna we bayimbira abantu ne babategeera. == Ennyimba ezicaase ennyo ne zikola ssente == Olw'embeera y'obutali butebenkevu eyali mu Uganda okuva emabega, tewaaliwo budde bumala kisaawe kya kuyimba kusajjakula okutuusa jjo lya balamu eggwanga lwe lyaddamu emirembe ng'emyaka gya 1980 giggwaako. Mu kiseera ekyo [[:en:Philly_Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], [[:en:Afrigo_Band|Afrigo Band]], ne [[:en:Elly_Wamala|Elly Wamala]] be boogerwako ng'abaavaayo mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba. [[Jimmy Katumba]] n'ekibiina kye ekya Ebonies nabo baamanyika nnyo mu biseera ebyo, ng'egya 1990 gitandika. Abayimbi nga, Carol Nakimera, Kezia Nambi, Fred Maiso, Kads Band, Rasta Rob, Menton Summer ba baaliko mu Uganda wakati wa 1990 ne 1997. Abalala nga, Livingstone Kasozi, Herman Basudde ne Paulo Kafeero nabo baakola kinene okusembeza ennyimba eri abantu n'okukola ebivvulu nga bayimbira ku siteegi. Okusinziira ku mutunzi w'ennyimba za Uganda nnakinku era amaze ebbanga mu bwa DJ, DJ Erycom, 1998 gwe mwaka ekisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda lwe kyasinga okufuna enkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu. Yeebaza abayimbi nga Red Banton eyaleeta akayimba ka Noonya Money akaabuna Uganda yonna. agamba nti Red Banton yali ku ntikko y'okuyimba mu Uganda okutuuka mu 2000 Jose Chameleone lwe yadda okuva e [[Kenya]] n'oluyimba lwa "Mama Mia" kyenkana olwafuuka oluyimba lw'eggwanga mu Uganda ne East Africa okutwaliza awamu. Mu myaka gya 1990 Uganda yatandika okulaga nga bwe yali enyumirwa [[:en:Dancehall|ennyimba z'e Jamaica]] abayimbi ab'enjawulo omwali Shanks Vivi Dee, Ragga Dee, n'abalala bwe bajja n'enkuba ey'ekijamaica nga beefaananyirizaako [[:en:Shabba_Ranks|Shabba Ranks]]. Baayingiza wano ennyimba ez'ekika kya [[:en:Ragga|Ragga]] mu Uganda nga newankubadde baafuna okuvuganyizibwa n'ebika Ebifirika ebirala nga [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] okuva e Congo ne [[:en:Kwaito|Kwaito]] okuva e South Africa. Embeera eno ye yaliwo okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 21 abayimbi nga [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]] bwe bajja ne bawamba. We bwatuukira mu 2007, waaliwo abayimbi abapya bangi abaali bazze nga bayimba ebika by'ennyimba eby'enjawulo olwo ng'ennyimba z'e [[Bulaaya]], ez'e Congo ne South Africa zaali tezikyavuga mu Uganda. Leero, abayimbi nga [[:en:Iryn_Namubiru|Iryn Namubiru]] ne King Saha be bamu ku b'oyinza okwogerako, abalala nga Radio & Weasel aba [[:en:Goodlyfe_Crew|Goodlyfe Crew]], nabo baali ba maanyi nnyo nga Radio tannafa, nga baavuganyaako ne mu mpaka za za ssemazinga wa Afrika yonna eza [[:en:MTV_Africa_Music_Awards|MTV Base awards]] mu 2010 n'eza BET awards mu 2013. Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, [[:en:Eddy_Kenzo|Eddy Kenzo]] yawangula awaadi y'omuyimbi omupya asinga mu nsi yonna eya "Best new international artist" mu mpaka za [[:en:BET_Awards_2015|2015 BET music awards.]] === Kadongo Kamu === [[File:Tune In (28990737).jpeg|left|thumb|Guiter]] Ekigambo "Kadongo Kamu" kigambo kya [[Luganda]] ekitegeeza "endongo emu". Ennyimba ez'engeri eno zaaweebwa erinnya eryo olw'omulimu omukulu ogukolebwa jjita ey'eddoboozi eddene eya [[:en:Bass_guitar|bass guitar]], ng'olumu yokka gye bababakuba nga bayimba. Kirowoozebwa nti omuyimbi eyasooka okumanyika n'okucaaka ye [[:en:Fred_Masagazi|Fred Masagazi]] eyo mu myaka gya 1960.<ref name="voanews">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://blogs.voanews.com/music-time-in-africa/2008/02/05/kadongo-kamu-from-uganda/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801121338/https://blogs.voanews.com/music-time-in-africa/2008/02/05/kadongo-kamu-from-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Omugenzi Elly Wamala naye yakola kinene mu kukyusa mu kadongo kamu n'amwongerako omutindo era ennyimba ze zaawulirwanga nga za njawulomu. Christopher Sebadduka yatutumusa nnyo kadongokamu nga y'ensonga alwaki bangi bamuyita Jjajja wa Kadongo kamu. Ennyimba za Wamala ez'imulembe zaamuleeera okufuna abawagizi bangi era y'omu ku baafuna omukisa okuyimba ku bijaguzo by'ameefuga ga Uganda mu 1962. Bano baagobererwa abayimbi abalala bangi.<ref name="voanews" /> [[:en:Herman_Basudde|Herman Basudde]] yali muyimbi wa kadongo kamu eyacaaka ennyo wakati w'emyaka gya 1980 ne 1990. Kino bwe kyali ne ku [[:en:Bernard_Kabanda|Bernard Kabanda]] ne Dan Mugula ono ye ng'akyaliwo. Fred Sebatta ne [[:en:Paulo_Kafeero|Paulo Kafeero]] baali ba maanyi nnyo mu myaka gya 1990. We butuukidde olwaleero nga Kadongokamu yakendeera amaanyi olw'ebika by'ennyimba ebirala ebivuganya ku mutendera gw'ensi yonna kyokka akyatwalibwa nga sitayiro y'ennyimba ey'ekitiibwa, erimu okuwuliriza obubaka, okubuulirira n'okusanyusa abakulembeze mu Buganda.<ref name="monitorco">[http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Down-the-memory-lane-with-Kadongo-kamu-greats/812796-1522878-kms8yc/index.html "Down the memory lane with Kadongo kamu greats". monitor.co.ug. Retrieved January 31, 2017]</ref> === Ennyimba 50 ezikyasinze amaanyi mu Uganda okuvamu 1990 ===   Okusinziira ku DJ Erycom, luno lwe lukalala lw'ennyimba ezikyasinze amaanyi mu Uganda. Born In Africa olwa Philly Lutaaya, Land of Anaka olwa Geoffrey Oryema, Bus Dunia olwa Herman Basudde, Sirikawo Baby olwa Menton Summer ne Emperor Orlando, Wipolo olwa Pastor George Okudi, Noonya Money olwa Red Banton, Mama Mia olwa Jose Chameleone, Mbawe olwa Ragga Dee, Tindatine olwa Lady Mariam, Kapapaala olwa David Lutalo, Bamidomo, Midomo olwa Da Twinz, Mu Ggulu Teriyo Mwenge olwa Menton Kronno & Gen Mega Dee, Mic Ya Ziggy Dee, Badda lwa Bobi Wine, Jamila olwa Jose Chameleone, Ani Akumanyi olwa Grace & Gatimo, Swimming Pool olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Angela olwa Sizza Man, Dippo Nazigala olwa Paulo Kafeero, Nakudata olwa Radio & Weasel, Ekinaigeria olwa Harriet Kisaakye, Siggwe Ansimira olwa Mesach Semakula, Mwana Muwala Nga Walaba olwa Mega Dee, Stamina olwa Eddy Kenzo, Wendi olwa Bobi Wine, Kasepiki olwa Bebe Cool, Nabikoowa olwa Juliana Kanyomozi, Mbakwekule olwa Sheebah, Ndigida olwa Ragga Dee, Champion olwa AK47, Maria Roza olwa Eddy Kenzo, Ginkeese olwa Qute Kaye, Oli Wange olwa Rema, Tuli Kubunkenke olwa Ronald Mayinja, Mazongoto olwa Dr Hilderman, Bread & Butter olwa Radio & Weasel, Jangu olwa Obsessions, Nakatudde olwa Madox Semanda Ssematimba, Maama Brenda olwa Sweet Kid, Neera Neera olwa Mowzey Radio, Omusono Gwa Mungu olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Obangaina olwa Racheal Magoola, Juicy olwa Radio & Weasel, Manzi Wa Nani olwa Clever J, Sikulimba olwa Afrigo Band, Nkuumira Omukwano olwa Aziz Azion, Omusheshe olwa Chance Nalubega, Bbaala olwa Daxx Kartel, Ekimbeewo olwa Halimah Namakula, Basiima Ogenze olwa Jose Chameleone, Ddole Y'omwana olwa Fred Sebatta, Sweet Wange olwa Phoebe Nassolo, Kyarenga olwa Bobi Wine, Beera Nange olwa Judith Babirye, Kani olwa Pastor Wilson Bugembe, Amaaso olwa Pallaso, Radio & Weasel, Walumbe Remix olwa Gravity Omutujju, Muliranwa olwa King Saha, Sitya Loss olwa Eddy Kenzo, Ngenda Kusiba Farm olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Badilisha olwa Jose Chameleone, Bogolako olwa Bebe Cool, Maama Mbire olwa Bobi Wine & Juliana ne Mbiro Mbiro olwa Eddy Kenzo. === Kidandali ===   Ennyimba ez<nowiki>'ekika ky'Ekidandali ze zisinze okuwamba mu Uganda ensangi zino. Kyokka erinnya "kidandali" terikkaanyizibwako buli omu ng'abamu bagamba nti ennyimba ez'ekika kino zandibadde ziyitibwa ''ennyimba za bbandi''</nowiki>, ate abalala bateesanti ekika kino kiyitibwe [[:en:Afrobeat|Afrobeat]]. Ennyiba ez'engeri eno ensibuko yaazo yava mu bbandi ezaasookawo mu Uganda nga yaakafuna obwetwaze mu 1962. Bbandi ya Cranes Band, oluvannyuma eyasattulukuka n'evaamu eya [[:en:Afrigo_Band|Afrigo Band]], eyogerwako nga bbandi eyasooka okuvaamu ennyimba ez'engeri eno. Mu kusooka ennyimba zaabwe zaali zaagala okufaanaganamu ez'ekika kya [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] n'ez'abayimbi b'e congo nga Franco ezaaliko mu budde obwo. Baakubanga nnyo n'ebivuga ebikola ennyimba za [[:en:Jazz|Jazz]]. Ebiseera bwe byagenda bitambula, waabalukawo bbandi endala nga Rwenzori Band, Big Five Band ne Simba Ngoma Band. Naye Afrigo Band ye yasinga okumanyika n'okubuutikira endala naddala mu kiseera ky'obutabanguko n'obutali butebenkevu obwaliwo mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu gya 1990. We bwatuukira mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990, Afrigo Band yali ekyayimba ennyimba eziva mu kika kya Soukous music, eyali ow'ettutumu ennyo mu Afrika yonna. Abayimbi nga Joanita Kawalya ne Rachael Magoola baali kitundu ku Afrigo Band era be baatandikirwako ekika ky'ennyimba kati eziyitibwa Kidandali, kw'ossa bbandi endala nga Kaads Band. Kyokka enkyukakyuka ssinziggu yaggyawo bwe waatondebwawo ekibiina ekiralala ekyatuumibwa Eagles Production ekyaleeta abayimbi nga Mesach Semakula, Geoffrey Lutaaya, Ronald Mayinja , Haruna Mubiru n'abalala bangi. Bano baatwala ekya Afrigo Band ne bakyongeramu ebirungo wamma ne gujabagira. Mu myaka gya 2000, enika ky'ennyimba kino kyasinga kumanyika ku bbandi ya Eagles Production. Bano baayongera okusitula ebitone ebipya omwali: Roy Kapale, Maureen Nantume, Phionah Mukasa, Mariam Mulinde, Queen Florence, omugenzi Harriet Kisaakye Cathy Kusasira, Irene Namatovu ne [[:en:Stecia_Mayanja|Stecia Mayanja]]. Ate entaanya endala yaliwo mu 2008 omuyimbi [[:en:David_Lutalo|David Lutalo]] lwe yajja n'akayimba ka Kapapaala n'ateekawo essuula empya okuva ku nnyimba za bbandi ezaali zimanyiddwa omwali Eagles Production, Diamond Production, Kads Band, Backeys Band, Kats Production, The Hommies n'endala nnyingi. Mu 2003, Uganda yafunda omuyimbi omupya eyawamba ekisaawe ky'okuyimba, Abdu Mulaasi. Ono eyajja n'oluyimbba lwe olwabuna eggwanga lyonna olwa "Omusono Gwa Mungu", Abdu Mulaasi yayogerwangako kyenkana mu buli nju n'atwalibwa okuba omu ku bayimbi ab'amaanyi mu Uganda. Abdu Mulaasi yeeyongera okufulumya ennyimba ezaacaaka nga: Swimming Pool, Njagal Ebbere, Ekyaapa, Obuffumbo Bwa Liizi, Ngenda Kusiba Farm ne Omuchaina. Enkulu Tenywa lwe lumu ku nnyimba ezaasinga okukwatayo era ne lumu kuumira ku ntikko. We bwatuukira mu 2010, Abdu Mulaasi yali akyusizza enkuba ya KadongoKamu ng'afuuse Kadongo kamu omulongooseemu oba abamu gwe bayita Urban Kadongo Kamu. DJ Erycom, y'omu ku ba DJ abaasooka abaasooka okuzannya, okubunyisa n'okutumbula ennyimba za Kadongokamu mu bbaala, ne mu bifo ebirala ebisanyukirwamu mu Uganda n'ebweru. Mu kiseera ekyo tekinologiya ow'entambi yali ayongedde okukula ng'ennyimba zikolebwa byuma ebiri mu kompyuta si si bino bye bakubirawo nga kino kyali kyatuuka dda ne mu nnyimba eza bbandi.Situdio ezikola ennyimba ezaaliko mu kiseera ekyo kuliko: Kann, Dream Studios, Mozart n'eya Paddyman. Abayimbi abalala bangi bazze bayimba ennyimba z'ekidandali omuli Dr Tee, Martin Angume ne [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]] yennyini. Abayimbi b'ennyimba zino abapya mulimu [[:en:Papa_Cidy|Papa Cidy]], ne Chris Evans ng'ono oluusi ayimbirako n'ez'ekika kya Dancehall era muyimbi mututumufu mu Uganda. === Ennyimba za Dancehall === Ennyimba za Dancehall mu Uganda zaagala okwefaananyirizaako ezo eza [[:en:Dancehall|Dancehall w'e Jamaica]]. Y'emu ku kika ky'ennyimba ekirina ekifo eky'oku mwanjo mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda. Ebirala byonna bifaanagana n'eby'Abajamaica ekyawukana kyokka lwe lulimi nga Bannayuganda bayimba nnyi mu nnimi zaabwe ennansi. Newankubadde bayimba mu nnimi zaabwe, okugeza [[Luganda]], era waliwo obugambo bwe bakoppa mu Lujamaica nga bagoberera [[:en:Patois|engeri gye baatulamu Olujamaica]]. Kinajjukirwa nti ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1990 ne mu makkati gaagyo, ennyimba z'ebweru ezaasinga okunyumira Bannayuganda z'ezo ez'e Jamaica ezaayitibwanga [[:en:Raggamuffin_music|Raggamuffin music]] mu biseera eby. Abayimbi nga [[:en:Shabba_Ranks|Shabba Ranks]] ne [[:en:Buju_Banton|Buju Banton]] baafuuka ekyokulabirako eri abayimbi b'e Uganda nga Shanks Vivi D, [[:en:Ragga_Dee|Ragga Dee]], Menton Sama ne Rasta Rob. Ekidongo abayibi b'e Uganda kye baasinga okuyiiyizaamu ennyimba ky'eky'oluyimba lwa[[:en:Reggaeton#Dem_Bow|Dem Bow]] olwayimbibwa Shabba Ranks oluvannyuma ne kiddirirwa ekidongo kya [[:en:Reggaeton|Reggaeton]]. Ng'emyaka gya 1990 giggwaako abayimbi abapya baasituka mu Uganda omwali Mega Dee ne Emperor Orlando nga bakuba ennyimba ez'ekika kino.<ref name="newvisioon">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1330970/dancehall-influence-ugandan-music</ref> Ekyasa ekya 20 we kyaggweerako, ng'ennyimba za dancehall oba ezitera okuyitibwa ragga zaali zisaasaanye ne mu nkuba endala. Abayimbi abapya nga [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]], [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] ne [[Bobi Wine]] baayingirawo era ne bawamba ekisaawe ky'okuyimba nga bakuba ennyimba ez'ekika kino. Kyokka tebalina nnyo kye baayongera ku kika kya nnyimba eno naddala mu kwongera ku mutindo gw'envuga oba okwongeramu ebivuga ebirala wabula baasigala ku nvuga ey'ekidongo kya Dem Bow kwe baazimbiranga ennyimba zaabwe. Kyokka ebiseera bwe byeyongera omutindo gwagenda gukyukamu era Chameleone ye yasooka okuba omuyimbi wa dancehall eyagattamu envuga endala omuli eya Soukous ne [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]]. We bwatuukira mu 2006, abayimbi bangi baali bakoze ekintu kye kimu.<ref name="musicinafricaa">http://musicinafrica.net/reggae-uganda?language=en</ref> Mu kiseera kino enkuba y'Ekijamaica yali ekyuseemu okuva ku nkadde eya "ragga" nga wazzeewo emypa eyaleetebwa [[:en:Deejays|ba DJ]] ba dancehall omwali [[:en:Vybz_Kartel|Vybz Kartel]] ne [[:en:Busy_Signal|Busy Signal.]] Abayimbi nga Dr Hilderman bajja n'ennyimba empya nga Double bed Mazongoto ne zivuga okumala ebbanga. Kyokka oluvannyuma Uganda yafuna abayimbi omujiji omupya nga Rabadaba, Sizza Man ne Fidempa abaakola ennyimba za dancehall omulongooseemu. Abayimbi ba Uganda aba dancehall bangi bamufunyeemu era kati bagagga abali mu bulamu obw'okwejalabya.<ref name="theguardian">https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/oct/30/the-playlist-reggae-dancehall-and-soca-from-kingston-to-kampala</ref> === Ennyimba za Hip Hop ne R&B === Ennyimba za Hip Hop mu Uganda zeefaananyirizaako ezo eza [[:en:Hip_Hop|Hip Hop]] w'omu Amerika abamu ze bayita ez'okutontoma. Olw'okukula kwa tekinologiya, ne Bannayuganda ennyimba za Hip Hop ze bakola nnengooseemu nga teziri wala nnyo n'ezikolebwa mu Amerika. Enjawulo ennene eriwo eri nti mu Uganda, nga bwe kiri ne mu mawanga ga Afrika amalala, okusinga abayimbi bayimba mu nnimi nnansi/nzaaliranwa. Okusingira ddala bayimba mu [[Luganda]] ng'ab'ennyimba zino baafunayo n'ekigambo ekiralala ekya "Lugaflow" kye bakozesa okutegeeza ennyimba eno efaananako ey'okutontoma mu Uganda.<ref name="editioncnn">http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/18/africa/ugandadn-hip-hop/</ref> Ennyimba eya Hip hop y'emu ku zikyali empya mu Uganda nga yatandika n'ebibinja by'abayimbi bibiri (2) omuli ekya [[:en:Klear_Kut|Klear Kut]] ne Bataka Squad ebyatandika eyo ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1990 naye nga mu kiseera ekyo Bannayuganda baali tebannazitegeera. Mu bayimbi abalala abajja nga bayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kino mulimu [[:en:Navio_(rapper)|Navio (rapper)]], Babaluku, Sylvester ne Abramz ,'abalala bangi.<ref name="kellogg">https://web.archive.org/web/20160724010258/http://kellogg.nd.edu/students/etw/experience_killen.shtml</ref> Abayimbi abalala beeyalula okuva mu 2005 omwali Rocky Giant ne GNL Zamba eyajja 2008 ennyimba za Hip Hop ne zisensera Bannayuganda. Abayimbi abalala bajja nga bagoberera GNL omuli Jay-P, keko, Gravity Omutujju, Victor Kamenyo, Felister de Superstar, Fresh Kid, MunG n'abalala bangi ababunyizza ennyimba eno mu Bannayuganda ne batuuka ne ku mikutu egy'amaanyi nga [[:en:MTV|MTV]].<ref name="newvision.co.ug">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419328/status-quo-ugandan-hip-hop-industry</ref> Nga bwe kiri ku Hip Hop, ennyimba za R&B mu Uganda nazo zigoberera ezo eza [[:en:R&B|R&B]] okuva mu Amerika. Zino tezirina nnyo byafaayo mu Uganda kyokka nga zaasooka kuyimbibwa Steve Jean mu Uganda ng'emyaka gya 1990 giggwaako. Yaddirirwa Michael Ross eyajja mu 2002 n'ennyimba nga How Do You Love ne Sinorita. Kyokka mu 2008, abayimbi bangi beeyongera okuyimba R&B omwali Myco Chris ne Baby Joe abawangaalira mu mawanga g'ebweru. Mu balala mulimu aba Blu3, ne [[:en:Aziz_Azion|Aziz Azion]]. Baagobererwa abalala nga [[:en:Nick_Nola|Nick Nola]], Richy, Pallaso, Woodz ne Yoyo abaayongera ennyimba eno mu maaso.<ref name="newvision.co.ug" /> === Ennyimba z'eddiini/ez'okusinza n'okutendereza Katonda === [[:en:Gospel_music|Ennyimba z'okusinza n'okutendereza]] mu Uganda zaatandika na kkwaya za mu makanisa ne Eklezia kw'ossa bbandi ez'enjawulo. Zino zaali nnyo mu b'enzikiriza y'Ekirokole /[[:en:Balokole|Abalokole]]. Abayimbi nga Fiona Mukasa eyajja mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990 y'omu ku baasooka okukuba ennyimba z'eddiini okuzifulumya amasinzizo ne zituuka ku bantu bonna. Ennyimba zino zaalimu nnyo enkuba ey'ennyimba z'e Congo eya [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] eyaliko mu budde obwo. Waaliwo n'ekibinja kya Limit X ekyacaaka ennyo mu budde obwo.<ref name="nsoul">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221022042303/http://nsoul.com/artists/limits "Limit X Biography". nsoul.com. Retrieved 4 July 2015]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Oluvannyuma ennyimba za 'Gospel' zaakyukamu oluvannyuma lw'okujja kw'ebibinja nga Sauti,<ref name="newvisionn">https://web.archive.org/web/20200919024306/https://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/507/462860</ref> n'eya First Love. Abalala nga George Okudi ne Father Musaala baakuba ennyimba ezaakwatayo. Kyokka ennyimba za Gospel, zaatandika okwegazaanya mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda, [[:en:Judith_Babirye|Judith Babirye]] bwe yayingirawo mu 2007. Babirye, eyayimbanga mu ngeri y'emu n'eya Mukasa, kyokka ye yafulumyanga ennyimba ez'okumukumu ate nga zonna zikwatayo omwali ne "Beera Nange".<ref name="About">http://allafrica.com/stories/201407211632.html</ref> Omulala eyadda ku Babirye ye [[:en:Wilson_Bugembe|Wilson Bugembe]] nga naye ennyimba ze zaasiimibwa abantu n'ayatiikirira. Bono bazze beegattibwako abayimbi abalala nga [[:en:Levixone|Levixone]] eyayimba olwa "mbeera" ne Grace Morgan olwali olwamaanyi mu 2021. == Ennyimba za Classical == Ennyimba ez'engeri eno ntono nnyo mu Uganda,era abazitegeera okusinga bali mu kibuga ekikulu Kampala. Amatendekero g'ebyennyimba mu Kampala kuliko: [https://web.archive.org/web/20250708204840/https://www.kampalamusicschool.com/ Kampala Music School], [https://web.archive.org/web/20251007174413/https://www.musicinafrica.net/taxonomy/term/6794 MusiConnexions Uganda] and [https://esom-music.com/ Esom Music School]. Newankubadde amatendekero gano tegaliimu bivuga byonna ebyetaagisa olwa ssente entono, gatendeka abantu mu by'okuyimba ebisookerwako. Waliko okuyimba okw'Ekizungu okwayigirizibwa Bannayuganda Abaminsane we bajjira mu Uganda. Kino tekitegeeza nti nga tebajjaggya tewaaliwo kuyimba naye balina bye baayongereza ku ebyo bye baasangawo.<ref>Music in Africa Magazine, by Benon Kigozi</ref> Era ennyimba za [[:en:Classical_music|Classical music]] zigenda zikula mpolampola. == Embeera y'ekisaawe ky'okuyimba == [[:en:Music_industry|Okuyimba mu Uganda]] kye kimu ku bisaawe ebisinga okuba eby'omugaso mu mbeera z'abantu eza bulijjo n'okukyusa ebyenfuna by'abo abakwetabamu. Abayimbi be basinga okubeera [[:en:Celebrities|bassereebu]] mu Uganda, era n'ebyo ebifulumira mu mawulire nga bikwata ku byamasanyu bisinga kubeera ku nnyimba ne ku bayimbi. Ebikwata ku bayimbi bigobererwa nnyo abaamawulire era bikola nnyo amawulire mu Uganda. [[:en:Concerts|Ebivvulu by'ennyimba]] oba okutongoa entambi z'ennyimba kye kimu ku biwagirwa ennyo Bannayuganda. Kkampuni nnyingi ziteeka ssente mu bivvulu bino okubitegeka n'okubiranga ku leediyo ne TV. Abayimbi bakola nnyo ebivvulu kubanga batono ku bo abatunda antambi/ennyimba zaabwe ne zivaamu ssente, nga basigalira ku kya kutegeka bivvulu ne bavunamu ku ssente ze basolooza okubiyingira. Tewaliiwo [[:en:Record_labels|kkampuni zikola nnyimba entongole]] era ezitera okuyitibwa kkampuni ezikola ennyimba zibeera zikulembera bayimbi kye kyokka. Eno y'ensonga lwaki abayimbi basanga obuzibu mu kufuna ssente mu nnyimba zaabwe n'okukaluubirizibwa okukola ennyimba eziri ku mutindo. Wabaddewo ne kaweefube w'okutereeza ekisaawe ky'okuyimba okuyita mu bitongole nga ekya Uganda Performing Rights Society (UPRS), Bryan Morel Publications n'ekya Uganda Musicians Association ekizze kitegeka awaadi z'abayimbi ez'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Africa_Awards_for_Entrepreneurship|AFRIMA Awards]], [[:en:Pearl_of_Africa_Music_Awards|PAM Awards]] ne HiPipo Music Awards. Okufuba kw'ebibiina bino okuyambako abayimbi okufuna mu nnyimba zaabwe nga basitula etteeka ly'obwannannyini ku biyiiye omuli n'ennyimba erya [[:en:Copyright_law|copyright law]] kuzze kugwa butaka. Kino kikyali kimu ku bizibu abayimbi bye basanga mu nsi yonna. == Okutunda n'okutumbula ennyimba za Uganda == Okusinziira ku muwandiisi Jones, A.M (1954),ennyimba ennansi ekyali ya maanyi mu bantu ba bulijjo naddala mu byalo era agamba nti Uganda erina ebivuga ebitasangikasangika ebizze bikozesebwa ne mu nnyimba ezikolebwa ennaku zino. Kampuni ennene ezitwala abayimbi n'okubakolera ennyimba omuli eya [[:en:Blackmarket_Records|Black Market Records]] n'ebitongole by'ensi yonna omuli n'ekya [https://www.singingwells.org/ Singing Wells] ne [http://selam.se/eng/about-us Selam] okuva e UK nazo ziyambyeko okutumbula ennyimba za Uganda. Mu ntandikwa zaalina ekigendererwa ky'okutumbula ennyimba za hip-hop mu Uganda ne zizzaako okutendeka abakola ennyimba n'okusomesa ku tteeka lya copyright Law) okuyita mu buyambi obuva mu kitongole kya Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). Bano bagenderera n'okutumbula ebika by'ennyimba omuli Larakaraka okuva e Gulu, Bukusu nga kino ekika kiyimbibwa Mbale kw'ossa Kandongo Kamu nga bizze bigattibwamu enkuba ya reggae ne ragga.<ref>https://doi.org/10.21504%2Famj.v1i1.228</ref> Abayimbi ba Uganda okusinga bakozesezza leediyo ne TV okutumbula ennyimba zaabwe. Bangi bategese ebivvulu ate abalala bayimba ku mikolo ng'okwanjula, embaga n'obubaga obulala. Abalala bakozesa emikutu gya yintaneeti omuli n'egya Social Media okutumbula ennyimba zaabwe era bafunyeemu ssente. Kyokka abayimbi bangi mu Uganda tebannatandika kukozesa bulungi mikitu gino okugiganyulwamu ng'abagikozesa baasinga kuzuukukira mu kiseera kya ky'omuggalo gwa Covid-19. Abayimbi nga [[:en:Desire_Luzinda|Desire Luzinda]], [[:en:Navio_(rapper)|Navio]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/04/17/navio-to-stage-online-concert-during-covid-19-lockdown/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426012212/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/04/17/navio-to-stage-online-concert-during-covid-19-lockdown/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Iryn_Namubiru|Iryn Namubiru]], [[Bobi Wine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/11/bobi-wines-online-concert-lives-up-to-hype-marred-by-poor-network/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2020-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201202455/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/11/bobi-wines-online-concert-lives-up-to-hype-marred-by-poor-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Gabriel_K|Gabriel K]],<ref>https://bigeye.ug/gabriel-k-in-concert/</ref> [[:en:Jose_Chameleone|Jose Chameleone]] n'abategesi b'ebivvulu nga Bryan Morel Publications, Promoter Musa<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm11777770/bio</ref> Ivan Jay [[:en:Music_promoter|Music Promoter]]<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Bulamu+Rd,+Kasangati/@0.3796251,32.5876834,11z/data=!4m7!4m6!1m1!4e2!1m2!1m1!1s0x177db16786a4e2d7:0x87568ea2423514a2!3e0</ref> ne Fezah baakyusa entegeka y'ebivvulu nga baakolako n'ebyoku mutimbagano (online concerts) oluvannyuma ebyasaasaaniranga ku mikutu gya TV.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1519157/online-normal-post-covid-19</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1518193/ugandan-artistes-resort-online-afloat</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Baganda_music|Baganda music]] * [[:en:Bigwala|Bigwala]] * [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] * [[:en:Kidandali|Kidandali]] * [[:en:Ray_G|Ray G]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references responsive="1"></references> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ Feezah Music Uganda - Buy, Download & Listen to Ugandan music worldwide.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221106124925/https://www.kampalafm.com/ List of Top Ugandan Songs.] - Official Ugandan Music Website * [http://www.djerycom.com Download Ugandan Music – ERYCOM] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005155556/https://www.djerycom.com/profiles Full List Of Top Ugandan Artists] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005144850/https://www.djerycom.com/music Most Recently Added Ugandan Music] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005xlb4 BBC: Information about Buganda royal court music.] * [http://www.howwe.biz Howwe] * [http://www.hipipo.com HiPipo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130118091642/http://musicuganda.com/ Music Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100515124508/http://www.uprs.biz/ Uganda Publishing Rights Society] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Peter-Cooke-Uganda Field recordings made in Uganda by ethnomusicologist, Peter Cooke] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Wachsmann Field recordings made in Uganda by ethnomusicologist, Klaus Wachsmann] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Ken-Gourlay-Uganda Field recordings made in by ethnomusicologist, Kenneth Gourlay] nryxvi1k4luv0ahnf2xo3tjuz60y90n 0 8303 63407 54567 2026-07-17T13:18:02Z Kinenkey 10423 Nyongeddemu Amatuluba "Emikutu gya leediyo mu Uganda" 63407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category: Emikutu gya leediyo mu Uganda]] {{Databox}} [[File:King_of_buganda_on_air.jpg|thumb|'''Kabaka wa Buganda''']]  '''CBS FM Buganda''' Mukutu gwa Ladiyo okuweereza mu lulimu [[:en:Luganda|Oluganda]] mu kibuga kya [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="bbc">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14112301</ref> [[Category:Articles using infobox radio station]] == Enkuuka Y’Omwaka == [[File:Cbs_studios.jpg|thumb|Situdiyo z'ayo]] Kino kivvulu ekimalako omwaka nga kitegekebwa aba CBS FM, mu bikujjuko by'omwaka omugya.<ref name="monitor">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Enkuuka-draws-mammoth-crowds/-/691232/2579454/-/5jpvs1z/-/index.html</ref> Enkuka yo Mwaka etikkira omwanguzi w'empaka z'ebibuuzo ebikwata ku Bwakabaka n'ennono za Buganda ezimala ebbanga ery'emyezi mukaaga era ng'ono atuumibwa Omuzira wa Bazira, kileeta wamu abayimbi ba Buganda abasinga mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba. Kigendererwamu okuleeta okunyumirwa, okwesiima wamu n'okusanyuka nga Omutanda tannaba kukulemberamu abagoberezi be mu mwaka omugya mu butongole nga kino kikolebwa n'akabonero ak'ekisumuluzo. Mu kifo kyokugenda mu bifo eby'ebbeeyi ne wooteri ennene mu Uganda, [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka]] agya n'alaba ebiriroriro ebikolebwa saako n'okusanyusibwa kw'abayimbi ng'ali n'abantube ekikolwa ekitwalibwa nga eky'obuntu n'okukwasaganya abantu awamu era nga y'emu ku nsonga lw'aki nnamungi w'omuntu y'eyiwa mu kivvulu kino.<ref name="mo-nitor">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003054340/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="kenyanewsdaily">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2015-03-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150315023327/http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Entanda ya buganda == Entanda ya Buganda pulogulaamu ya ladiyo ey'ebibuuzo ebigendererwamu okutumbula obuwangwa saako n'ennono za Buganda. Okuvuganya kuno kugezesa abakontanyi ku nsonga eziwerako okuva mu Buganda, nga muno mwemuli ebisoko n'engero eby'olulimi Oluganda, eby'obuwangwa, Eby'emizannyo, Eby'obufuzi, n'ebirala bingi, kino kisikiriza abakontanyi abasuuka mu 500 okwetabamu. Omuwangu w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri mu kivvulu ekitegekebwa Kabaka mu lubiri lwe olw'eMengo. Abawanguzi baddayo ewaka n'ebyapa by'ettaka okwo kw'ossa n'ebirabo by'ensimbi. Mukiibi annyonyola nti, “Twatandikawo entanda ya masomero mu masomero era nga eno evugirirwa offiisi ya Nnabagereka. Ffe nga Buganda tukitwala okuba eky'omuwendo, twagala abantu okwenyumiriza n'okuyiga lulimi lw'abwe Oluganda n'obuwangwa okutwaliza awamu. Tulina okukkiriza nti enteekateeka zino zigyakutuyambako mu kukuuma eby'obuwangwa n'obwakabaka.”.<ref name="mo-nitor"/> Omuwanguzi w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri ku mukolo ogutegekebwa Kabaka wa Buganda Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II mu lubiri lwe olw'e Mengo. Abawanguzi abafuna ettaka bazimbyeko amasomero n'abalala bakozeeko ebintu eby'enjawulo eby'enkulakulana.<ref name="kenyanewsdaily"/><ref name="kampalatoday">https://kampalatoday.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/entanda-ya-buganda-is-on/</ref><ref name="kawalyafred">https://kawalyafred.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/entanda-2011/</ref> == CBS PEWOSA Uganda == == Okuggyibwa ku mpewo n'okuggulwawo kwa ladiyo ya CBS == Nga 10 Ogwomwenda 2009, CBS yagyibwa ku mpeewo olw'okukuma omulliro mu bantu. Kino ky'ava pulogulaamu ez'akolebwa omwali okukyaza abantu abaali bavumilira Gavumentisted. Ensonga z'atabuka oluvanyuma lwa Kabaka okuganibwa okugenda eKayunga era kino ky'aviirako okwekalakaasa.<ref name="newv-ision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/710052</ref> Ba kakensa bagezaako okuteekako ebyuma bya situdiyo n'essubi nti CBS enazibwaako ko mpewo, era balekeraawo okuggulawo situdiyo. Olw'olumu, abakozi ba CBS bakungaananga okunyumyamu, okuseka okwegyako ennaku n'okugabana akasente akatono k'ebalina.<ref name="aradiouganda">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005150415/http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="cpj">https://cpj.org/blog/2010/10/ugandan-station-still-closed-an-ill-omen-for-elect.php</ref> Emirimu gya ladiyo egisinga gyasazibwamu nga ebivvulu eby'ali bitegekeddwa saako n'obulango. Mu 2010, sitasoni yaggulwawo n'ate oluvanyuma lw'okuggalwawo okumala omwaka gumu.<ref name="ugandansatheart">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2011-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081356/http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/The-20-year-journey-of-FM-radio-in-Uganda/-/689856/2294296/-/hqp6n0/-/index.html "Olugendo olw'emyaka 20 olwa FM radio mu Uganda"] * [http://bigeye.ug/fm-radio-broadcasting-in-uganda-turns-20-this-month/ "FM Radio eweza emyaka 20 omwezi guno ng'ewereza mu Uganda"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002132/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Veteran--radio-broadcasters---service--awards/-/688334/2624894/-/14vaq2g/-/index.html "Abakozi ba ladiyo abazirwanako basiimibwa olw'obuweereza"] kkekk4ontqyi5ukpc9gmhew820dwsca 63414 63407 2026-07-17T13:33:58Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Wiki-linking 63414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category: Emikutu gya leediyo mu Uganda]] {{Databox}} [[File:King_of_buganda_on_air.jpg|thumb|'''Kabaka wa Buganda''']]  '''CBS FM Buganda''' Mukutu gwa Ladiyo okuweereza mu lulimu [[:lg:Luganda|Oluganda]] mu kibuga kya [[:lg:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="bbc">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14112301</ref> [[Category:Articles using infobox radio station]] == Enkuuka Y’Omwaka == [[File:Cbs_studios.jpg|thumb|Situdiyo z'ayo]] Kino kivvulu ekimalako omwaka nga kitegekebwa aba CBS FM, mu bikujjuko by'omwaka omugya.<ref name="monitor">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Enkuuka-draws-mammoth-crowds/-/691232/2579454/-/5jpvs1z/-/index.html</ref> Enkuka yo Mwaka etikkira omwanguzi w'empaka z'ebibuuzo ebikwata ku Bwakabaka n'ennono za Buganda ezimala ebbanga ery'emyezi mukaaga era ng'ono atuumibwa Omuzira wa Bazira, kileeta wamu abayimbi ba Buganda abasinga mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba. Kigendererwamu okuleeta okunyumirwa, okwesiima wamu n'okusanyuka nga Omutanda tannaba kukulemberamu abagoberezi be mu mwaka omugya mu butongole nga kino kikolebwa n'akabonero ak'ekisumuluzo. Mu kifo kyokugenda mu bifo eby'ebbeeyi ne wooteri ennene mu Uganda, [[:lg:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka]] agya n'alaba ebiriroriro ebikolebwa saako n'okusanyusibwa kw'abayimbi ng'ali n'abantube ekikolwa ekitwalibwa nga eky'obuntu n'okukwasaganya abantu awamu era nga y'emu ku nsonga lw'aki nnamungi w'omuntu y'eyiwa mu kivvulu kino.<ref name="mo-nitor">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003054340/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="kenyanewsdaily">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2015-03-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150315023327/http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Entanda ya buganda == Entanda ya Buganda pulogulaamu ya ladiyo ey'ebibuuzo ebigendererwamu okutumbula obuwangwa saako n'ennono za Buganda. Okuvuganya kuno kugezesa abakontanyi ku nsonga eziwerako okuva mu Buganda, nga muno mwemuli ebisoko n'engero eby'olulimi Oluganda, eby'obuwangwa, Eby'emizannyo, Eby'obufuzi, n'ebirala bingi, kino kisikiriza abakontanyi abasuuka mu 500 okwetabamu. Omuwangu w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri mu kivvulu ekitegekebwa Kabaka mu lubiri lwe olw'eMengo. Abawanguzi baddayo ewaka n'ebyapa by'ettaka okwo kw'ossa n'ebirabo by'ensimbi. Mukiibi annyonyola nti, “Twatandikawo entanda ya masomero mu masomero era nga eno evugirirwa offiisi ya Nnabagereka. Ffe nga Buganda tukitwala okuba eky'omuwendo, twagala abantu okwenyumiriza n'okuyiga lulimi lw'abwe Oluganda n'obuwangwa okutwaliza awamu. Tulina okukkiriza nti enteekateeka zino zigyakutuyambako mu kukuuma eby'obuwangwa n'obwakabaka.”.<ref name="mo-nitor"/> Omuwanguzi w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri ku mukolo ogutegekebwa Kabaka wa Buganda Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II mu lubiri lwe olw'e Mengo. Abawanguzi abafuna ettaka bazimbyeko amasomero n'abalala bakozeeko ebintu eby'enjawulo eby'enkulakulana.<ref name="kenyanewsdaily"/><ref name="kampalatoday">https://kampalatoday.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/entanda-ya-buganda-is-on/</ref><ref name="kawalyafred">https://kawalyafred.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/entanda-2011/</ref> == CBS PEWOSA Uganda == == Okuggyibwa ku mpewo n'okuggulwawo kwa ladiyo ya CBS == Nga 10 Ogwomwenda 2009, CBS yagyibwa ku mpeewo olw'okukuma omulliro mu bantu. Kino ky'ava pulogulaamu ez'akolebwa omwali okukyaza abantu abaali bavumilira Gavumentisted. Ensonga z'atabuka oluvanyuma lwa Kabaka okuganibwa okugenda eKayunga era kino ky'aviirako okwekalakaasa.<ref name="newv-ision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/710052</ref> Ba kakensa bagezaako okuteekako ebyuma bya situdiyo n'essubi nti CBS enazibwaako ko mpewo, era balekeraawo okuggulawo situdiyo. Olw'olumu, abakozi ba CBS bakungaananga okunyumyamu, okuseka okwegyako ennaku n'okugabana akasente akatono k'ebalina.<ref name="aradiouganda">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005150415/http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="cpj">https://cpj.org/blog/2010/10/ugandan-station-still-closed-an-ill-omen-for-elect.php</ref> Emirimu gya ladiyo egisinga gyasazibwamu nga ebivvulu eby'ali bitegekeddwa saako n'obulango. Mu 2010, sitasoni yaggulwawo n'ate oluvanyuma lw'okuggalwawo okumala omwaka gumu.<ref name="ugandansatheart">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2011-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081356/http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}[[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/The-20-year-journey-of-FM-radio-in-Uganda/-/689856/2294296/-/hqp6n0/-/index.html "Olugendo olw'emyaka 20 olwa FM radio mu Uganda"] * [http://bigeye.ug/fm-radio-broadcasting-in-uganda-turns-20-this-month/ "FM Radio eweza emyaka 20 omwezi guno ng'ewereza mu Uganda"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002132/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Veteran--radio-broadcasters---service--awards/-/688334/2624894/-/14vaq2g/-/index.html "Abakozi ba ladiyo abazirwanako basiimibwa olw'obuweereza"] d79nlgr2kdiz8f6qdf5d3ouwnaqgx2r 63416 63414 2026-07-17T13:35:50Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza wiki-linking 63416 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category: Emikutu gya leediyo mu Uganda]] {{Databox}} [[File:King_of_buganda_on_air.jpg|thumb|'''Kabaka wa Buganda''']]  '''CBS FM Buganda''' Mukutu gwa Ladiyo okuweereza mu lulimu [[:lg:Luganda|Oluganda]] mu kibuga kya [[:lg:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="bbc">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14112301</ref> [[Category:Articles using infobox radio station]] == Enkuuka Y’Omwaka == [[File:Cbs_studios.jpg|thumb|Situdiyo z'ayo]] Kino kivvulu ekimalako omwaka nga kitegekebwa aba CBS FM, mu bikujjuko by'omwaka omugya.<ref name="monitor">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Enkuuka-draws-mammoth-crowds/-/691232/2579454/-/5jpvs1z/-/index.html</ref> Enkuka yo Mwaka etikkira omwanguzi w'empaka z'ebibuuzo ebikwata ku Bwakabaka n'ennono za Buganda ezimala ebbanga ery'emyezi mukaaga era ng'ono atuumibwa Omuzira wa Bazira, kileeta wamu abayimbi ba Buganda abasinga mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba. Kigendererwamu okuleeta okunyumirwa, okwesiima wamu n'okusanyuka nga Omutanda tannaba kukulemberamu abagoberezi be mu mwaka omugya mu butongole nga kino kikolebwa n'akabonero ak'ekisumuluzo. Mu kifo kyokugenda mu bifo eby'ebbeeyi ne wooteri ennene mu Uganda, [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] agya n'alaba ebiriroriro ebikolebwa saako n'okusanyusibwa kw'abayimbi ng'ali n'abantube ekikolwa ekitwalibwa nga eky'obuntu n'okukwasaganya abantu awamu era nga y'emu ku nsonga lw'aki nnamungi w'omuntu y'eyiwa mu kivvulu kino.<ref name="mo-nitor">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003054340/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="kenyanewsdaily">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2015-03-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150315023327/http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Entanda ya buganda == Entanda ya Buganda pulogulaamu ya ladiyo ey'ebibuuzo ebigendererwamu okutumbula obuwangwa saako n'ennono za Buganda. Okuvuganya kuno kugezesa abakontanyi ku nsonga eziwerako okuva mu Buganda, nga muno mwemuli ebisoko n'engero eby'olulimi Oluganda, eby'obuwangwa, Eby'emizannyo, Eby'obufuzi, n'ebirala bingi, kino kisikiriza abakontanyi abasuuka mu 500 okwetabamu. Omuwangu w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri mu kivvulu ekitegekebwa Kabaka mu lubiri lwe olw'eMengo. Abawanguzi baddayo ewaka n'ebyapa by'ettaka okwo kw'ossa n'ebirabo by'ensimbi. Mukiibi annyonyola nti, “Twatandikawo entanda ya masomero mu masomero era nga eno evugirirwa offiisi ya Nnabagereka. Ffe nga Buganda tukitwala okuba eky'omuwendo, twagala abantu okwenyumiriza n'okuyiga lulimi lw'abwe Oluganda n'obuwangwa okutwaliza awamu. Tulina okukkiriza nti enteekateeka zino zigyakutuyambako mu kukuuma eby'obuwangwa n'obwakabaka.”.<ref name="mo-nitor"/> Omuwanguzi w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri ku mukolo ogutegekebwa Kabaka wa Buganda Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II mu lubiri lwe olw'e Mengo. Abawanguzi abafuna ettaka bazimbyeko amasomero n'abalala bakozeeko ebintu eby'enjawulo eby'enkulakulana.<ref name="kenyanewsdaily"/><ref name="kampalatoday">https://kampalatoday.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/entanda-ya-buganda-is-on/</ref><ref name="kawalyafred">https://kawalyafred.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/entanda-2011/</ref> == CBS PEWOSA Uganda == == Okuggyibwa ku mpewo n'okuggulwawo kwa ladiyo ya CBS == Nga 10 Ogwomwenda 2009, CBS yagyibwa ku mpeewo olw'okukuma omulliro mu bantu. Kino ky'ava pulogulaamu ez'akolebwa omwali okukyaza abantu abaali bavumilira Gavumentisted. Ensonga z'atabuka oluvanyuma lwa Kabaka okuganibwa okugenda eKayunga era kino ky'aviirako okwekalakaasa.<ref name="newv-ision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/710052</ref> Ba kakensa bagezaako okuteekako ebyuma bya situdiyo n'essubi nti CBS enazibwaako ko mpewo, era balekeraawo okuggulawo situdiyo. Olw'olumu, abakozi ba CBS bakungaananga okunyumyamu, okuseka okwegyako ennaku n'okugabana akasente akatono k'ebalina.<ref name="aradiouganda">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005150415/http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="cpj">https://cpj.org/blog/2010/10/ugandan-station-still-closed-an-ill-omen-for-elect.php</ref> Emirimu gya ladiyo egisinga gyasazibwamu nga ebivvulu eby'ali bitegekeddwa saako n'obulango. Mu 2010, sitasoni yaggulwawo n'ate oluvanyuma lw'okuggalwawo okumala omwaka gumu.<ref name="ugandansatheart">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2011-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081356/http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}[[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/The-20-year-journey-of-FM-radio-in-Uganda/-/689856/2294296/-/hqp6n0/-/index.html "Olugendo olw'emyaka 20 olwa FM radio mu Uganda"] * [http://bigeye.ug/fm-radio-broadcasting-in-uganda-turns-20-this-month/ "FM Radio eweza emyaka 20 omwezi guno ng'ewereza mu Uganda"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002132/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Veteran--radio-broadcasters---service--awards/-/688334/2624894/-/14vaq2g/-/index.html "Abakozi ba ladiyo abazirwanako basiimibwa olw'obuweereza"] 2h3pngb1off295xi9q5tj5vl5z1udgv 63419 63416 2026-07-17T13:38:30Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Empanddika 63419 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category: Emikutu gya leediyo mu Uganda]] {{Databox}} [[File:King_of_buganda_on_air.jpg|thumb|'''Kabaka wa Buganda''']]  '''CBS FM Buganda''' Mukutu gwa Ladiyo oguweereza mu lulimu [[:lg:Luganda|Oluganda]] mu kibuga kya [[:lg:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="bbc">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14112301</ref> [[Category:Articles using infobox radio station]] == Enkuuka Y’Omwaka == [[File:Cbs_studios.jpg|thumb|Situdiyo z'ayo]] Kino kivvulu ekimalako omwaka nga kitegekebwa aba CBS FM, mu bikujjuko by'omwaka omugya.<ref name="monitor">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Enkuuka-draws-mammoth-crowds/-/691232/2579454/-/5jpvs1z/-/index.html</ref> Enkuka yo Mwaka etikkira omwanguzi w'empaka z'ebibuuzo ebikwata ku Bwakabaka n'ennono za Buganda ezimala ebbanga ery'emyezi mukaaga era ng'ono atuumibwa Omuzira wa Bazira, kileeta wamu abayimbi ba Buganda abasinga mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba. Kigendererwamu okuleeta okunyumirwa, okwesiima wamu n'okusanyuka nga Omutanda tannaba kukulemberamu abagoberezi be mu mwaka omugya mu butongole nga kino kikolebwa n'akabonero ak'ekisumuluzo. Mu kifo kyokugenda mu bifo eby'ebbeeyi ne wooteri ennene mu Uganda, [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] agya n'alaba ebiriroriro ebikolebwa saako n'okusanyusibwa kw'abayimbi ng'ali n'abantube ekikolwa ekitwalibwa nga eky'obuntu n'okukwasaganya abantu awamu era nga y'emu ku nsonga lw'aki nnamungi w'omuntu y'eyiwa mu kivvulu kino.<ref name="mo-nitor">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003054340/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Social-events-that-keep-Buganda-alive-/-/691232/1926692/-/uwy4kqz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="kenyanewsdaily">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2015-03-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150315023327/http://kenyanewsdaily.com/buganda-new-years-carnival-includes-quiz-competition-performances-and-skype-diaspora-connection/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Entanda ya buganda == Entanda ya Buganda pulogulaamu ya ladiyo ey'ebibuuzo ebigendererwamu okutumbula obuwangwa saako n'ennono za Buganda. Okuvuganya kuno kugezesa abakontanyi ku nsonga eziwerako okuva mu Buganda, nga muno mwemuli ebisoko n'engero eby'olulimi Oluganda, eby'obuwangwa, Eby'emizannyo, Eby'obufuzi, n'ebirala bingi, kino kisikiriza abakontanyi abasuuka mu 500 okwetabamu. Omuwangu w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri mu kivvulu ekitegekebwa Kabaka mu lubiri lwe olw'eMengo. Abawanguzi baddayo ewaka n'ebyapa by'ettaka okwo kw'ossa n'ebirabo by'ensimbi. Mukiibi annyonyola nti, “Twatandikawo entanda ya masomero mu masomero era nga eno evugirirwa offiisi ya Nnabagereka. Ffe nga Buganda tukitwala okuba eky'omuwendo, twagala abantu okwenyumiriza n'okuyiga lulimi lw'abwe Oluganda n'obuwangwa okutwaliza awamu. Tulina okukkiriza nti enteekateeka zino zigyakutuyambako mu kukuuma eby'obuwangwa n'obwakabaka.”.<ref name="mo-nitor"/> Omuwanguzi w'empaka zino aweebwa engule nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri ku mukolo ogutegekebwa Kabaka wa Buganda Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II mu lubiri lwe olw'e Mengo. Abawanguzi abafuna ettaka bazimbyeko amasomero n'abalala bakozeeko ebintu eby'enjawulo eby'enkulakulana.<ref name="kenyanewsdaily"/><ref name="kampalatoday">https://kampalatoday.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/entanda-ya-buganda-is-on/</ref><ref name="kawalyafred">https://kawalyafred.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/entanda-2011/</ref> == CBS PEWOSA Uganda == == Okuggyibwa ku mpewo n'okuggulwawo kwa ladiyo ya CBS == Nga 10 Ogwomwenda 2009, CBS yagyibwa ku mpeewo olw'okukuma omulliro mu bantu. Kino ky'ava pulogulaamu ez'akolebwa omwali okukyaza abantu abaali bavumilira Gavumentisted. Ensonga z'atabuka oluvanyuma lwa Kabaka okuganibwa okugenda eKayunga era kino ky'aviirako okwekalakaasa.<ref name="newv-ision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/710052</ref> Ba kakensa bagezaako okuteekako ebyuma bya situdiyo n'essubi nti CBS enazibwaako ko mpewo, era balekeraawo okuggulawo situdiyo. Olw'olumu, abakozi ba CBS bakungaananga okunyumyamu, okuseka okwegyako ennaku n'okugabana akasente akatono k'ebalina.<ref name="aradiouganda">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2016-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005150415/http://aradiouganda.com/cbs-fm-closure-was-a-real-shocker-in-ugandan-media-industry/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="cpj">https://cpj.org/blog/2010/10/ugandan-station-still-closed-an-ill-omen-for-elect.php</ref> Emirimu gya ladiyo egisinga gyasazibwamu nga ebivvulu eby'ali bitegekeddwa saako n'obulango. Mu 2010, sitasoni yaggulwawo n'ate oluvanyuma lw'okuggalwawo okumala omwaka gumu.<ref name="ugandansatheart">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |archive-date=2011-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081356/http://ugandansatheart.org/2010/10/28/how-the-closurereopening-of-cbs-exposed-buganda%E2%80%99s-most-sly-enemies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}[[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/The-20-year-journey-of-FM-radio-in-Uganda/-/689856/2294296/-/hqp6n0/-/index.html "Olugendo olw'emyaka 20 olwa FM radio mu Uganda"] * [http://bigeye.ug/fm-radio-broadcasting-in-uganda-turns-20-this-month/ "FM Radio eweza emyaka 20 omwezi guno ng'ewereza mu Uganda"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002132/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Veteran--radio-broadcasters---service--awards/-/688334/2624894/-/14vaq2g/-/index.html "Abakozi ba ladiyo abazirwanako basiimibwa olw'obuweereza"] cd79bcs5ogctzqkommn6rfig7lqafn6 0 8507 63421 48497 2026-07-17T13:41:01Z Timothy Minister 11393 Ntereezezza ebiba ebibiri ebisooka 63421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Aisha "'''Lady Aisha"''' Kyomuhangi Munnayuganda omuzannyi omukyala, omuyimbi era omufulumya w'ebiyiiye oba firimu. Ono alabikidde mu firimu eziwerako omuli ''Kigenya Agenya era ng'a''li mu kibiina ky'abazannyi ekimu ku bikasangwawo mu Uganda ekya Bakayimbira Dramactors.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018082155/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1143485/unveiling-lady-aisha</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/38636-kazakhstan-one-country-two-continents |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019233519/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/38636-kazakhstan-one-country-two-continents |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Aisha azannyidde ebbanga erisoba mu myaka amakumi abiri. Ono akoze ku firimu ez'enjawulo omuli ''The Last King of Scotland''. Ono amanyiddwa nnyo olw'ebitundu by'azannya mu series z'oku ttivvi za Uganda omuli ''Byansi'', ''The Honorables'' ne ''Mistakes Galz Do'' eziragibwa ku NTV ne Pearl Magic. Mu 2019, yafulumya firimu ye eyasookera ddala eyitibwa ''Kemi'' era ye yali omuzannyi eyatwala erinnya lya firimu eyo lyennyini gye yafulumiza mu kkampuni ye efulumya firimu eya Faisha Pictures International.<ref>https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/movie-review-kemi-the-final-tragedy/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2020-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911205607/https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2020-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911205607/https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ono yalondebwa ng'[[Katemba w'oku ttivvi|omukyala akyasinze okuzannya mu Katemba w'oku ttivvi]] ayitibwa ''The Honourablez''<ref>https://www.pmldaily.com/features/celebrity/2019/11/full-list-ucc-releases-list-of-movies-nominated-for-uganda-film-festival-awards-2019.html</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://ugandafilmfestival.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/UFF-2019-NOMINEES-full-page-ad1.pdf |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124103151/https://ugandafilmfestival.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/UFF-2019-NOMINEES-full-page-ad1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Grand Imperial Hotel Front view.jpg|thumb|Grand Imperial Hotel Kampala. Grand Imperial Hotel is one of the oldest hotels in Kampala. Built during the colonial era.]] Kyomuhangi yatongoza alubaamu ye eyasookera ddala eyitibwa Onsiibya mu Ssanyu mu Gwomunaana 2006 ku Grand Imperial Hotel. == Obulamu bwe == Mukyala muzadde era alina omwana omu era nga mufumbo eri muzannyi munne Charles Ssenkubuge.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1217122/it-eur-okay-wife</ref> == Okuzannya kwe == === Firimu === * ''Kemi - The Final Tragedy(2019)'' === Egy'oku siteegi === * ''Embagga ya Kony'' * ''Ekijjomanyi (The Mosquitoes)'' * ''Enyana Ekutudde''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14680:bakayimbira-afri-talent-in-enyana-ekutudde |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212135316/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14680:bakayimbira-afri-talent-in-enyana-ekutudde |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Ndiwulira''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=28797:ndiwulira-back-on-time |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212135318/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=28797:ndiwulira-back-on-time |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Egy'oku ttivvi == * ''[[:en:The_Honourables|The Honourables]]''<ref>https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201707/features/honourablez-baring-excesses-mps.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://uccinfo.blog/2019/11/08/nominations-list-uff2019/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2021-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024212159/https://uccinfo.blog/2019/11/08/nominations-list-uff2019/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ennyimba ze == * ''Onsiibya Mussanyu'' * ''Wenga (2010)'' * ''Kanelage (2010)'' ft Miss Vanilla * ''Sili fala (2012)'' * ''Ma Sheri (2018)'' == Ebirabo by'awangudde == === Gy'alondeddwa okwetaba mu mpaka === * ''Best New artist''- 2002 [[:en:Pearl_of_Africa_Music_Awards|Pearl of Africa Music Awards]] (PAM)<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1141246/pam-awards-nods-boost-artistes</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1141246/pam-awards-nods-boost-artistes</ref> * ''Best actress in TV drama - [[:en:The_Honourables|The Honourables]]''<ref name="auto"/> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == External links == * Aisha Kyomuhangi at IMDb * Aisha Kyomuhangi on Instagram {{DEFAULTSORT:Kyomuhangi, Aisha}} kix45a96bxyy0wm8wxpy7x0nout4h8t 63425 63421 2026-07-17T13:49:13Z Timothy Minister 11393 Ntereezezza byonna bye ndabyemu 63425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Aisha "'''Lady Aisha"''' Kyomuhangi Munnayuganda omuzannyi omukyala, omuyimbi era omufulumya w'ebiyiiye oba firimu. Ono alabikidde mu firimu eziwerako omuli ''Kigenya Agenya era ng'a''li mu kibiina ky'abazannyi ekimu ku bikasangwawo mu Uganda ekya Bakayimbira Dramactors.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018082155/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1143485/unveiling-lady-aisha</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/38636-kazakhstan-one-country-two-continents |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019233519/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/38636-kazakhstan-one-country-two-continents |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Aisha azannyidde ebbanga erisoba mu myaka amakumi abiri. Ono akoze ku firimu ez'enjawulo omuli ''The Last King of Scotland''. Ono amanyiddwa nnyo olw'ebitundu by'azannya mu series z'oku ttivvi za Uganda omuli ''Byansi'', ''The Honorables'' ne ''Mistakes Galz Do'' eziragibwa ku NTV ne Pearl Magic. Mu 2019, yafulumya firimu ye eyasookera ddala eyitibwa ''Kemi'' era ye yali omuzannyi eyatwala erinnya lya firimu eyo lyennyini gye yafulumiza mu kkampuni ye efulumya firimu eya Faisha Pictures International.<ref>https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/movie-review-kemi-the-final-tragedy/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2020-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911205607/https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2020-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911205607/https://glimug.com/kemi-the-final-tragedy-set-to-premier-on-womens-day-meet-the-women-behind-this-film/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ono yalondebwa ng'[[Katemba w'oku ttivvi|omukyala akyasinze okuzannya mu Katemba w'oku ttivvi]] ayitibwa ''The Honourablez''<ref>https://www.pmldaily.com/features/celebrity/2019/11/full-list-ucc-releases-list-of-movies-nominated-for-uganda-film-festival-awards-2019.html</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://ugandafilmfestival.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/UFF-2019-NOMINEES-full-page-ad1.pdf |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124103151/https://ugandafilmfestival.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/UFF-2019-NOMINEES-full-page-ad1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Grand Imperial Hotel Front view.jpg|thumb|Grand Imperial Hotel Kampala. Grand Imperial Hotel is one of the oldest hotels in Kampala. Built during the colonial era.]] Kyomuhangi yatongoza alubaamu ye eyasookera ddala eyitibwa Onsiibya mu Ssanyu mu Gwomunaana 2006 ku Grand Imperial Hotel. == Obulamu bwe == Mukyala muzadde era alina abaana babiri era nga mufumbo eri muzannyi munne Charles Ssenkubuge.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1217122/it-eur-okay-wife</ref> == Okuzannya kwe == === Firimu === * ''Kemi - The Final Tragedy (2019)'' === Egy'oku siteegi === * ''Embagga ya Kony'' * ''Ekijjomanyi (The Mosquitoes)'' * ''Enyana Ekutudde''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14680:bakayimbira-afri-talent-in-enyana-ekutudde |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212135316/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14680:bakayimbira-afri-talent-in-enyana-ekutudde |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Ndiwulira''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=28797:ndiwulira-back-on-time |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212135318/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=28797:ndiwulira-back-on-time |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Egy'oku ttivvi == * ''[[:en:The_Honourables|The Honourables]]''<ref>https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201707/features/honourablez-baring-excesses-mps.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://uccinfo.blog/2019/11/08/nominations-list-uff2019/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2021-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024212159/https://uccinfo.blog/2019/11/08/nominations-list-uff2019/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ennyimba ze == * ''Onsiibya Mussanyu'' * ''Wenga (2010)'' * ''Kanelage (2010)'' ft Miss Vanilla * ''Sili fala (2012)'' * ''Ma Sheri (2018)'' == Ebirabo by'awangudde == === Gy'alondeddwa okwetaba mu mpaka === * ''Best New artist''- 2002 [[:en:Pearl_of_Africa_Music_Awards|Pearl of Africa Music Awards]] (PAM)<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1141246/pam-awards-nods-boost-artistes</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1141246/pam-awards-nods-boost-artistes</ref> * ''Best actress in TV drama - [[:en:The_Honourables|The Honourables]]''<ref name="auto"/> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == External links == * Aisha Kyomuhangi at IMDb * Aisha Kyomuhangi on Instagram {{DEFAULTSORT:Kyomuhangi, Aisha}} i4uz1clh06aq43ehri9l57rdkcv69zb 0 10149 63499 57591 2026-07-18T00:24:43Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zahara Nampewo''', [[Munnayuganda]] munnamateeka, mulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu era munnabyanjigiriza. Ye Nnenkulu w'ekitongole ekya Human Rights and Peace Centre (HURIPEC) ku bbanguliro ly'abannamateeka erya Makerere University School of Law, mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene.<ref name="Bio">{{cite web |author=HURIPEC |date=14 November 2017 |title=Makerere University:Human Rights and Peace Centre (HURIPEC): HURIPEC Staff: Director, Dr. Zahara Nampewo |url=http://huripec.mak.ac.ug/staff.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013060949/http://www.huripec.mak.ac.ug/staff.html |archive-date=13 October 2018 |access-date=14 November 2017 |publisher=[[Makerere University|HURIPEC, School of Law, Makerere University]] (HURIPEC) |location=Kampala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kajoba |first=Nicholas |date=15 October 2015 |title=Tolerate Each Other, Makerere University Don Tells Parties |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1410497/tolerate-muk-tells-parties |access-date=14 November 2017 |newspaper=[[New Vision (newspaper)|New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Zahara Nampewo alina olukalala luwanvu olw'ebyenjigiriza mu by'amateeka ne mu by'eddembe ly'obuntu. Alina diguli mu mateeka eya [[Bachelor of Laws]] okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]], mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene. Alina ne dipulooma mu kutaputa amateeka eya [[Diploma in Legal Practice]], gye yafuna okuva mu Ttendekero ly'abannamateeka erya [[Law Development Centre]], nga nalyo lisangibwa mu Kampala.<ref name="Bio" /><ref name="Ac">{{cite web |author=MUSLAW |date=2016 |title=Profile of Dr. Zahara Nampewo, School of Law, Makerere University |url=http://www.law.mak.ac.ug/users/zahara-nampewo |access-date=14 November 2017 |publisher=[[Makerere University|Makerere University, School of Law]] (MUSLAW) |location=Kampala |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925211832/http://www.law.mak.ac.ug/users/zahara-nampewo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Diploma ye mu kukuuma n'okulwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu eya [[Etteeka ly'eddembe ly'obuntu|Advanced Human Rights Protection]] yagifuna okuva mu [[:en:Abo_Akademi_University|Abo Akademi University]], mu Turku, [[Finilandi|Finland]]. Alina ne diguli ey'okubiri mu Mateeka, ku [[ddembe ly'obuntu]], eyamuweebwa [[:en:University_of_Nottingham|University of Nottingham]] mu Bungereza. [[:en:Doctor_of_Juridical_Science|Doctor of Juridical Science]] yafuna okuva mu [[:en:Emory_University|Emory University]] mu [[:en:Atlanta,_Georgia|Atlanta, Georgia]], [[:en:United_States|United States]]. == Emirimu gye == Nga tanayingira Yunivasite ya Makerere mu 2006, yakolanga nga munnamateeka omukulu mu kitongole ekirwanirizi ky'eddembe ekya Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI), ekitongole ky'obwa nakyeewa ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu, ekisangibwa mu [[Nsambya]],ekitundu ekiriraanye Kampala. Era yakolanga ng'omukugu mu nsonga ez'obwenkanya obwesigamiziddwa ku kikula mu kitongole ekya [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Fund_for_Women United Nations Development Fund for Women] mu [[Liberiya|Liberia]]. Amangu nga tanayingira Makerere, yakolerako ekitongole kya [[Danish International Development Agency]] (DANIDA), ng'omukwanaganya w'enteekateeka ya Access to Justice. Mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]], Nampewo asomesa mateeka era yakulira HURIPEC, ettendekero eliri wansi w'essomero ly'amateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://huripec.mak.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401115328/https://huripec.mak.ac.ug/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=HURIPEC |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakuguka nnyo mu kulwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu n'eddembe mu kikula era asomesa ku kugonjoola obutategeeragana, International Humanitarian Law, etteeka ku kikula, etteeka ku by'obulamu, n'etteeka ku famire. Yafulumya ebitabo bingi mu mpapula z'amawulire ku nsonga eno n'emiramwa egikyekusaako.<ref name="Ac2">{{cite web |author=MUSLAW |date=2016 |title=Profile of Dr. Zahara Nampewo, School of Law, Makerere University |url=http://www.law.mak.ac.ug/users/zahara-nampewo |access-date=14 November 2017 |publisher=[[Makerere University|Makerere University, School of Law]] (MUSLAW) |location=Kampala |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925211832/http://www.law.mak.ac.ug/users/zahara-nampewo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebirala eby'okulowoozaako == Dr. Zahara Nampewo y'akulira ekitongole kya Governance and Public Policy Research Center, ekitongole ekya [[Think Tank]], ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web |author=GPRC |date=23 February 2014 |title=Zahara Nampewo: Director, The Governance and Public Policy Research Center |url=http://www.gprcuganda.org/content/zahara-nampewo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115020909/http://www.gprcuganda.org/content/zahara-nampewo |archive-date=15 November 2017 |access-date=14 November 2017 |publisher=The Governance and Public Policy Research Center (GPRC) |location=Kampala}}</ref> Era ssentebe w'akakiiko ka Chapter Four Uganda n'ekitongole kya Uganda Lawyers for Human Rights (ULHR).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Zahara Nampewo {{!}} Chapter Four |url=https://chapterfouruganda.org/team/board/dr-zahara-nampewo |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=chapterfouruganda.org}}</ref>0 == Laba ne == * [[Sylvia Tamale]] * [[:en:Sarah_Ssali|Sarah Ssali]] * [[Barbara Ntambirweki]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401115328/https://huripec.mak.ac.ug/ Omukutu gwa webusayiti gwa Human Rights and Peace Centre (HURIPEC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401105845/https://observer.ug/news/headlines/55928-scholars-expose-massive-flaws-in-land-commission.html Abeekenneenya balaga obunafu obw'amaanyi mu] kakiiko k'ettaka okuva nga 13 November 2017. [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasiraamu]] 1ecy2zk58j57b24j32ioou4mmeh5q0m 0 10564 63453 42011 2026-07-17T18:02:36Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63453 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rita Aciro''' Munnayuganda [[:en:Human_rights_defender|omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abantu]] era Executive Director wa [[:en:Uganda_Women's_Network|Uganda Women's Network]] (UWONET). Ye yafuna engule ya 2021 [[:en:European_Union|European Union]] Human Rights Defenders Award.<ref name=":0">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/100218</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://ngoforum.or.ug/2021/05/03/rita-aciro-scoops-2021-eu-human-rights-defenders-award |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413132031/https://ngoforum.or.ug/2021/05/03/rita-aciro-scoops-2021-eu-human-rights-defenders-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.kfm.co.ug/news/ugandas-rita-aciro-wins-eu-rights-defenders-award.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628032051/https://www.kfm.co.ug/news/ugandas-rita-aciro-wins-eu-rights-defenders-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/aciro-wins-eu-human-rights-defenders-award-2021-3392584</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/news/2021-08-01-uwonets-aciro-scoops-eu-human-rights-defenders-award/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515125818/https://capitalradio.co.ug/news/2021-08-01-uwonets-aciro-scoops-eu-human-rights-defenders-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebimukwatako n'emisomo == Aciro yatandika emisomo gye ku Reparatrix Boarding schoolmu Bugonge [[:en:Entebbe|Entebbe]], oluvanyuma yegatta ku [[:en:Kololo|Kololo]] secondary school okusoma emisomo gya siniya.<ref name=":4">https://www.independent.co.ug/rita-aciro-passion-empowering-women/</ref> Yayingira [[:en:Uganda_Women's_Network|Uganda women's network]] (UWONET) nga intern mu mwaka gwa 1997.<ref name=":4"/> == Emirimu == Aciro akoze n'entababuvo ne Gavumenti mu [[:en:East_Africa|East Africa]] ku nsonga ezikwaata ku bukulembeze bwa bawala n'abakazi, eddembe ly'abakyaala ku bye taka, okulwanisa [[:en:Gender_based_violence|gender based violence]], okuzimba eddembe mu bakazi, okusomesa abantu ku by'okulonda n'okwetegereza eby'okulonda.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":5">https://www.independent.co.ug/women-demand-permanent-sexual-gender-based-violence-court-to-curb-crimes/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/lining-up-exposed-irregularities-in-nrm-primaries-election-observers/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1341877</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://peacewomen.org/content/uganda-ngo-train-women-candidates |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408095405/http://peacewomen.org/content/uganda-ngo-train-women-candidates |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210729223224/https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/2844/uwonet-lobbies-gbv-funding</ref><ref>https://chimpreports.com/stop-pulling-each-other-down-women-urged/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/women-demand-permanent-sexual-gender-based-violence-court-to-curb-crimes/</ref> Alina obumayi obusoba mu myaka 20 mu kubeera omukulembeze wa [[:en:Advocacy|advocacy]] n'okulwanirira eddembe ly'abakyaala n'abawala.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":5"/><ref name=":3"/> Mu 2021 engule ya European Union Human Rights Defenders, eweebwa Omunnayuganda omulwanirizi w'eddembe buli mwaka, yasiima ebikolwa bye eri eddembe ly'abakyaala n'abakazi mu Uganda n'okulwanira [[:en:Human_rights|eddembe ly'abantu]] ne [[:en:Democratic_values|democratic values]].<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":0"/> <ref>https://chimpreports.com/parish-model-could-fail-due-to-shrinking-civic-space-activist/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 555ih3kg5tsbenulq6ymtduz3s86dha 0 10810 63484 63284 2026-07-17T20:32:41Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Joseph Tamale Mirundi''' ( yazaalibwa nga 30 Ogwomukaaga 1964 - n'afa nga 13 Agwomunaana, 2024) yali munnamawulire, omuwandiisi era [[omwekenneenya w'ebyobufuzi]] owa Uganda eyalabikira ku ttivvi eziwerako nga NBS ne STV n'emikutu emirala egy'ebyempuliziganya gamba nga leediyo n'emikutu gya 'Social Media ng'asunsula ensonga z'ebyebyobufuzi n'ebikwata ku bantu. Okugeza nga ku Pulogulaamu ya Sharp Talk with Tamale Mirunda ku STV.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-14|title=Hours after quitting NBS, Kazibwe Bashir teams up with Tamale Mirundi for new political show on STV|url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20200714/96328/hours-after-quitting-nbs-kazibwe-bashir-teams-up-with-tamale-mirundi-for-new-political-show-on-stv.html|access-date=2020-07-19|website=Watchdog Uganda|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mu 2022, Tamale yatandikawo olupapula lw'amawulire ku yintaneeti mwe yafulumizanga amawulire agaayitibwanga Kab News. Yakolako ku [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS Television]] ku pulogulaamu eyitibwa One on One.<ref>{{Cite web|title=One-on-One with Tamale – NBS Television|url=https://nbs.ug/category/one-on-one-with-tamale/|access-date=2020-06-06|language=en-US|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226193716/https://nbs.ug/category/one-on-one-with-tamale/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamale Mirundi Archives|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/tag/tamale-mirundi/|access-date=2020-06-06|website=Nile Post|language=en-US}}</ref> Ate mu 2021, yeegatta ku STV Uganda ng'aweereza ku pulogulaamu ya The Sharp Talk n'Embuga eyalagibwanga emirundi ebiri mu wiiki.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Sharp Talk With Tamale Mirundi, Reveals More Shocking Information|date=November 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ek6hfOuZ1zE|access-date=2024-01-26|language=en}}</ref> Yali mukungu eyali avunaanyizibwa ku by’empuliziganya n’amawulire ebya Pulezidenti,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Okuda|first=Ivan|date=2015-07-27|title=Story behind Tamale Mirundi's sacking|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Story-behind-Tamale-Mirundi-s-sacking/688334-2810636-ujslag/index.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=Daily Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lumu|first1=David|last2=Anyango|first2=Aida|title=My contract has expired, says Tamale Mirundi|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1303732/contract-expired-tamale-mirundi|website=www.newvision.co.ug|publisher=[[New Vision Group]]|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604193037/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1303732/contract-expired-tamale-mirundi|archive-date=4 June 2020|language=en|date=24 Jul 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> era omuwi w'amagezi we ku mikutu gy'amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uganda|first=Flash|date=2020-01-08|title=Biography of Joseph Tamale Mirundi: Everything you need to Know|url=https://flashugnews.com/joseph-tamale-mirundi-biography-early-life-family-politics-and-education/|access-date=2020-06-04|website=Flash Uganda Media|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-25|title=Tamale Mirundi 'Demoted'|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tamale-mirundi-demoted/|access-date=2020-06-06|work=The Independent|location=Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Joseph Tamale Mirundi ajjukirwa nga munnamawulire omuvumu eyavumirira abali mu buyinza b'alaba nga tebakola bulungi ne kireetawo abantu bangi okwogera ku ndowooza ze n'obukuubagano obw'enjawulo. Tamale yaliko omuwandiisi w'olupapula lwa Munno nga tannafuuka munnamawulire omutendeke.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ortega|first=Ian|date=2013-01-06|title=Tamale Mirundi: Ripping open the motor-mouthed politician|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/TAMALE-MIRUNDI--RIPPING-OPEN-THE-MOTOR-MOUTHED-POLITICIAN/691232-1659046-hitnpu/index.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=Daily Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Mu 2017, yayimirizibwa ku pulogulaamu ya One On One olw’okukozesa olulimi oluvuma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1453172/nbs-trouble-tamale-mirundi|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.newvision.co.ug|title=NBS in trouble over Tamale Mirundi show}}</ref> [[Abakulembeze ba Uganda|Pulezidenti]] [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] (Pulezidenti wa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] ) yamuwa ekirabo ky'emmotoka empya ng'amusiima olw’emirimu gye ey'amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-26|title=Rewarded! Museveni hands Tamale Mirundi brand new car as controversial presidential assistant puts one over 'mafia'|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/02/museveni-gifts-tamale-mirundi-brand-new-car-over-his-stance-on-mafia-dealings.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-25|title=Museveni gifts Tamale Mirundi with monster 300m ride|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/02/25/president-museveni-gifts-tamale-mirundi-with-monster-300m-ride/|access-date=2020-06-06|website=Nile Post|language=en-US}}</ref> Mirundi yalagula n'okugwa kwa [[Eric Sakwa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=klasun_admin|title=How Tamale Mirundi, Besigye, Bobi Wine predicted Sakwa's downfall {{!}} Kampala Sun|url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/08/how-tamale-mirundi-besigye-bobi-wine-predicted-sakwas-downfall/|access-date=2020-06-06|language=en-US|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606034233/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/08/how-tamale-mirundi-besigye-bobi-wine-predicted-sakwas-downfall/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TAMALE MIRUNDI ku kukwatibwa kwa RDC w'e Jinja Eric Sakwa|url=http://www.thtube.pro/video-6616283052656282447561|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.thtube.pro|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606035301/https://www.thtube.pro/video-6616283052656282447561|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ono era yalagula nti ekibiina kya [[People Power, Our Power]] ekya [[Bobi Wine]] kyali kya kufuna ebifo ebiwera mu Paalamenti mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-14|title=Tamale Mirundi predicts 'People Power' will dominate Parliament in 2021|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/01/tamale-mirundi-predicts-people-power-will-dominate-parliament-in-2021.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2015, mukyala we omukulu, Juliet Nassimbwa yayagala okwawukana naye olw’obutakkaanya mu byobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-19 |title=Tamale Mirundi Separating With One of His Wives |url=https://bigeye.ug/breaking-tamale-mirundi-separating-with-one-of-his-wives/ |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalumiriza nti yali yaweebwa obutwa mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-24 |title=I was poisoned and I know who did it, says Tamale Mirundi |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/12/24/i-was-poisoned-and-i-know-who-did-it-says-tamale-mirundi/ |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Ono era yatwalibwako mu kkooti nga munnamateeka Mabirizi amuvunaana okutyoboola erinnya lye.<ref>{{Cite web |last=URN |date=26 March 2019 |title=Mabirizi drags Tamale Mirundi to court for defamation |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/60229-mabirizi-drags-tamale-mirundi-to-court-for-defamation |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Mu 2015, abalamuzi baawa Pulezidenti Museveni amagezi okugoba Mirundi olw’okukumanga omuliro mu bantu bamenye amateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Derrick |date=27 April 2015 |title=Judges want Museveni to fire Tamale Mirundi |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/37533-judges-want-museveni-to-fire-tamale-mirundi |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> We bwatuukira nga 16 Ogwomukaaga, 2020, Tamale yali awereddwa okulabikako ku pulogulaamu ya One on One ku [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS Television]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=REDPEPPER |first=Our Reporter {{!}} |date=2020-06-15 |title=END OF ROAD: Tamale Mirundi leaves NBS Tv |url=http://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/tamale-mirundi-leaves-nbs-tv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618211505/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/tamale-mirundi-leaves-nbs-tv/ |archive-date=18 June 2020 |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=Red Pepper |language=en-US}}</ref> Enkeera yalangirira nti pulogulaamu eno yali ejja kubeera ku mukutu gwa [[Mukutu gwa Facebook|Facebook]] ne [[YouTube]] okutuusa lwe wanaabaawo okulangirira okulala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-17 |title=Tamale Mirundi Finally Announces His Next Move After Exit from NBS TV and Top Radio |url=https://eyalama.com/tamale-mirundi-finally-announces-his-next-move-after-exit-from-nbs-tv-and-top-radio/ |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=Uganda News, Politics, Entertainment,Business and Special Reports |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618235234/https://eyalama.com/tamale-mirundi-finally-announces-his-next-move-after-exit-from-nbs-tv-and-top-radio/ |url-status=dead }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Tamale Mirundi yazaalibwa Namatovu Molly ne Yowana Mirundi okuva ku kyalo Matale-Kalagala mu [[Kyotera Disitulikiti]] edda eyali ekitundu ku [[Rakai (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Rakai]] ng’omwana waabwe ow’omwenda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamale Mirundi: A man of humble origins |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/people/tamale-mirundi-a-man-of-humble-origins-NV_193979 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti yasengukira mu Kampala mu 1979 okusoma siniya era omulimu gw’ebyamawulire yagutandikira mu lupapula lwa Munno mu kiseera kye yamala mu mwaka ogwokusatu mu siniya.<ref name=":02">[https://nilepost.co.ug/news/211805/tamale-mirundi-was-life-itself-and-only-death-could-catch-up-with-him Tamale Mirundi was life itself and only death could catch up with him]</ref> Yalina diguli ya Bachelors mu by'empuliziganya okuva mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|yunivasite y'e Makerere]]. Yatandikawo empapula z'amawulire bbiri ez'obwannannyini okwali, The Voice ne Lipoota oluvannyuma lw'okutikkirwa ku yunivasite.<ref name=":02" /> == Okufa kwe == Tamale yafa obulwadde bw’amawuggwe mu [[Kisubi Hospital]] mu Gwomunaana 13, 2024, gye yali amaze omwezi mulamba ng’ali mu ddwaaliro. Yalina emyaka 60.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-13 |title=Political commentator Tamale Mirundi dies |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/political-commentator-tamale-mirundi-dies--4724622 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-08-13 |title=Tamale Mirundi is dead |url=https://www.pulse.ug/news/local/tamale-mirundi-is-dead/pzqxyng |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-14 |title=Tamale Mirundi is dead, family confirms |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/%f0%9f%94%b4-breaking-news-tamale-mirundi-is-dead-family-confirms/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == [[Rakai (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Rakai]] [[Eric Sakwa]] [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS Television]] [[Kisubi Hospital]] [[political analyst]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1964]] [[Category:Abafa mu 2024]] [[Category:Abawandiisi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abafudde ekirwadde ky'amawuggwe]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Rakai Disitulikiti]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Kyotera Disitulikiti]] dcl2mex78hpzl8w5gbf0nuz92bfezcn 0 11247 63488 62829 2026-07-17T21:01:21Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tom Butime''' [[Munnayuganda]] munnabyabufuzi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=395 |access-date=2020-10-14 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ye Minisita w'ebyobulambuzi, ebisolo by'omu nsiko n'ebintu eby'edda mu kabineeti ya Uganda.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2016|author=Uganda State House|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|title=Museveni's new cabinet list At 6 June 2016|accessdate=13 June 2016|location=Kampala|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yaweerezaako ng’omubaka omulonde akiikirira Eggombolola ly'e Mwenge mu Disitulikiti y'e Kyenjojo, mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey’ekkumi n'ey'ekkumineemu (2016–2021). naye yawangulwa Apuuli Kasukaali Methusela ow'ekibiina kya NRM mu kulonda kwa 2026 Ogwolubereberye.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/index.php/members-of-parliament/members-of-parliament|title=Members of Parliament: 101. Butime Tom, Representative for Mwenge County Central, Kyenjojo District|accessdate=14 June 2016|date=14 June 2016|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda|location=Kampala|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527141255/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/index.php/members-of-parliament/members-of-parliament|archivedate=27 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 2026 |title=Voters oust MPs, ministers, shake up parliament |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/voters-oust-mps-ministers-shake-up-parliament-NV_226412 |publisher=New Vision}}</ref> Kyaddaaki yasigazibwa kubwa Minisita w'ebyobulambuzi, ebisolo by'omu nsiko n'ebintu eby'edda mu kabineeti ya [[Yoweri Museveni|Museveni]] mu kisanja kye ekya 2026-2030.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |publisher=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi ow’ebyempuliziganya okuva nga 13 Ogwolubereberye 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokubiri 2006. Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda kwa bonna mu Gwokubiri 2006, yalondebwa okubeera Minisita omubeezi ow’ensonga z’e Karamoja, ekifo kye yagaana okutwala.<ref name="No">{{cite web |date=8 July 2010 |title=Karamoja job was an insult - Tom Butime |url=http://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/9175-karamoja-job-was-an-insult-tom-butime |accessdate=14 June 2016 |publisher=[[The Observer (Uganda)]] |location=Kampala |archive-date=16 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116194811/http://observer.ug/news-headlines/9175-karamoja-job-was-an-insult-tom-butime |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2011, Butime yavuganya ku kifo ky'omubaka w'Essaza ly'e Mwenge ey'Obukiikakkono, kyokka n'awangulwa David Muhumuza.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bath |first=Tony |date=21 May 2012 |title=MP David Muhumuza Wins Election Petition |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=42456 |accessdate=14 June 2016 |publisher=[[Uganda Radio Network]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Emabegako, Butime yaliko [[Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda mu ggwanga|Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda]] okuva nga 6 Ogwomusanvu 1996 okutuuka mu Gwomusanvu 2001, era mu kiseera ekyo yaliko Minisita omubeezi ow'abanoonyi b'obubudamu n’okwetegekera obutyabaga. Okuva mu 2001 okutuuka 2005 mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye, mu kiseera ky'okukola enkyukakyuka mu kabineeti, Butime yaweereza nga Minisita omubeezi ow’enkolagana y’ensi yonna era n’aweereza nga Minisita w’ensonga z’ebweru okuva mu Gwokusatu 2004 okutuuka mu Gwolubereberye 2006.<ref name="No" /><ref name="Who">{{cite web |last1=Basiime |first1=Felix |last2=Amanyire |first2=Edison |date=5 July 2015 |title=NRM has improved but also has weaknesses, says Colonel Butime |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/NRM-weaknesses-Col-Butime/-/689844/2774982/-/5pead9/-/index.html |accessdate=14 June 2016 |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Anyumirwa nnyo okulima.<ref name="Who" /> == Laba ne bino == * Kabineeti ya Uganda * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Kyenjojo]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abava mu kibiina kya National Resistence Movement]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omunaana]] 3t9mhkr4bt4kpbf1pw280n9kl6mgxh0 0 11372 63535 44869 2026-07-18T09:55:50Z Ug culture 10012 /* Obulamu bwe obw’obufumbo */ 63535 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rukidi III owa Tooro''' yali [[:en:Omukama_of_Tooro|Omukama]] w'[[:en:Tooro_Kingdom|Obukama bwa Tooro]] (obumu ku bwakabaka obuna obw'ennono obusangibwa ku nsalo za [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] ) okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1965. Yali Omukama ow'e Tooro ow'ekkuminomu. == Okulinnya ku ntebe y'Obukama == Yali mutabani w'Omukama wa Toro ow'ekkumi [[:en:Kyebambe_III_of_Tooro|Kyebambe III ow'e Tooro]], <ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/kasagama-daudi/</ref> Omukama ow'e Tooro, eyakulembera okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1965. Nnyina yali Damali Tibaitwa . Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama e Kabarole, nga 6 Ogwokusatu 1904. Yasomera mu Budo Primary School, [[:en:Nyakasura_School|Nyakasura School]] e [[:en:Fort_Portal|Fort Portal]], [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School]], [[:en:King's_College_Budo|King's College Budo]], ne [[:en:Columbia_University|Columbia University]] .Yaweereza nga kaliisoliiso mu Uganda Police Force mu 1926 Yalinnya ku ntebe nga kitaawe afudde, nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri 1928. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Coronation|engule]] mu Kkanisa ya St John's Cathedral, [[:en:Kabarole_District|Kabarole]], nga 29 Ogusooka 1929. == Obukulembeze bwe == Omukama Kamurasi Rukidi III yeetaba mu kutikkira Nnabagereka Elizabeth II mu Westminster Abbey e London mu 1953. Yafuulibwa enyota ya Lutenanti mu kibinja ky'amaggye eky'okuna (ekisangibwa mu Uganda), bamukwata mmundu ba Kabaka abaali bayitibwa [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]], okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1930. Ye yatandikawo era omukulembeze asukulumye mu maggye ga Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield of Toro. Yaweebwa ekitiibwa ky'omulwanyi w'olubiri nga 2 Ogwomukaaga 1962 era yafuna emidaali egiwerako n’okusiimibwa okuva mu gavumenti ya Bungereza, gavumenti ya Uganda ne Gavumenti ya Buganda. == Obulamu bwe obw’obufumbo == Omukama Rukidi III yawasa abakyala bangi okusinziira ku nnono * Omugo Kezia Bonabana Byanjeru,ow'ekika ky'Abagabu yali Naabakyaala (Omugo w'ekitebe) * Omugo Evelyn Kahinju ow'ekika kya Ababoopi yali amanyidwa nga Omugo wa Harukoto * Omugo Theodora Bacwa Abwooli yali abeera ku lubiri lwe Kabahango<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crossculturalfoundation.or.ug/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2019_Historical-Buildings-Map-of-Fort-Portal-CCFU.pdf| title= Historical Buildings Map of Fort Portal}}</ref> * Omugo Zaulia Katukura Akiiki ow'ekika kya Abaitira nga yali ava musaaza lye Busongora abeera mu lubiri lwe Bulera.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=ObukamaBwaTooro|number=1711832694579974166 |date=10 October 2023|title=Omukama Sir. George David Kamurasi Rukidi III, with his Queen of Busongora from the Abaitira Clan, Omugo Akiiki Katukura. She's Still Alive in her Palace at Bulera.|access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref> * Omugo Leah Ngaju yali Mumbejja ow'e Bunyoro nga muwala w'Omubiito Yoweri Komwiswa muzukulu w'Omukama Kabalega ow'e Bunyoro. * Omugo Faith Nyinabarongo Adyeeri yali abeera mu lubiri lwe Rwengaju == Abaana be == Abaana ba Omukama Kamurasi Rukidi III kuliko; # Omulangira Stephen Edgar Paul Karamagi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju Yazaalibwa mu 1934. Yasomera mu [[:en:Nyakasura_School|ssomero lya Nyakasura School]], [[:en:Kabarole|Kabarole]], King’s College, Budo, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (LLB), ne Columbia University, New York, US. Yakola nga akiikirira Gavumenti ya Uganda mu myaka gya 1960. Mu 1963, yawasa Margaret Semugeshi muwala w’Omulangira Semugeshi, ow’e Bufundu, e Butare mu Rwanda. # Omulangira Ruyonga, nga nnyina yali Omugo Theodora Bacwa. Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama bwe Kabarole nga 27 Ogwokusatu 1935. # Omulangira Emanuel Erasmus Ishagara, nga nnyina yali Omugo Theodora Bacwa. Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama e Kabarole nga 27 Ogwokusatu 1935. Yasomera mu ssomero lya St. Peter’s School ne St. Luke’s College, Virika. Nga 21 Ogwekkuminebiri 1966, yakuba ebirayiro bye mu Lutikko ya St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe ne munne Catherine Rosette muwala wa Erieza Sebabi nga yali Ssabalamuzi wa Buganda nga ukyala we ya Mary Nanfuka. Omulangira Emmanuel Ishagara yazaala abaana basatu ab’obulenzi n’omuwala omu:(a) Omulangira David KamurasiIshagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Nsambya mu Kampala nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1967. Yasomera mu ssomero lya Namilyango College ne mu ttendekero lya ITT Technical Institute mu Bungereza (BSc). Mu Gwekkumi 1997, yawasa Irene N. Kasozi-Batende, e Camden, London. wamu n'Omumbejja Joanita Kakyo Komubaizi (b) Omulangira Sulemaani Michael Okwiri Adyeri Ishagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Mulago mu Kampala nga 11 Ogwomukaaga 1973. Yasomera mu Busoga College Mwiri, Baruch College ne TCI College of Technology, New York City (c) Omulangira Emmanuel Ishagara Jr. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Mulago nga 9 Ogwomwenda 1977. Yasomera mu Busoga College, Mwiri, Baruch College, New York ne Park University, Kansas City, Missouri, . US (BSc) ne (d) Omumbejja Sandra Ishagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Nsambya mu Kampala nga 29 Ogwekkuminebiri 1969. Yasomera mu ttendekero lya King’s College, Buddo, South Thames College (BA Fin.). Maama w’abaana babiri omulenzi n’omuwala: (i) Josh Kasozi, yazaalibwa nga 27 Ogwokuna 2004 ne (ii) Chauntel Grace S. Ishagara Kendall, eyazaalibwa nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1996.. # Rukirabasaija Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III, [[:en:Omukama_of_Toro|Omukama ow’e Toro]], okuva mu 1965 okutuuka mu 1995, Omukama ow’ekkuminababiri (12) ow’e Toro, nga nnyina yali Kezia Bonabana. # Omulangira Nyaika. Yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi: (a) Omulangira Charles Happy Kijanangoma, eyazaalibwa mu 1956. Omulangira Kijanangoma eyattibwa omukuumi wa Katikiro ow’e Toro, mu bbaala ey’olukale e Fort Portal, nga 25 Ogwokusatu 1999 ne (b) Omulangira ali ku ddaala lya Lutenenti Ronald Rubale, omusirikale mu ggye lya UPDF. # Omulangira James Mugenyi Muzimanuki. Yaweebwa omulimu gwa 2nd Lieutenant mu magye ga Uganda. Idi Amin yamugoba mu magye mu 1972. Yalondebwa okukulembera ku lwa kizibwe we, Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV, nga 26 Ogwomunaana 1994. # Omulangira Kenneth Muhangura mutabani Omumbejja Leah Ngaju. # Omulangira Charles Kamurasi mutabani w'omubiitokati Leah Ngaju ye Sabalangira wa Babiito<ref>cite {{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/komuntale-s-giveaway-party-today-1530222 |title=Komuntale's giveaway party today |date=23 January 2021 }}</ref> # Omulangira Gilbert Mujogya mutabani w’omumbejja Leah Ngaju. # Omumbejja Gertrude Kabege Katongole Atwooki nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju # Omumbejja Elizabeth Christobel Edith Bagaaya, nga nnyina yali Kezia. Yazaalibwa mu Fort Portal, nga 9 Ogwokubiri 1936. Yasomera mu masomero eg'enjawulo omwali ssomero ly’abawala erya Kyebambe Girls’ School, Toro, Gayaza High School mu District y'e Wakiso, Sherborne School, Dorset, Girton College, Cambridge (LLB mu 1962), ne Lincoln’s Inn, London (Barrister-at-Law mu 1965). Yafuuka omukyala ow’omu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika asoose okuyingizibwa mu ssomero ly'amateeka mu Bungereza. Yatuuzibwa ku bwa Naalinya Lubuga eri muganda we Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III, nga 2 Ogwokusatu 1966. Yakola nga Ambasada wa Uganda wakati wa 1971 ne 1973, era ng'omubaka wa Uganda mu Misiri ne Ethiopia okuva mu 1973 okutuuka mu 1974, era nga ye mubaka wa Uganda ow'enkalakkalira mu kibiina ky'amawanga amagatte e New York mu 1974. Yali Minisita wa Uganda ow’ensonga z’ebweru wakati w'Ogwokubiri 1974 ne Gwekkuminebiri 1974. Yaweereza ng’omwogezi w’ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) mu Bulaaya, wakati wa 1980 ne 1986. Yaliko omubaka wa Uganda mu Amerika okuva mu 1986 okutuuka mu 1988, saako Germany ne Vatican wakati wa 2006 ne 2008. Yaweerezaako nga Kaminsona omukulu owa Uganda mu Nigeria okuva mu 2008. Ye muwandiisi w’ekitabo ekiyitibwa African Princess (1983) ne Elizabeth of Toro: the Odyssey of an African Princess (1989) . # Omumbejja Mabel Komuntale. Memba ku lukiiko lwa Regency Council eri Ssabakama Oyo Rukidi IV okuva mu 1995 okutuuka mu 1997.nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia # Omumbejja Rachel Kabasweka Abwooli nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Rosemary Kijumba Balinda Abwooli # Omumbejja Damali Komukyeya, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Kijumba Kabaramagi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Kezia Kanyomozi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Elizabeth Mpanja Ndahendekire, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia.yawasa Lt col. William Ndahendekire <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/komuntale-s-giveaway-party-today-1530222</ref> # Omumbejja Margret Juliana Komubaizi Abwooli ( Mukajoyi)Ono muyambi w’omumbejja w’obwakabaka e Tooro<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tised-u.org/dt_team/princess-margret-kumubaizi-abwooli/#:~:text=Princess%20Margret%20KumubaiziAbwooli%20is%20a,(Batebe)%20of%20Tooro%20Kingdom. |title='Princess Margret Komubaizi Abwooli' }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-presides-over-tooro-supreme-court-1471902 |title='King Oyo presides over Tooro supreme court' }}</ref> # Omumbejja Agnes Nkwenge Bunyenyezi nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn # Omubiito Apollo Loyd Mugema, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn # Omulangira Gerald Philip Manyindo, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju yawasa Catherine Kabasomi Byabusa nga 1 Ogwokutaano 1975 <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1289613/-eur-didn-eur-juliana-living-singing-eur</ref> ye taata w’Omulangira Edward Freeman Kim, Omumbejja [[:en:Juliana_Kanyomozi|Juliana Kanyomozi]] n’Omumbejja [[:en:Laura_Kahunde|Laura Kahunde]] # Omulangira Bazil Mirembe, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju. # Omumbejja Lucy Makulima Matama == Emyaka gye egy'oluvannyuma == Yafiira mu Lubiri e Kabarole nga 21 Ogwekkuminebiri 1965. Yaziikibwa mu Ha'gasani aga Karambi Royal Tombs == Laba ne == * [[:en:Omukama_of_Tooro|Omukama w'e Tooro]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[Omukama of Tooro]]|before=[[Kyebambe III of Tooro|Kasagama Kyebambe III]]|after=[[Olimi III of Tooro|Kaboyo Olimi III]]|years=1928–1965}} {{s-end}}  6nt5dy2litv3clgf8s6xw293mzq5be0 63536 63535 2026-07-18T09:59:08Z Ug culture 10012 /* Obulamu bwe obw’obufumbo */ 63536 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rukidi III owa Tooro''' yali [[:en:Omukama_of_Tooro|Omukama]] w'[[:en:Tooro_Kingdom|Obukama bwa Tooro]] (obumu ku bwakabaka obuna obw'ennono obusangibwa ku nsalo za [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] ) okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1965. Yali Omukama ow'e Tooro ow'ekkuminomu. == Okulinnya ku ntebe y'Obukama == Yali mutabani w'Omukama wa Toro ow'ekkumi [[:en:Kyebambe_III_of_Tooro|Kyebambe III ow'e Tooro]], <ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/kasagama-daudi/</ref> Omukama ow'e Tooro, eyakulembera okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1965. Nnyina yali Damali Tibaitwa . Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama e Kabarole, nga 6 Ogwokusatu 1904. Yasomera mu Budo Primary School, [[:en:Nyakasura_School|Nyakasura School]] e [[:en:Fort_Portal|Fort Portal]], [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School]], [[:en:King's_College_Budo|King's College Budo]], ne [[:en:Columbia_University|Columbia University]] .Yaweereza nga kaliisoliiso mu Uganda Police Force mu 1926 Yalinnya ku ntebe nga kitaawe afudde, nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri 1928. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Coronation|engule]] mu Kkanisa ya St John's Cathedral, [[:en:Kabarole_District|Kabarole]], nga 29 Ogusooka 1929. == Obukulembeze bwe == Omukama Kamurasi Rukidi III yeetaba mu kutikkira Nnabagereka Elizabeth II mu Westminster Abbey e London mu 1953. Yafuulibwa enyota ya Lutenanti mu kibinja ky'amaggye eky'okuna (ekisangibwa mu Uganda), bamukwata mmundu ba Kabaka abaali bayitibwa [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]], okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1930. Ye yatandikawo era omukulembeze asukulumye mu maggye ga Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield of Toro. Yaweebwa ekitiibwa ky'omulwanyi w'olubiri nga 2 Ogwomukaaga 1962 era yafuna emidaali egiwerako n’okusiimibwa okuva mu gavumenti ya Bungereza, gavumenti ya Uganda ne Gavumenti ya Buganda. == Obulamu bwe obw’obufumbo == Omukama Rukidi III yawasa abakyala bangi okusinziira ku nnono * Omugo Kezia Bonabana Byanjeru,ow'ekika ky'Abagabu yali Naabakyaala (Omugo w'ekitebe) * Omugo Evelyn Kahinju ow'ekika kya Ababoopi yali amanyidwa nga Omugo wa Harukoto * Omugo Theodora Bacwa Abwooli yali abeera ku lubiri lwe Kabahango<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crossculturalfoundation.or.ug/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2019_Historical-Buildings-Map-of-Fort-Portal-CCFU.pdf| title= Historical Buildings Map of Fort Portal}}</ref> * Omugo Zaulia Katukura Akiiki ow'ekika kya Abaitira nga yali ava musaaza lye Busongora abeera mu lubiri lwe Bulera<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=ObukamaBwaTooro|number=1711832694579974166 |date=10 October 2023|title=Omukama Sir. George David Kamurasi Rukidi III, with his Queen of Busongora from the Abaitira Clan, Omugo Akiiki Katukura. She's Still Alive in her Palace at Bulera.|access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref> * Omugo Leah Ngaju yali Mumbejja ow'e Bunyoro nga muwala w'Omubiito Yoweri Komwiswa muzukulu w'Omukama Kabalega ow'e Bunyoro. * Omugo Faith Nyinabarongo Adyeeri yali abeera mu lubiri lwe Rwengaju == Abaana be == Abaana ba Omukama Kamurasi Rukidi III kuliko; # Omulangira Stephen Edgar Paul Karamagi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju Yazaalibwa mu 1934. Yasomera mu [[:en:Nyakasura_School|ssomero lya Nyakasura School]], [[:en:Kabarole|Kabarole]], King’s College, Budo, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (LLB), ne Columbia University, New York, US. Yakola nga akiikirira Gavumenti ya Uganda mu myaka gya 1960. Mu 1963, yawasa Margaret Semugeshi muwala w’Omulangira Semugeshi, ow’e Bufundu, e Butare mu Rwanda. # Omulangira Ruyonga, nga nnyina yali Omugo Theodora Bacwa. Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama bwe Kabarole nga 27 Ogwokusatu 1935. # Omulangira Emanuel Erasmus Ishagara, nga nnyina yali Omugo Theodora Bacwa. Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama e Kabarole nga 27 Ogwokusatu 1935. Yasomera mu ssomero lya St. Peter’s School ne St. Luke’s College, Virika. Nga 21 Ogwekkuminebiri 1966, yakuba ebirayiro bye mu Lutikko ya St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe ne munne Catherine Rosette muwala wa Erieza Sebabi nga yali Ssabalamuzi wa Buganda nga ukyala we ya Mary Nanfuka. Omulangira Emmanuel Ishagara yazaala abaana basatu ab’obulenzi n’omuwala omu:(a) Omulangira David KamurasiIshagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Nsambya mu Kampala nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1967. Yasomera mu ssomero lya Namilyango College ne mu ttendekero lya ITT Technical Institute mu Bungereza (BSc). Mu Gwekkumi 1997, yawasa Irene N. Kasozi-Batende, e Camden, London. wamu n'Omumbejja Joanita Kakyo Komubaizi (b) Omulangira Sulemaani Michael Okwiri Adyeri Ishagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Mulago mu Kampala nga 11 Ogwomukaaga 1973. Yasomera mu Busoga College Mwiri, Baruch College ne TCI College of Technology, New York City (c) Omulangira Emmanuel Ishagara Jr. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Mulago nga 9 Ogwomwenda 1977. Yasomera mu Busoga College, Mwiri, Baruch College, New York ne Park University, Kansas City, Missouri, . US (BSc) ne (d) Omumbejja Sandra Ishagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Nsambya mu Kampala nga 29 Ogwekkuminebiri 1969. Yasomera mu ttendekero lya King’s College, Buddo, South Thames College (BA Fin.). Maama w’abaana babiri omulenzi n’omuwala: (i) Josh Kasozi, yazaalibwa nga 27 Ogwokuna 2004 ne (ii) Chauntel Grace S. Ishagara Kendall, eyazaalibwa nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1996.. # Rukirabasaija Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III, [[:en:Omukama_of_Toro|Omukama ow’e Toro]], okuva mu 1965 okutuuka mu 1995, Omukama ow’ekkuminababiri (12) ow’e Toro, nga nnyina yali Kezia Bonabana. # Omulangira Nyaika. Yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi: (a) Omulangira Charles Happy Kijanangoma, eyazaalibwa mu 1956. Omulangira Kijanangoma eyattibwa omukuumi wa Katikiro ow’e Toro, mu bbaala ey’olukale e Fort Portal, nga 25 Ogwokusatu 1999 ne (b) Omulangira ali ku ddaala lya Lutenenti Ronald Rubale, omusirikale mu ggye lya UPDF. # Omulangira James Mugenyi Muzimanuki. Yaweebwa omulimu gwa 2nd Lieutenant mu magye ga Uganda. Idi Amin yamugoba mu magye mu 1972. Yalondebwa okukulembera ku lwa kizibwe we, Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV, nga 26 Ogwomunaana 1994. # Omulangira Kenneth Muhangura mutabani Omumbejja Leah Ngaju. # Omulangira Charles Kamurasi mutabani w'omubiitokati Leah Ngaju ye Sabalangira wa Babiito<ref>cite {{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/komuntale-s-giveaway-party-today-1530222 |title=Komuntale's giveaway party today |date=23 January 2021 }}</ref> # Omulangira Gilbert Mujogya mutabani w’omumbejja Leah Ngaju. # Omumbejja Gertrude Kabege Katongole Atwooki nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju # Omumbejja Elizabeth Christobel Edith Bagaaya, nga nnyina yali Kezia. Yazaalibwa mu Fort Portal, nga 9 Ogwokubiri 1936. Yasomera mu masomero eg'enjawulo omwali ssomero ly’abawala erya Kyebambe Girls’ School, Toro, Gayaza High School mu District y'e Wakiso, Sherborne School, Dorset, Girton College, Cambridge (LLB mu 1962), ne Lincoln’s Inn, London (Barrister-at-Law mu 1965). Yafuuka omukyala ow’omu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika asoose okuyingizibwa mu ssomero ly'amateeka mu Bungereza. Yatuuzibwa ku bwa Naalinya Lubuga eri muganda we Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III, nga 2 Ogwokusatu 1966. Yakola nga Ambasada wa Uganda wakati wa 1971 ne 1973, era ng'omubaka wa Uganda mu Misiri ne Ethiopia okuva mu 1973 okutuuka mu 1974, era nga ye mubaka wa Uganda ow'enkalakkalira mu kibiina ky'amawanga amagatte e New York mu 1974. Yali Minisita wa Uganda ow’ensonga z’ebweru wakati w'Ogwokubiri 1974 ne Gwekkuminebiri 1974. Yaweereza ng’omwogezi w’ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) mu Bulaaya, wakati wa 1980 ne 1986. Yaliko omubaka wa Uganda mu Amerika okuva mu 1986 okutuuka mu 1988, saako Germany ne Vatican wakati wa 2006 ne 2008. Yaweerezaako nga Kaminsona omukulu owa Uganda mu Nigeria okuva mu 2008. Ye muwandiisi w’ekitabo ekiyitibwa African Princess (1983) ne Elizabeth of Toro: the Odyssey of an African Princess (1989) . # Omumbejja Mabel Komuntale. Memba ku lukiiko lwa Regency Council eri Ssabakama Oyo Rukidi IV okuva mu 1995 okutuuka mu 1997.nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia # Omumbejja Rachel Kabasweka Abwooli nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Rosemary Kijumba Balinda Abwooli # Omumbejja Damali Komukyeya, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Kijumba Kabaramagi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Kezia Kanyomozi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Elizabeth Mpanja Ndahendekire, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia.yawasa Lt col. William Ndahendekire <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/komuntale-s-giveaway-party-today-1530222</ref> # Omumbejja Margret Juliana Komubaizi Abwooli ( Mukajoyi)Ono muyambi w’omumbejja w’obwakabaka e Tooro<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tised-u.org/dt_team/princess-margret-kumubaizi-abwooli/#:~:text=Princess%20Margret%20KumubaiziAbwooli%20is%20a,(Batebe)%20of%20Tooro%20Kingdom. |title='Princess Margret Komubaizi Abwooli' }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-presides-over-tooro-supreme-court-1471902 |title='King Oyo presides over Tooro supreme court' }}</ref> # Omumbejja Agnes Nkwenge Bunyenyezi nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn # Omubiito Apollo Loyd Mugema, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn # Omulangira Gerald Philip Manyindo, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju yawasa Catherine Kabasomi Byabusa nga 1 Ogwokutaano 1975 <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1289613/-eur-didn-eur-juliana-living-singing-eur</ref> ye taata w’Omulangira Edward Freeman Kim, Omumbejja [[:en:Juliana_Kanyomozi|Juliana Kanyomozi]] n’Omumbejja [[:en:Laura_Kahunde|Laura Kahunde]] # Omulangira Bazil Mirembe, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju. # Omumbejja Lucy Makulima Matama == Emyaka gye egy'oluvannyuma == Yafiira mu Lubiri e Kabarole nga 21 Ogwekkuminebiri 1965. Yaziikibwa mu Ha'gasani aga Karambi Royal Tombs == Laba ne == * [[:en:Omukama_of_Tooro|Omukama w'e Tooro]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[Omukama of Tooro]]|before=[[Kyebambe III of Tooro|Kasagama Kyebambe III]]|after=[[Olimi III of Tooro|Kaboyo Olimi III]]|years=1928–1965}} {{s-end}}  h141w3kq8wlg419y4a4lb9wlim080no 63537 63536 2026-07-18T10:11:49Z Ug culture 10012 /* Abaana be */ 63537 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rukidi III owa Tooro''' yali [[:en:Omukama_of_Tooro|Omukama]] w'[[:en:Tooro_Kingdom|Obukama bwa Tooro]] (obumu ku bwakabaka obuna obw'ennono obusangibwa ku nsalo za [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] ) okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1965. Yali Omukama ow'e Tooro ow'ekkuminomu. == Okulinnya ku ntebe y'Obukama == Yali mutabani w'Omukama wa Toro ow'ekkumi [[:en:Kyebambe_III_of_Tooro|Kyebambe III ow'e Tooro]], <ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/kasagama-daudi/</ref> Omukama ow'e Tooro, eyakulembera okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1965. Nnyina yali Damali Tibaitwa . Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama e Kabarole, nga 6 Ogwokusatu 1904. Yasomera mu Budo Primary School, [[:en:Nyakasura_School|Nyakasura School]] e [[:en:Fort_Portal|Fort Portal]], [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School]], [[:en:King's_College_Budo|King's College Budo]], ne [[:en:Columbia_University|Columbia University]] .Yaweereza nga kaliisoliiso mu Uganda Police Force mu 1926 Yalinnya ku ntebe nga kitaawe afudde, nga 31 Ogwekkuminebiri 1928. Yatikkirwa [[:en:Coronation|engule]] mu Kkanisa ya St John's Cathedral, [[:en:Kabarole_District|Kabarole]], nga 29 Ogusooka 1929. == Obukulembeze bwe == Omukama Kamurasi Rukidi III yeetaba mu kutikkira Nnabagereka Elizabeth II mu Westminster Abbey e London mu 1953. Yafuulibwa enyota ya Lutenanti mu kibinja ky'amaggye eky'okuna (ekisangibwa mu Uganda), bamukwata mmundu ba Kabaka abaali bayitibwa [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King's African Rifles]], okuva mu 1928 okutuuka mu 1930. Ye yatandikawo era omukulembeze asukulumye mu maggye ga Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield of Toro. Yaweebwa ekitiibwa ky'omulwanyi w'olubiri nga 2 Ogwomukaaga 1962 era yafuna emidaali egiwerako n’okusiimibwa okuva mu gavumenti ya Bungereza, gavumenti ya Uganda ne Gavumenti ya Buganda. == Obulamu bwe obw’obufumbo == Omukama Rukidi III yawasa abakyala bangi okusinziira ku nnono * Omugo Kezia Bonabana Byanjeru,ow'ekika ky'Abagabu yali Naabakyaala (Omugo w'ekitebe) * Omugo Evelyn Kahinju ow'ekika kya Ababoopi yali amanyidwa nga Omugo wa Harukoto * Omugo Theodora Bacwa Abwooli yali abeera ku lubiri lwe Kabahango<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crossculturalfoundation.or.ug/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2019_Historical-Buildings-Map-of-Fort-Portal-CCFU.pdf| title= Historical Buildings Map of Fort Portal}}</ref> * Omugo Zaulia Katukura Akiiki ow'ekika kya Abaitira nga yali ava musaaza lye Busongora abeera mu lubiri lwe Bulera<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=ObukamaBwaTooro|number=1711832694579974166 |date=10 October 2023|title=Omukama Sir. George David Kamurasi Rukidi III, with his Queen of Busongora from the Abaitira Clan, Omugo Akiiki Katukura. She's Still Alive in her Palace at Bulera.|access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref> * Omugo Leah Ngaju yali Mumbejja ow'e Bunyoro nga muwala w'Omubiito Yoweri Komwiswa muzukulu w'Omukama Kabalega ow'e Bunyoro. * Omugo Faith Nyinabarongo Adyeeri yali abeera mu lubiri lwe Rwengaju == Abaana be == Abaana ba Omukama Kamurasi Rukidi III kuliko; # Omulangira Stephen Edgar Paul Karamagi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju Yazaalibwa mu 1934. Yasomera mu [[:en:Nyakasura_School|ssomero lya Nyakasura School]], [[:en:Kabarole|Kabarole]], King’s College, Budo, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (LLB), ne Columbia University, New York, US. Yakola nga akiikirira Gavumenti ya Uganda mu myaka gya 1960. Mu 1963, yawasa Margaret Semugeshi muwala w’Omulangira Semugeshi, ow’e Bufundu, e Butare mu Rwanda. # Omulangira Ruyonga, nga nnyina yali Omugo Theodora Bacwa. Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama bwe Kabarole nga 27 Ogwokusatu 1935. # Omulangira Emanuel Erasmus Ishagara, nga nnyina yali Omugo Theodora Bacwa. Yazaalibwa mu Lubiri lw’Obukama e Kabarole nga 27 Ogwokusatu 1935. Yasomera mu ssomero lya St. Peter’s School ne St. Luke’s College, Virika. Nga 21 Ogwekkuminebiri 1966, yakuba ebirayiro bye mu Lutikko ya St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe ne munne Catherine Rosette muwala wa Erieza Sebabi nga yali Ssabalamuzi wa Buganda nga ukyala we ya Mary Nanfuka. Omulangira Emmanuel Ishagara yazaala abaana basatu ab’obulenzi n’omuwala omu:(a) Omulangira David KamurasiIshagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Nsambya mu Kampala nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1967. Yasomera mu ssomero lya Namilyango College ne mu ttendekero lya ITT Technical Institute mu Bungereza (BSc). Mu Gwekkumi 1997, yawasa Irene N. Kasozi-Batende, e Camden, London. wamu n'Omumbejja Joanita Kakyo Komubaizi (b) Omulangira Sulemaani Michael Okwiri Adyeri Ishagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Mulago mu Kampala nga 11 Ogwomukaaga 1973. Yasomera mu Busoga College Mwiri, Baruch College ne TCI College of Technology, New York City (c) Omulangira Emmanuel Ishagara Jr. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Mulago nga 9 Ogwomwenda 1977. Yasomera mu Busoga College, Mwiri, Baruch College, New York ne Park University, Kansas City, Missouri, . US (BSc) ne (d) Omumbejja Sandra Ishagara. Yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro e Nsambya mu Kampala nga 29 Ogwekkuminebiri 1969. Yasomera mu ttendekero lya King’s College, Buddo, South Thames College (BA Fin.). Maama w’abaana babiri omulenzi n’omuwala: (i) Josh Kasozi, yazaalibwa nga 27 Ogwokuna 2004 ne (ii) Chauntel Grace S. Ishagara Kendall, eyazaalibwa nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1996.. # Rukirabasaija Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III, [[:en:Omukama_of_Toro|Omukama ow’e Toro]], okuva mu 1965 okutuuka mu 1995, Omukama ow’ekkuminababiri (12) ow’e Toro, nga nnyina yali Kezia Bonabana. # Omulangira Nyaika. Yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi: (a) Omulangira Charles Happy Kijanangoma, eyazaalibwa mu 1956. Omulangira Kijanangoma eyattibwa omukuumi wa Katikiro ow’e Toro, mu bbaala ey’olukale e Fort Portal, nga 25 Ogwokusatu 1999 ne (b) Omulangira ali ku ddaala lya Lutenenti Ronald Rubale, omusirikale mu ggye lya UPDF. # Omulangira James Mugenyi Muzimanuki. Yaweebwa omulimu gwa 2nd Lieutenant mu magye ga Uganda. Idi Amin yamugoba mu magye mu 1972. Yalondebwa okukulembera ku lwa kizibwe we, Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV, nga 26 Ogwomunaana 1994. # Omulangira Kenneth Muhangura mutabani Omumbejja Leah Ngaju. # Omulangira Charles Kamurasi mutabani w'omubiitokati Leah Ngaju ye Sabalangira wa Babiito<ref>cite {{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/komuntale-s-giveaway-party-today-1530222 |title=Komuntale's giveaway party today |date=23 January 2021 }}</ref> # Omulangira Gilbert Mujogya mutabani w’omumbejja Leah Ngaju. # Omumbejja Gertrude Kabege Katongole Atwooki nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju # Omumbejja Elizabeth Christobel Edith Bagaaya, nga nnyina yali Kezia. Yazaalibwa mu Fort Portal, nga 9 Ogwokubiri 1936. Yasomera mu masomero eg'enjawulo omwali ssomero ly’abawala erya Kyebambe Girls’ School, Toro, Gayaza High School mu District y'e Wakiso, Sherborne School, Dorset, Girton College, Cambridge (LLB mu 1962), ne Lincoln’s Inn, London (Barrister-at-Law mu 1965). Yafuuka omukyala ow’omu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika asoose okuyingizibwa mu ssomero ly'amateeka mu Bungereza. Yatuuzibwa ku bwa Naalinya Lubuga eri muganda we Patrick David Matthew Koboyo Olimi III, nga 2 Ogwokusatu 1966. Yakola nga Ambasada wa Uganda wakati wa 1971 ne 1973, era ng'omubaka wa Uganda mu Misiri ne Ethiopia okuva mu 1973 okutuuka mu 1974, era nga ye mubaka wa Uganda ow'enkalakkalira mu kibiina ky'amawanga amagatte e New York mu 1974. Yali Minisita wa Uganda ow’ensonga z’ebweru wakati w'Ogwokubiri 1974 ne Gwekkuminebiri 1974. Yaweereza ng’omwogezi w’ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) mu Bulaaya, wakati wa 1980 ne 1986. Yaliko omubaka wa Uganda mu Amerika okuva mu 1986 okutuuka mu 1988, saako Germany ne Vatican wakati wa 2006 ne 2008. Yaweerezaako nga Kaminsona omukulu owa Uganda mu Nigeria okuva mu 2008. Ye muwandiisi w’ekitabo ekiyitibwa African Princess (1983) ne Elizabeth of Toro: the Odyssey of an African Princess (1989) . # Omumbejja Mabel Komuntale. Memba ku lukiiko lwa Regency Council eri Ssabakama Oyo Rukidi IV okuva mu 1995 okutuuka mu 1997.nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia # Omumbejja Rachel Kabasweka Abwooli nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Rosemary Kijumba Balinda Abwooli # Omumbejja Damali Komukyeya, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Kijumba Kabaramagi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Kezia Kanyomozi, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia. # Omumbejja Elizabeth Mpanja Ndahendekire, nga nnyina yali Omugo Kezia.yawasa Lt col. William Ndahendekire <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/komuntale-s-giveaway-party-today-1530222</ref> # Omumbejja Margret Juliana Komubaizi Abwooli ( Mukajoyi)Ono muyambi w’omumbejja w’obwakabaka e Tooro<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tised-u.org/dt_team/princess-margret-kumubaizi-abwooli/#:~:text=Princess%20Margret%20KumubaiziAbwooli%20is%20a,(Batebe)%20of%20Tooro%20Kingdom. |title='Princess Margret Komubaizi Abwooli' }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-presides-over-tooro-supreme-court-1471902 |title='King Oyo presides over Tooro supreme court' }}</ref> # Omumbejja Agnes Nkwenge Bunyenyezi nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn # Omubiito Apollo Loyd Mugema, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn # Omulangira Gerald Philip Manyindo, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju yawasa Catherine Kabasomi Byabusa nga 1 Ogwokutaano 1975 <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1289613/-eur-didn-eur-juliana-living-singing-eur</ref> ye taata w’Omulangira Edward Freeman Kim, Omumbejja [[:en:Juliana_Kanyomozi|Juliana Kanyomozi]] n’Omumbejja [[:en:Laura_Kahunde|Laura Kahunde]] # Omulangira Bazil Mirembe, nga nnyina yali Omugo Evelyn Kahinju. # Omumbejja Lucy Makulima Matama # Omulangira Roden Isingoma, nga nyina yali Omugo Nyinabarongo. # Omulangira Kato Franklin Jocelyn Rukidi Abbooki,nga nyina yali Omugo Nyinabarongo. == Emyaka gye egy'oluvannyuma == Yafiira mu Lubiri e Kabarole nga 21 Ogwekkuminebiri 1965. Yaziikibwa mu Ha'gasani aga Karambi Royal Tombs == Laba ne == * [[:en:Omukama_of_Tooro|Omukama w'e Tooro]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[Omukama of Tooro]]|before=[[Kyebambe III of Tooro|Kasagama Kyebambe III]]|after=[[Olimi III of Tooro|Kaboyo Olimi III]]|years=1928–1965}} {{s-end}}  iz9iibl6hzc2qlslyznwovpvfpu62rq 0 11766 63398 63382 2026-07-17T12:51:51Z Musuuza 11013 nnyongeddeko emitwe 63398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Uganda Airlines, mu mateeka emanyiddwa nga ''Uganda Airlines Corporation'', ye yali kampuni y’ennyonyi eyali ekiikirira Uganda mu butongole. Kampuni eno yateekebwawo mu Gwokutaano '''1976''', era n’etandika emirimu gyayo mu mwaka gwa '''1977'''. Ekitebe ekikulu kyali kiteekeddwa [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], Uganda, era yakoleranga okuva ku kifo kyayo ekikulu eky’emirimu mu [[:en:Entebbe_International_Airport|Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi eky’Ensi yonna ekya Entebbe.]]<ref>{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Uganda yagezaako okuguliza kampuni eno abantu oba amakampuni ag’obwannannyini okugifuula ey’obwannannyini, naye bonna abaali boolekedde okugigula baava mu nkola eyo. Kino kyaviirako '''Uganda Airlines Corporation''' okuggalwa n’okumalibwawo ddala mu Gwokutaano '''2001'''. Oluvannyuma, kampuni y’ennyonyi eno yazzibwawo era n’etandika nate okukola engendo z’ennyonyi mu mwaka gwa '''2019''' n’erinnya lyerimu erya [[:en:Uganda_Airlines|Uganda Airlines]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Ebyafaayo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-320C_5X-UAC_LFSB_Oct_1980.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ya Uganda Airlines ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_707-320C|Boeing 707-320C]] ku [[:en:Euroairport|kisaawe kya Euroairport]] mu 1980.]] Uganda Airlines yatandikibwawo mu mwezi gwa May 1976 nga kampuni etwalibwa nga ttabi ly’ekitongole kya Gavumenti ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Uganda Development Corporation (UDC), okusikira empeereza eyali esooka okuweebwa kampuni ya East African Airways.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> Yatandika emirimu gyayo mu 1977, nga mu kiseera ekyo ''Uganda Aviation Services (UAS)'', eyatandikibwawo kampuni ya [[:en:British_United_Airways|British United Airways]] mu 1965 kyokka ebiseera ebyo eyali kampuni ya UDC, n'eyingizibwa mu Uganda Airlines, n'etwala omukutu gw'amakubo ga UAS.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref><ref>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutuusibwa kw'enyonyi y'ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_707-320C|Boeing 707-320C]] eyasooka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 nga giggwaako, amakubo amapya agagenda e [[Brussels]], London ne [[Rome]] gaatongozebwa. Ennyonyi ey'okubiri ey'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C yayingira mu zaali zikozesebwa mu 1981. Omwaka ogwo, amakubo amapya agagenda e [[:en:Cairo|Cairo,]] [[:en:Cologne|Cologne]] ne [[:en:Dubai|Dubai]] gaatongozebwa, ne gagobererwa ag'e [[:en:Dar_es_Salaam|Dar es Salaam,]] [[Kilimanjaro]] ne [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]] mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> We bwatuukira mu Gwokusatu mu 1990 ebika byennyonyi byebaali bakozesa mwalimu ekika kya Boeing 707-320C kimu, [[:en:Fokker_F27-600|Fokker F27-600]] biri, [[:en:Lockheed_L-100_Hercules|Lockheed L-100-30]] emu,[[:en:Twin_Otter|Twin Otter]] emu ne [[:en:Britten-Norman_Trislander|BN Trislander]] emu. Ennyonyi ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_737|Boeing 737]] [[:en:Aircraft_lease|yapangisibwa]] okuva mu [[:en:Air_Zimbabwe|Air Zimbabwe]] mu 1994 okuweereza [[:en:Bujumbura|Bujumbura]] ne [[Kigali]], wamu n'ebifo ebiri mu [[South Africa|South Afrika]]. [[:en:Tel_Aviv|Tel Aviv]] yayongerwa ku mukutu gw’amakubo mu 1995, era wetwatuukira mu 1998 amakubo gonna [[Bulaaya|ag’omu Bulaaya]] gaayimirizibwa.<ref name=":2" /> Olw’okutondawo kampuni ya [[:en:Alliance_Air_(Uganda)|Alliance Air]] ku nkomerero ya 1994 —oluvannyuma eyamanyibwa nga ''SA Alliance'' —ekitongole ekyali kitwalibwa gavumenti ya [[:en:Government_of_Tanzania|Tanzania]] ne [[:en:Government_of_Uganda|Uganda]], [[:en:Air_Tanzania|Air Tanzania]] ne Uganda Airlines, awamu ne [[:en:South_African_Airways|South African Airways]] (SAA), [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaawa kampuni empya eddembe ly’okukola emirimu egy’ewala.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=28 April – 4 May 1999 |title=Air Mauritius pulls out of Uganda discussions |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201104.html |journal=Flight International |pages=24 |access-date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="FI1998" /> Endagaano eno yali egenderera okuliisa emirimu gya Alliance Air n’empeereza zombi eza Air Tanzania ne Uganda Airlines ez’omunda n’ez’omu kitundu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> Kyokka [[:en:Air_carrier|kampuni z’ennyonyi]] zombi ez’omu kitundu zaakula kitono okusinga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, era olw'okuba yakulakulana kitono. Uganda Airlines kye yakunganya kyaleetera Gavumenti ya Uganda okusalawo oba egenda kusazaamu kampuni eno oba okugitwala mu bwannannyini.<ref name=":3" /> === Okugezaako okugifuula ey’obwannannyini n’okuggalwa kwayo. === Ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990, kampuni eno yali mu mbeera ya ssente ezaali teziyingira bulungi olw’enzirukanya embi,<ref name=":5" /> Gavumenti ya Uganda bwe yateekateeka okutwala kampuni y’ennyonyi eno eyali mu mabanja mu bwannannyini, ng’enoonya omusigansimbi okukuuma kampuni eno ng’ekola. Mu kusooka kampuni eziwerako zaalina obwagazi bw'okutwala kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya Uganda Airlines. SA Alliance/ [[:en:South_African_Airways|SAA]], [[:en:Air_Mauritius|Air Mauritius,]] [[:en:British_Airways|British Airways]], [[:en:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]] -ewasinganibwa Inter Air, [[:en:Kenya_Airways|Kenya Airways]], ne [[:en:Sabena|Sabena]], bonna baali balabika ng'abaali baagala okugula mu ntandikwa, <ref name=":5" /><ref name="FI1999" /><ref name=":6" /> naye okukakkana n'eteekayo okusaba kwabwe, okuggyako SAA eyasigala nga ye yokka etaddeyo okusaba kwayo okw'okugula kuntandikwa ya 1999.<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /><ref name=":7" /> SAA yandibadde yalina okwetaba mu kampuni eno ebitundu 49%;<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> wadde kyali kityo, oluvannyuma yasuula okusaba kwayo oluvannyuma lw’okusanga okuvuganyizibwa okw’amaanyi mu lukiiko lw’ababaka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> Olw’okuba tewaali awaayo ssente ng'ayagala kugula kampuni eno, Gavumenti ya Uganda yasazaamu kampuni y’ennyonyi eno mu Gwokutaano mu 2001.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> == Ebifo ennyonyi gy’etambulira oba gy’etuuka. == Okuva ku kifo kyayo [[:en:Airline_hub|ekikulu]] mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe International Airport, mu kiseera kyayo bweyabeerera ey'amaanyi, kampuni eno yali ekola enteekateeka z’okugenda mu bifo ebiri munda mu [[Afirika|Afrika]], Bulaaya ne Middle East. Wammanga lwe lukalala lw’ebifo Uganda Airlines bye yaweereza mu byafaayo byayo byonna: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eggwanga !Ekibuga !Ekisaawe ky'enyonyi !Ebiwandiike ! class="unsortable" |Ebijjuliziddwaamu |- |[[Bubirigi|Belgium]] |[[Brussels]] |Brussels Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982){{--}}European services |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IzXZt35G?url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-date=19 August 2013 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Burundi]] |Bujumbura |Bujumbura International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Goma |Goma International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998" /> |- |Kinshasa |N'djili Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998">{{Cite journal |date=1–7 April 1998 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200883.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=91 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Girimane|Germany]] |Cologne |Cologne Bonn Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Timetable (Effective 30 March 1986{{spaced ndash}}25 October 1986) |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu86/qu86-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |Israel |Tel Aviv |Ben Gurion Airport | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |[[Yitale|Italy]] |[[Rome]] |Rome Fiumicino Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kenya]] |Mombasa |Moi International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=3–9 April 1996 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200820.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=84 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |Nairobi |Jomo Kenyatta International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Rwanda]] |[[Kigali]] |Kigali International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[South Africa]] |Johannesburg |O. R. Tambo International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Tanzania]] |Dar-es-Salaam |Julius Nyerere International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kilimanjaro]] |Kilimanjaro International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |Mwanza |Mwanza Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—International services: Tanzania/Kenya/Uganda |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |[[Yuganda|Uganda]] |[[Arua]] |Arua Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Entebbe]]/[[Kampala]] |Entebbe International Airport||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Gulu]] |Gulu Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kasese]] |Kasese Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |Mbarara |Mbarara Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Soroti]] |Soroti Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> |- |[[Tororo]] |Tororo Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—Domestic services: East/Northern |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-4.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |United Arab Emirates |Dubai |Dubai International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]] | rowspan="2" |London |Gatwick Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |Stansted Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=17 March 1979 |title=Amin cargo flights banned by Britain |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200849.html |format=PDF |journal=Flight International |page=815 |access-date=12 May 2011 |quote=Uganda Airlines' regular cargo flights between Stansted and Entebbe have been stopped by the British Government, although there is no embargo on return services.}}</ref> |- |[[Zambia]] |Lusaka |Lusaka International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |Harare |Harare International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999">{{Cite journal |date=31 March – 6 April 1999 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200826.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |page=106 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> |} === Endagaano z’okukolagana mu kukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi. === Wammanga kuliko olukalala lwa amakampuni g’ennyonyi Uganda Airlines ge yali erina nagago endagaano z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi (codeshare agreements) mu kiseera we yaggalibwa; engendo z’ennyonyi zaali zikolebwa ddala Uganda Airlines: * Air Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam ne Johannesburg okugenda/okuva Entebbe * [[:en:Emirates_(airline)|Emirates,]] Dubai okutuuka/okuva Entebbe * Kenya Airways, Nairobi okutuuka/okuva Entebbe == Ebibinja by'ennyonyi == * Britten-Norman Trislander<ref name="FI1990" /> * Twin Otter<ref name="FI1990" /> * Boeing 707-320C<ref name="FI1985" /> * Boeing 727<ref name="Uganda slashes services ahead of SAA takeover" /> * Boeing 737-200<ref name="Uganda eyes foreign cash" /> * Boeing 737-500<ref name="Pressure mounts for Uganda Airlines" /><ref name="Serving Africa" /> * Cessna 402B<ref name="FI1979" /> * Cessna U206<ref name="FI1979" /> * Cherokee 235<ref name="FI1979" /> * Cherokee Six<ref name="FI1979" /> * Fokker F-27-600<ref name="FI1990" /> * King Air 100<ref name="FI1985" /> * Lockheed L-100-30<ref name="FI1990" /> == Obubenje n'ebyagwawo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-300C_5X-UBC_FCO_Apr_1983.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ekika kya 5X-UBC, eya Uganda Airlines Boeing 707-320C, yarabibwaako ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Fiumicino mu 1983. Ennyonyi eno yennyini yagwa ku kisaawe kye kimu nga 17 Ogwekumi mu 1988.]]  Okusinziira ku [[:en:Aviation_Safety_Network|Aviation Safety Network]], kampuni eno yafuna obubenje/embeera embi yamirundi esatu mu byafaayo byaayo byonna; naye kimu kyokka ku byo kye kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2004 |title=Accident record for Uganda Airlines |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |access-date=19 July 2011 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620045816/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Hull-loss|Obubenje obwaviirako ennyonyi okwonooneka okutuuka nga tebakyasobola gitereeza]] bulagiddwa wansi. * Nga 1 Ogwokuna mu 1979: Ennyonyi y'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C, [[:en:Aircraft_registration|eyali ewandisiddwa]] nga 5X-UAL, eyali eyimiridde ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, yasaanyizibwawo [[:en:Tanzania_People's_Defence_Force#Tanzanian_Army|amagye ga Tanzania]] mu [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Tewali muntu yenna yafulumizibwa nti yali afudde. * Nga 17 Ogwekkumi mu 1988: '''Ennyonyi 775''' yali nnyonyi ya nsi yonna eyali etegekeddwa okusaabaza abantu okuva e [[:en:London-Gatwick|London-Gatwick]] – [[:en:Rome-Fiumicino|Rome-Fiumicino]] –Entebbe empeereza y’ennyonyi etambuza abasaabaze eyagwa olw’obutalaba bulungi mu kaseera k’okusembera ku kisaawe mu kitundu ekyasembayo eky’olugendo lwayo olusooka, nga esembera ku Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi ekya Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino. Ennyonyi eno yali etambulira ku nnyonyi ya Boeing 707-320C, eyalina enamba 5X-UBC [[:en:Aircraft_registration|ku mukira gwayo]]. Ennyonyi eno yamenyeka oluvannyuma lw’okutomera akasolya k’ekizimbe, n’ekwata omuliro. Ku bantu 52 abaali mu nnyonyi, abantu 33 beebaafa, ate bangi abaasimattuka ne balumizibwa nnyo. <ref name=":9">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19881017-0</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=21 January 1989 |title=COMMERCIAL FLIGHT SAFETY – FATAL ACCIDENTS: SCHEDULED PASSENGER FLIGHTS |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200165.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |pages=51 |access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> == Laba nebino ==   * [[:en:Transport_in_Uganda|Eby'entambula mu Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ensibuko == Guttery, Ben R. (1998). ''Encyclopedia of African Airlines''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>0-7864-0495-7</bdi>. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == Media related to Uganda Airlines (1976-2001) at Wikimedia Commons gtpbg4l0unucswe7607h8n24lcw9p1g 63430 63398 2026-07-17T14:21:38Z Musuuza 11013 ntaddemu obutindo 63430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}''Ku kampuni y’ennyonyi ey’erinnya lye limu eyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 2018, laba [[Uganda Airlines]].'' '''Uganda Airlines''', mu mateeka emanyiddwa nga ''Uganda Airlines Corporation'', ye yali kampuni y’ennyonyi eyali [[ekiikirira Fulaaga]] ya [[Uganda]]. Kampuni eno yateekebwawo mu Gwokutaano '''1976''', era n’etandika emirimu gyayo mu mwaka gwa '''1977'''. Ekitebe ekikulu kyali kiteekeddwa [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], Uganda, era yakoleranga okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu eky’emirimu]] mu [[Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi eky’Ensi yonna ekya Entebbe.]]<ref>{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> [[Gavumenti ya Uganda]] yagezaako okuguliza kampuni eno abantu oba amakampuni ag’obwannannyini okugifuula ey’obwannannyini, naye bonna abaali boolekedde okugigula baava mu nkola eyo. Kino kyaviirako Uganda Airlines Corporation okuggalwa n’okumalibwawo ddala mu Gwokutaano 2001. Oluvannyuma, kampuni y’ennyonyi eno yazzibwawo era n’etandika nate okukola engendo z’ennyonyi mu mwaka gwa '''2019''' n’erinnya lyerimu erya [[:en:Uganda_Airlines|Uganda Airlines]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Ebyafaayo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-320C_5X-UAC_LFSB_Oct_1980.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ya Uganda Airlines ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_707-320C|Boeing 707-320C]] ku [[:en:Euroairport|kisaawe kya Euroairport]] mu 1980.]] Uganda Airlines yatandikibwawo mu mwezi gwa May 1976 nga kampuni etwalibwa nga e ttabi ly’ekitongole kya [[Gavumenti]] ekyali kimanyiddwa nga [[Uganda Development Corporation]] (UDC), okusikira empeereza eyali esooka okuweebwa kampuni ya [[East African Airways]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> Yatandika emirimu gyayo mu 1977, nga mu kiseera ekyo ''Uganda Aviation Services (UAS)'', eyatandikibwawo kampuni ya [[British United Airways]] mu 1965 kyokka ebiseera ebyo eyali kampuni ya UDC, n'eyingizibwa mu Uganda Airlines, n'etwala omukutu gw'amakubo ga UAS.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref><ref>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutuusibwa kw'enyonyi y'ekika kya [[Boeing 707-320C]] eyasooka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 nga giggwaako, amakubo amapya agad genda e [[Brussels]], [[London]] ne [[Rome]] gaatongozebwa. Ennyonyi ey'okubiri ey'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C yayingira mu zaali zikozesebwa mu 1981. Omwaka ogwo, amakubo amapya agagenda e [[Cairo]], [[Cologne]] ne [[Dubai]] gaatongozebwa, ne gagobererwa ag'e [[Dar es Salaam,]] [[Kilimanjaro]] ne [[Nairobi]] mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> We bwatuukira mu Gwokusatu mu 1990 ebika byennyonyi byebaali bakozesa mwalimu ekika kya Boeing 707-320C kimu, [[Fokker F27-600]] biri, [[Lockheed L-100-30]] emu,[[Twin Otter]] emu ne [[BN Trislander]] emu. Ennyonyi ekika kya [[Boeing 737]] [[yapangisibwa]] okuva mu [[Air Zimbabwe]] mu 1994 okuweereza [[Bujumbura]] ne [[Kigali]], wamu n'ebifo ebiri mu [[South Africa|South Afrika]]. [[Tel Aviv]] yayongerwa ku mukutu gw’amakubo mu 1995, era wetwatuukira mu 1998 amakubo gonna ag'omu [[Bulaaya]] gaayimirizibwa.<ref name=":2" /> Olw’okutondawo kampuni ya [[Alliance Air]] ku nkomerero ya 1994 —oluvannyuma eyamanyibwa nga ''SA Alliance'' —ekitongole ekyali kitwalibwa gavumenti ya [[Tanzania]] ne [[Uganda]], [[Air Tanzania]] ne Uganda Airlines, awamu ne [[South African Airways]] (SAA), [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaawa kampuni empya eddembe ly’okukola emirimu egy’ewala.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=28 April – 4 May 1999 |title=Air Mauritius pulls out of Uganda discussions |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201104.html |journal=Flight International |pages=24 |access-date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="FI1998" /> Endagaano eno yali egenderera okuliisa emirimu gya Alliance Air n’empeereza zombi eza Air Tanzania ne Uganda Airlines ez’omunda n’ez’omu kitundu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> Kyokka [[kampuni z’ennyonyi]] zombi ez’omu kitundu zaakula kitono okusinga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, era olw'okuba yakulakulana kitono. Uganda Airlines kye yakunganya kyaleetera Gavumenti ya Uganda okusalawo oba egenda kusazaamu kampuni eno oba okugitwala mu bwannannyini.<ref name=":3" /> === Okugezaako okugifuula ey’obwannannyini n’okuggalwa kwayo. === Ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990, kampuni eno yali mu mbeera ya ssente ezaali teziyingira bulungi olw’enzirukanya embi,<ref name=":5" /> Gavumenti ya Uganda bwe yateekateeka okutwala kampuni y’ennyonyi eno eyali mu mabanja mu bwannannyini, ng’enoonya omusigansimbi okukuuma kampuni eno ng’ekola. Mu kusooka kampuni eziwerako zaalina obwagazi bw'okutwala kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya Uganda Airlines. SA Alliance/ [[SAA]], [[Air Mauritius,]] [[British Airways]], [[Johannesburg]] -ewasinganibwa Inter Air, [[Kenya Airways]], ne [[Sabena]], bonna baali balabika ng'abaali baagala okugula mu ntandikwa, <ref name=":5" /><ref name="FI1999" /><ref name=":6" /> naye okukakkana n'eteekayo okusaba kwabwe, okuggyako SAA eyasigala nga ye yokka etaddeyo okusaba kwayo okw'okugula kuntandikwa ya 1999.<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /><ref name=":7" /> SAA yandibadde yalina okwetaba mu kampuni eno ebitundu 49%;<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> wadde kyali kityo, oluvannyuma yasuula okusaba kwayo oluvannyuma lw’okusanga okuvuganyizibwa okw’amaanyi mu lukiiko lw’ababaka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> Olw’okuba tewaali awaayo ssente ng'ayagala kugula kampuni eno, Gavumenti ya Uganda yasazaamu kampuni y’ennyonyi eno mu Gwokutaano mu 2001.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> == Ebifo ennyonyi gy’etambulira oba gy’etuuka. == Okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu]] mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe International Airport, mu kiseera kyayo bweyabeerera ey'amaanyi, kampuni eno yali ekola enteekateeka z’okugenda mu bifo ebiri munda mu [[Afirika]], Bulaaya ne Middle East. Wammanga lwe lukalala lw’ebifo Uganda Airlines bye yaweereza mu byafaayo byayo byonna: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eggwanga !Ekibuga !Ekisaawe ky'enyonyi !Ebiwandiike ! class="unsortable" |Ebijjuliziddwaamu |- |[[Bubirigi|Belgium]] |[[Brussels]] |Brussels Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982){{--}}European services |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IzXZt35G?url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-date=19 August 2013 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Burundi]] |Bujumbura |Bujumbura International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Goma |Goma International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998" /> |- |Kinshasa |N'djili Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998">{{Cite journal |date=1–7 April 1998 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200883.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=91 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Girimane|Germany]] |Cologne |Cologne Bonn Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Timetable (Effective 30 March 1986{{spaced ndash}}25 October 1986) |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu86/qu86-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |Israel |Tel Aviv |Ben Gurion Airport | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |[[Yitale|Italy]] |[[Rome]] |Rome Fiumicino Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kenya]] |Mombasa |Moi International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=3–9 April 1996 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200820.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=84 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |Nairobi |Jomo Kenyatta International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Rwanda]] |[[Kigali]] |Kigali International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[South Africa]] |Johannesburg |O. R. Tambo International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Tanzania]] |Dar-es-Salaam |Julius Nyerere International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kilimanjaro]] |Kilimanjaro International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |Mwanza |Mwanza Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—International services: Tanzania/Kenya/Uganda |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |[[Yuganda|Uganda]] |[[Arua]] |Arua Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Entebbe]]/[[Kampala]] |Entebbe International Airport||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Gulu]] |Gulu Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kasese]] |Kasese Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |Mbarara |Mbarara Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Soroti]] |Soroti Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> |- |[[Tororo]] |Tororo Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—Domestic services: East/Northern |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-4.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |United Arab Emirates |Dubai |Dubai International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]] | rowspan="2" |London |Gatwick Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |Stansted Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=17 March 1979 |title=Amin cargo flights banned by Britain |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200849.html |format=PDF |journal=Flight International |page=815 |access-date=12 May 2011 |quote=Uganda Airlines' regular cargo flights between Stansted and Entebbe have been stopped by the British Government, although there is no embargo on return services.}}</ref> |- |[[Zambia]] |Lusaka |Lusaka International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |Harare |Harare International Airport | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999">{{Cite journal |date=31 March – 6 April 1999 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200826.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |page=106 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> |} === Endagaano z’okukolagana mu kukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi. === Wammanga kuliko olukalala lwa amakampuni g’ennyonyi Uganda Airlines ge yali erina nagago endagaano z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi (codeshare agreements) mu kiseera we yaggalibwa; engendo z’ennyonyi zaali zikolebwa ddala Uganda Airlines: * Air Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam ne Johannesburg okugenda/okuva Entebbe * [[:en:Emirates_(airline)|Emirates,]] Dubai okutuuka/okuva Entebbe * Kenya Airways, Nairobi okutuuka/okuva Entebbe == Ebibinja by'ennyonyi == * Britten-Norman Trislander<ref name="FI1990" /> * Twin Otter<ref name="FI1990" /> * Boeing 707-320C<ref name="FI1985" /> * Boeing 727<ref name="Uganda slashes services ahead of SAA takeover" /> * Boeing 737-200<ref name="Uganda eyes foreign cash" /> * Boeing 737-500<ref name="Pressure mounts for Uganda Airlines" /><ref name="Serving Africa" /> * Cessna 402B<ref name="FI1979" /> * Cessna U206<ref name="FI1979" /> * Cherokee 235<ref name="FI1979" /> * Cherokee Six<ref name="FI1979" /> * Fokker F-27-600<ref name="FI1990" /> * King Air 100<ref name="FI1985" /> * Lockheed L-100-30<ref name="FI1990" /> == Obubenje n'ebyagwawo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-300C_5X-UBC_FCO_Apr_1983.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ekika kya 5X-UBC, eya Uganda Airlines Boeing 707-320C, yarabibwaako ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Fiumicino mu 1983. Ennyonyi eno yennyini yagwa ku kisaawe kye kimu nga 17 Ogwekumi mu 1988.]]  Okusinziira ku [[:en:Aviation_Safety_Network|Aviation Safety Network]], kampuni eno yafuna obubenje/embeera embi yamirundi esatu mu byafaayo byaayo byonna; naye kimu kyokka ku byo kye kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2004 |title=Accident record for Uganda Airlines |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |access-date=19 July 2011 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620045816/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Hull-loss|Obubenje obwaviirako ennyonyi okwonooneka okutuuka nga tebakyasobola gitereeza]] bulagiddwa wansi. * Nga 1 Ogwokuna mu 1979: Ennyonyi y'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C, [[:en:Aircraft_registration|eyali ewandisiddwa]] nga 5X-UAL, eyali eyimiridde ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, yasaanyizibwawo [[:en:Tanzania_People's_Defence_Force#Tanzanian_Army|amagye ga Tanzania]] mu [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Tewali muntu yenna yafulumizibwa nti yali afudde. * Nga 17 Ogwekkumi mu 1988: '''Ennyonyi 775''' yali nnyonyi ya nsi yonna eyali etegekeddwa okusaabaza abantu okuva e [[:en:London-Gatwick|London-Gatwick]] – [[:en:Rome-Fiumicino|Rome-Fiumicino]] –Entebbe empeereza y’ennyonyi etambuza abasaabaze eyagwa olw’obutalaba bulungi mu kaseera k’okusembera ku kisaawe mu kitundu ekyasembayo eky’olugendo lwayo olusooka, nga esembera ku Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi ekya Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino. Ennyonyi eno yali etambulira ku nnyonyi ya Boeing 707-320C, eyalina enamba 5X-UBC [[:en:Aircraft_registration|ku mukira gwayo]]. Ennyonyi eno yamenyeka oluvannyuma lw’okutomera akasolya k’ekizimbe, n’ekwata omuliro. Ku bantu 52 abaali mu nnyonyi, abantu 33 beebaafa, ate bangi abaasimattuka ne balumizibwa nnyo. <ref name=":9">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19881017-0</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=21 January 1989 |title=COMMERCIAL FLIGHT SAFETY – FATAL ACCIDENTS: SCHEDULED PASSENGER FLIGHTS |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200165.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |pages=51 |access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> == Laba nebino ==   * [[:en:Transport_in_Uganda|Eby'entambula mu Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ensibuko == Guttery, Ben R. (1998). ''Encyclopedia of African Airlines''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>0-7864-0495-7</bdi>. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == Media related to Uganda Airlines (1976-2001) at Wikimedia Commons sorl1cfi6ph875gssz9woeqpdiy4ds5 63487 63430 2026-07-17T20:58:47Z Musuuza 11013 ngasseeko obutindo 63487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}''Ku kampuni y’ennyonyi ey’erinnya lye limu eyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 2018, laba [[Uganda Airlines]].'' '''Uganda Airlines''', mu mateeka emanyiddwa nga ''Uganda Airlines Corporation'', ye yali kampuni y’ennyonyi eyali [[ekiikirira Fulaaga]] ya [[Uganda]]. Kampuni eno yateekebwawo mu Gwokutaano '''1976''', era n’etandika emirimu gyayo mu mwaka gwa '''1977'''. Ekitebe ekikulu kyali kiteekeddwa [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], Uganda, era yakoleranga okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu eky’emirimu]] mu [[Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi eky’Ensi yonna ekya Entebbe.]]<ref>{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> [[Gavumenti ya Uganda]] yagezaako okuguliza kampuni eno abantu oba amakampuni ag’obwannannyini okugifuula ey’obwannannyini, naye bonna abaali boolekedde okugigula baava mu nkola eyo. Kino kyaviirako Uganda Airlines Corporation okuggalwa n’okumalibwawo ddala mu Gwokutaano 2001. Oluvannyuma, kampuni y’ennyonyi eno yazzibwawo era n’etandika nate okukola engendo z’ennyonyi mu mwaka gwa '''2019''' n’erinnya lyerimu erya [[:en:Uganda_Airlines|Uganda Airlines]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Ebyafaayo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-320C_5X-UAC_LFSB_Oct_1980.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ya Uganda Airlines ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_707-320C|Boeing 707-320C]] ku [[:en:Euroairport|kisaawe kya Euroairport]] mu 1980.]] Uganda Airlines yatandikibwawo mu mwezi gwa May 1976 nga kampuni etwalibwa nga e ttabi ly’ekitongole kya [[Gavumenti]] ekyali kimanyiddwa nga [[Uganda Development Corporation]] (UDC), okusikira empeereza eyali esooka okuweebwa kampuni ya [[East African Airways]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> Yatandika emirimu gyayo mu 1977, nga mu kiseera ekyo ''Uganda Aviation Services (UAS)'', eyatandikibwawo kampuni ya [[British United Airways]] mu 1965 kyokka ebiseera ebyo eyali kampuni ya UDC, n'eyingizibwa mu Uganda Airlines, n'etwala omukutu gw'amakubo ga UAS.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref><ref>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutuusibwa kw'enyonyi y'ekika kya [[Boeing 707-320C]] eyasooka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 nga giggwaako, amakubo amapya agad genda e [[Brussels]], [[London]] ne [[Rome]] gaatongozebwa. Ennyonyi ey'okubiri ey'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C yayingira mu zaali zikozesebwa mu 1981. Omwaka ogwo, amakubo amapya agagenda e [[Cairo]], [[Cologne]] ne [[Dubai]] gaatongozebwa, ne gagobererwa ag'e [[Dar es Salaam,]] [[Kilimanjaro]] ne [[Nairobi]] mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> We bwatuukira mu Gwokusatu mu 1990 ebika byennyonyi byebaali bakozesa mwalimu ekika kya Boeing 707-320C kimu, [[Fokker F27-600]] biri, [[Lockheed L-100-30]] emu,[[Twin Otter]] emu ne [[BN Trislander]] emu. Ennyonyi ekika kya [[Boeing 737]] [[yapangisibwa]] okuva mu [[Air Zimbabwe]] mu 1994 okuweereza [[Bujumbura]] ne [[Kigali]], wamu n'ebifo ebiri mu [[South Africa|South Afrika]]. [[Tel Aviv]] yayongerwa ku mukutu gw’amakubo mu 1995, era wetwatuukira mu 1998 amakubo gonna ag'omu [[Bulaaya]] gaayimirizibwa.<ref name=":2" /> Olw’okutondawo kampuni ya [[Alliance Air]] ku nkomerero ya 1994 —oluvannyuma eyamanyibwa nga ''SA Alliance'' —ekitongole ekyali kitwalibwa gavumenti ya [[Tanzania]] ne [[Uganda]], [[Air Tanzania]] ne Uganda Airlines, awamu ne [[South African Airways]] (SAA), [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaawa kampuni empya eddembe ly’okukola emirimu egy’ewala.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=28 April – 4 May 1999 |title=Air Mauritius pulls out of Uganda discussions |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201104.html |journal=Flight International |pages=24 |access-date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="FI1998" /> Endagaano eno yali egenderera okuliisa emirimu gya Alliance Air n’empeereza zombi eza Air Tanzania ne Uganda Airlines ez’omunda n’ez’omu kitundu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> Kyokka [[kampuni z’ennyonyi]] zombi ez’omu kitundu zaakula kitono okusinga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, era olw'okuba yakulakulana kitono. Uganda Airlines kye yakunganya kyaleetera Gavumenti ya Uganda okusalawo oba egenda kusazaamu kampuni eno oba okugitwala mu bwannannyini.<ref name=":3" /> === Okugezaako okugifuula ey’obwannannyini n’okuggalwa kwayo. === Ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990, kampuni eno yali mu mbeera ya ssente ezaali teziyingira bulungi olw’enzirukanya embi,<ref name=":5" /> Gavumenti ya Uganda bwe yateekateeka okutwala kampuni y’ennyonyi eno eyali mu mabanja mu bwannannyini, ng’enoonya omusigansimbi okukuuma kampuni eno ng’ekola. Mu kusooka kampuni eziwerako zaalina obwagazi bw'okutwala kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya Uganda Airlines. SA Alliance/ [[SAA]], [[Air Mauritius,]] [[British Airways]], [[Johannesburg]] -ewasinganibwa Inter Air, [[Kenya Airways]], ne [[Sabena]], bonna baali balabika ng'abaali baagala okugula mu ntandikwa, <ref name=":5" /><ref name="FI1999" /><ref name=":6" /> naye okukakkana n'eteekayo okusaba kwabwe, okuggyako SAA eyasigala nga ye yokka etaddeyo okusaba kwayo okw'okugula kuntandikwa ya 1999.<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /><ref name=":7" /> SAA yandibadde yalina okwetaba mu kampuni eno ebitundu 49%;<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> wadde kyali kityo, oluvannyuma yasuula okusaba kwayo oluvannyuma lw’okusanga okuvuganyizibwa okw’amaanyi mu lukiiko lw’ababaka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> Olw’okuba tewaali awaayo ssente ng'ayagala kugula kampuni eno, Gavumenti ya Uganda yasazaamu kampuni y’ennyonyi eno mu Gwokutaano mu 2001.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> == Ebifo ennyonyi gy’etambulira oba gy’etuuka. == Okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu]] mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe International Airport, mu kiseera kyayo bweyabeerera ey'amaanyi, kampuni eno yali ekola enteekateeka z’okugenda mu bifo ebiri munda mu [[Afirika]], Bulaaya ne Middle East. Wammanga lwe lukalala lw’ebifo Uganda Airlines bye yaweereza mu byafaayo byayo byonna: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eggwanga !Ekibuga !Ekisaawe ky'enyonyi !Ebiwandiike ! class="unsortable" |Ebijjuliziddwaamu |- |[[Bubirigi|Belgium]] |[[Brussels]] |[[Brussels Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982){{--}}European services |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IzXZt35G?url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-date=19 August 2013 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Burundi]] |[[Bujumbura]] |[[Bujumbura International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |[[Goma]] |[[Goma International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998" /> |- |[[Kinshasa]] |[[N'djili Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998">{{Cite journal |date=1–7 April 1998 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200883.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=91 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Girimane|Germany]] |[[Cologne]] |[[Cologne Bonn Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Timetable (Effective 30 March 1986{{spaced ndash}}25 October 1986) |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu86/qu86-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Israel]] |[[Tel Aviv]] |[[Ben Gurion Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |[[Yitale|Italy]] |[[Rome]] |[[Rome Fiumicino Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kenya]] |[[Mombasa]] |[[Moi International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=3–9 April 1996 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200820.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=84 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Nairobi]] |[[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Rwanda]] |[[Kigali]] |[[Kigali International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[South Africa]] |[[Johannesburg]] |[[O. R. Tambo International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Tanzania]] |[[Dar-es-Salaam]] |[[Julius Nyerere International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kilimanjaro]] |[[Kilimanjaro International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mwanza]] |[[Mwanza Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—International services: Tanzania/Kenya/Uganda |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |[[Yuganda|Uganda]] |[[Arua]] |[[Arua Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Entebbe]]/[[Kampala]] |[[Entebbe International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Gulu]] |[[Gulu Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kasese]] |[[Kasese Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]] |[[Mbarara Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Soroti]] |[[Soroti Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> |- |[[Tororo]] |[[Tororo Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—Domestic services: East/Northern |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-4.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[United Arab Emirates]] |[[Dubai]] |[[Dubai International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]] | rowspan="2" |[[London]] |[[Gatwick Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Stansted Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=17 March 1979 |title=Amin cargo flights banned by Britain |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200849.html |format=PDF |journal=Flight International |page=815 |access-date=12 May 2011 |quote=Uganda Airlines' regular cargo flights between Stansted and Entebbe have been stopped by the British Government, although there is no embargo on return services.}}</ref> |- |[[Zambia]] |[[Lusaka]] |[[Lusaka International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |[[Harare]] |[[Harare International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999">{{Cite journal |date=31 March – 6 April 1999 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200826.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |page=106 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> |} === Endagaano z’okukolagana mu kukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi. === Wammanga kuliko olukalala lwa amakampuni g’ennyonyi Uganda Airlines ge yali yakola nago [[Endagaano z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi|endagaano mu nkolagana z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi]] mu kiseera we yaggalibwa; engendo z’ennyonyi zaali zikolebwa ddala Uganda Airlines: * Air Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam ne Johannesburg okugenda/okuva Entebbe * [[Emirates]], Dubai okutuuka/okuva Entebbe * Kenya Airways, Nairobi okutuuka/okuva Entebbe == Ebibinja by'ennyonyi == * [[Britten-Norman Trislander]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[Twin Otter]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * Boeing 707-320C<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Boeing 727]]<ref name="Uganda slashes services ahead of SAA takeover" /> * [[Boeing 737-200]]<ref name="Uganda eyes foreign cash" /> * [[Boeing 737-500]]<ref name="Pressure mounts for Uganda Airlines" /><ref name="Serving Africa" /> * [[Cessna 402B]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cessna U206]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee 235]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee Six]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Fokker F-27-600]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[King Air 100]]<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Lockheed L-100-30]]<ref name="FI1990" /> == Obubenje n'ebyagwawo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-300C_5X-UBC_FCO_Apr_1983.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ekika kya 5X-UBC, eya Uganda Airlines Boeing 707-320C, yarabibwaako ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Fiumicino mu 1983. Ennyonyi eno yennyini yagwa ku kisaawe kye kimu nga 17 Ogwekumi mu 1988.]]  Okusinziira ku [[Aviation Safety Network]], kampuni eno yafuna obubenje/embeera embi yamirundi esatu mu byafaayo byaayo byonna; naye kimu kyokka ku byo kye kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2004 |title=Accident record for Uganda Airlines |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |access-date=19 July 2011 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620045816/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Obubenje obwaviirako ennyonyi okwonooneka okutuuka nga tebakyasobola gitereeza]] bulagiddwa wansi. * Nga 1 Ogwokuna mu 1979: Ennyonyi y'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C, [[eyali ewandisiddwa]] nga 5X-UAL, eyali eyimiridde ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, yasaanyizibwawo [[amagye ga Tanzania]] mu [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Tewali muntu yenna yafulumizibwa nti yali afudde. * Nga 17 Ogwekkumi mu 1988: [[Ennyonyi 775]] yali nnyonyi ya nsi yonna eyali etegekeddwa okusaabaza abantu okuva e [[London-Gatwick]] – [[Rome-Fiumicino]] –Entebbe empeereza y’ennyonyi etambuza abasaabaze eyagwa olw’obutalaba bulungi mu kaseera k’okusembera ku kisaawe mu kitundu ekyasembayo eky’olugendo lwayo olusooka, nga esembera ku Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi ekya Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino. Ennyonyi eno yali etambulira ku nnyonyi ya Boeing 707-320C, eyalina enamba 5X-UBC [[ku mukira gwayo]]. Ennyonyi eno yamenyeka oluvannyuma lw’okutomera akasolya k’ekizimbe, n’ekwata omuliro. Ku bantu 52 abaali mu nnyonyi, abantu 33 beebaafa, ate bangi abaasimattuka ne balumizibwa nnyo. <ref name=":9">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19881017-0</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=21 January 1989 |title=COMMERCIAL FLIGHT SAFETY – FATAL ACCIDENTS: SCHEDULED PASSENGER FLIGHTS |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200165.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |pages=51 |access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Eby'entambula mu Uganda]] * == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ensibuko == Guttery, Ben R. (1998). ''Encyclopedia of African Airlines''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>0-7864-0495-7</bdi>. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == Media related to Uganda Airlines (1976-2001) at Wikimedia Commons nhx2a1jqkr1m1ei46tab06bj19z94lw 63489 63487 2026-07-17T21:03:05Z Musuuza 11013 ngasseeko laba ne 63489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}''Ku kampuni y’ennyonyi ey’erinnya lye limu eyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 2018, laba [[Uganda Airlines]].'' '''Uganda Airlines''', mu mateeka emanyiddwa nga ''Uganda Airlines Corporation'', ye yali kampuni y’ennyonyi eyali [[ekiikirira Fulaaga]] ya [[Uganda]]. Kampuni eno yateekebwawo mu Gwokutaano '''1976''', era n’etandika emirimu gyayo mu mwaka gwa '''1977'''. Ekitebe ekikulu kyali kiteekeddwa [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], Uganda, era yakoleranga okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu eky’emirimu]] mu [[Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi eky’Ensi yonna ekya Entebbe.]]<ref>{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> [[Gavumenti ya Uganda]] yagezaako okuguliza kampuni eno abantu oba amakampuni ag’obwannannyini okugifuula ey’obwannannyini, naye bonna abaali boolekedde okugigula baava mu nkola eyo. Kino kyaviirako Uganda Airlines Corporation okuggalwa n’okumalibwawo ddala mu Gwokutaano 2001. Oluvannyuma, kampuni y’ennyonyi eno yazzibwawo era n’etandika nate okukola engendo z’ennyonyi mu mwaka gwa '''2019''' n’erinnya lyerimu erya [[:en:Uganda_Airlines|Uganda Airlines]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Ebyafaayo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-320C_5X-UAC_LFSB_Oct_1980.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ya Uganda Airlines ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_707-320C|Boeing 707-320C]] ku [[:en:Euroairport|kisaawe kya Euroairport]] mu 1980.]] Uganda Airlines yatandikibwawo mu mwezi gwa May 1976 nga kampuni etwalibwa nga e ttabi ly’ekitongole kya [[Gavumenti]] ekyali kimanyiddwa nga [[Uganda Development Corporation]] (UDC), okusikira empeereza eyali esooka okuweebwa kampuni ya [[East African Airways]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> Yatandika emirimu gyayo mu 1977, nga mu kiseera ekyo ''Uganda Aviation Services (UAS)'', eyatandikibwawo kampuni ya [[British United Airways]] mu 1965 kyokka ebiseera ebyo eyali kampuni ya UDC, n'eyingizibwa mu Uganda Airlines, n'etwala omukutu gw'amakubo ga UAS.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref><ref>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutuusibwa kw'enyonyi y'ekika kya [[Boeing 707-320C]] eyasooka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 nga giggwaako, amakubo amapya agad genda e [[Brussels]], [[London]] ne [[Rome]] gaatongozebwa. Ennyonyi ey'okubiri ey'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C yayingira mu zaali zikozesebwa mu 1981. Omwaka ogwo, amakubo amapya agagenda e [[Cairo]], [[Cologne]] ne [[Dubai]] gaatongozebwa, ne gagobererwa ag'e [[Dar es Salaam,]] [[Kilimanjaro]] ne [[Nairobi]] mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> We bwatuukira mu Gwokusatu mu 1990 ebika byennyonyi byebaali bakozesa mwalimu ekika kya Boeing 707-320C kimu, [[Fokker F27-600]] biri, [[Lockheed L-100-30]] emu,[[Twin Otter]] emu ne [[BN Trislander]] emu. Ennyonyi ekika kya [[Boeing 737]] [[yapangisibwa]] okuva mu [[Air Zimbabwe]] mu 1994 okuweereza [[Bujumbura]] ne [[Kigali]], wamu n'ebifo ebiri mu [[South Africa|South Afrika]]. [[Tel Aviv]] yayongerwa ku mukutu gw’amakubo mu 1995, era wetwatuukira mu 1998 amakubo gonna ag'omu [[Bulaaya]] gaayimirizibwa.<ref name=":2" /> Olw’okutondawo kampuni ya [[Alliance Air]] ku nkomerero ya 1994 —oluvannyuma eyamanyibwa nga ''SA Alliance'' —ekitongole ekyali kitwalibwa gavumenti ya [[Tanzania]] ne [[Uganda]], [[Air Tanzania]] ne Uganda Airlines, awamu ne [[South African Airways]] (SAA), [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaawa kampuni empya eddembe ly’okukola emirimu egy’ewala.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=28 April – 4 May 1999 |title=Air Mauritius pulls out of Uganda discussions |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201104.html |journal=Flight International |pages=24 |access-date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="FI1998" /> Endagaano eno yali egenderera okuliisa emirimu gya Alliance Air n’empeereza zombi eza Air Tanzania ne Uganda Airlines ez’omunda n’ez’omu kitundu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> Kyokka [[kampuni z’ennyonyi]] zombi ez’omu kitundu zaakula kitono okusinga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, era olw'okuba yakulakulana kitono. Uganda Airlines kye yakunganya kyaleetera Gavumenti ya Uganda okusalawo oba egenda kusazaamu kampuni eno oba okugitwala mu bwannannyini.<ref name=":3" /> === Okugezaako okugifuula ey’obwannannyini n’okuggalwa kwayo. === Ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990, kampuni eno yali mu mbeera ya ssente ezaali teziyingira bulungi olw’enzirukanya embi,<ref name=":5" /> Gavumenti ya Uganda bwe yateekateeka okutwala kampuni y’ennyonyi eno eyali mu mabanja mu bwannannyini, ng’enoonya omusigansimbi okukuuma kampuni eno ng’ekola. Mu kusooka kampuni eziwerako zaalina obwagazi bw'okutwala kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya Uganda Airlines. SA Alliance/ [[SAA]], [[Air Mauritius,]] [[British Airways]], [[Johannesburg]] -ewasinganibwa Inter Air, [[Kenya Airways]], ne [[Sabena]], bonna baali balabika ng'abaali baagala okugula mu ntandikwa, <ref name=":5" /><ref name="FI1999" /><ref name=":6" /> naye okukakkana n'eteekayo okusaba kwabwe, okuggyako SAA eyasigala nga ye yokka etaddeyo okusaba kwayo okw'okugula kuntandikwa ya 1999.<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /><ref name=":7" /> SAA yandibadde yalina okwetaba mu kampuni eno ebitundu 49%;<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> wadde kyali kityo, oluvannyuma yasuula okusaba kwayo oluvannyuma lw’okusanga okuvuganyizibwa okw’amaanyi mu lukiiko lw’ababaka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> Olw’okuba tewaali awaayo ssente ng'ayagala kugula kampuni eno, Gavumenti ya Uganda yasazaamu kampuni y’ennyonyi eno mu Gwokutaano mu 2001.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> == Ebifo ennyonyi gy’etambulira oba gy’etuuka. == Okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu]] mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe International Airport, mu kiseera kyayo bweyabeerera ey'amaanyi, kampuni eno yali ekola enteekateeka z’okugenda mu bifo ebiri munda mu [[Afirika]], Bulaaya ne Middle East. Wammanga lwe lukalala lw’ebifo Uganda Airlines bye yaweereza mu byafaayo byayo byonna: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eggwanga !Ekibuga !Ekisaawe ky'enyonyi !Ebiwandiike ! class="unsortable" |Ebijjuliziddwaamu |- |[[Bubirigi|Belgium]] |[[Brussels]] |[[Brussels Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982){{--}}European services |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IzXZt35G?url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-date=19 August 2013 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Burundi]] |[[Bujumbura]] |[[Bujumbura International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |[[Goma]] |[[Goma International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998" /> |- |[[Kinshasa]] |[[N'djili Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998">{{Cite journal |date=1–7 April 1998 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200883.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=91 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Girimane|Germany]] |[[Cologne]] |[[Cologne Bonn Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Timetable (Effective 30 March 1986{{spaced ndash}}25 October 1986) |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu86/qu86-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Israel]] |[[Tel Aviv]] |[[Ben Gurion Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |[[Yitale|Italy]] |[[Rome]] |[[Rome Fiumicino Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kenya]] |[[Mombasa]] |[[Moi International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=3–9 April 1996 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200820.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=84 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Nairobi]] |[[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Rwanda]] |[[Kigali]] |[[Kigali International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[South Africa]] |[[Johannesburg]] |[[O. R. Tambo International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Tanzania]] |[[Dar-es-Salaam]] |[[Julius Nyerere International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kilimanjaro]] |[[Kilimanjaro International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mwanza]] |[[Mwanza Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—International services: Tanzania/Kenya/Uganda |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |[[Yuganda|Uganda]] |[[Arua]] |[[Arua Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Entebbe]]/[[Kampala]] |[[Entebbe International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Gulu]] |[[Gulu Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kasese]] |[[Kasese Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]] |[[Mbarara Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Soroti]] |[[Soroti Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> |- |[[Tororo]] |[[Tororo Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—Domestic services: East/Northern |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-4.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[United Arab Emirates]] |[[Dubai]] |[[Dubai International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]] | rowspan="2" |[[London]] |[[Gatwick Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Stansted Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=17 March 1979 |title=Amin cargo flights banned by Britain |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200849.html |format=PDF |journal=Flight International |page=815 |access-date=12 May 2011 |quote=Uganda Airlines' regular cargo flights between Stansted and Entebbe have been stopped by the British Government, although there is no embargo on return services.}}</ref> |- |[[Zambia]] |[[Lusaka]] |[[Lusaka International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |[[Harare]] |[[Harare International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999">{{Cite journal |date=31 March – 6 April 1999 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200826.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |page=106 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> |} === Endagaano z’okukolagana mu kukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi. === Wammanga kuliko olukalala lwa amakampuni g’ennyonyi Uganda Airlines ge yali yakola nago [[Endagaano z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi|endagaano mu nkolagana z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi]] mu kiseera we yaggalibwa; engendo z’ennyonyi zaali zikolebwa ddala Uganda Airlines: * Air Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam ne Johannesburg okugenda/okuva Entebbe * [[Emirates]], Dubai okutuuka/okuva Entebbe * Kenya Airways, Nairobi okutuuka/okuva Entebbe == Ebibinja by'ennyonyi == * [[Britten-Norman Trislander]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[Twin Otter]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * Boeing 707-320C<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Boeing 727]]<ref name="Uganda slashes services ahead of SAA takeover" /> * [[Boeing 737-200]]<ref name="Uganda eyes foreign cash" /> * [[Boeing 737-500]]<ref name="Pressure mounts for Uganda Airlines" /><ref name="Serving Africa" /> * [[Cessna 402B]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cessna U206]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee 235]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee Six]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Fokker F-27-600]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[King Air 100]]<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Lockheed L-100-30]]<ref name="FI1990" /> == Obubenje n'ebyagwawo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-300C_5X-UBC_FCO_Apr_1983.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ekika kya 5X-UBC, eya Uganda Airlines Boeing 707-320C, yarabibwaako ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Fiumicino mu 1983. Ennyonyi eno yennyini yagwa ku kisaawe kye kimu nga 17 Ogwekumi mu 1988.]]  Okusinziira ku [[Aviation Safety Network]], kampuni eno yafuna obubenje/embeera embi yamirundi esatu mu byafaayo byaayo byonna; naye kimu kyokka ku byo kye kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2004 |title=Accident record for Uganda Airlines |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |access-date=19 July 2011 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620045816/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Obubenje obwaviirako ennyonyi okwonooneka okutuuka nga tebakyasobola gitereeza]] bulagiddwa wansi. * Nga 1 Ogwokuna mu 1979: Ennyonyi y'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C, [[eyali ewandisiddwa]] nga 5X-UAL, eyali eyimiridde ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, yasaanyizibwawo [[amagye ga Tanzania]] mu [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Tewali muntu yenna yafulumizibwa nti yali afudde. * Nga 17 Ogwekkumi mu 1988: [[Ennyonyi 775]] yali nnyonyi ya nsi yonna eyali etegekeddwa okusaabaza abantu okuva e [[London-Gatwick]] – [[Rome-Fiumicino]] –Entebbe empeereza y’ennyonyi etambuza abasaabaze eyagwa olw’obutalaba bulungi mu kaseera k’okusembera ku kisaawe mu kitundu ekyasembayo eky’olugendo lwayo olusooka, nga esembera ku Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi ekya Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino. Ennyonyi eno yali etambulira ku nnyonyi ya Boeing 707-320C, eyalina enamba 5X-UBC [[ku mukira gwayo]]. Ennyonyi eno yamenyeka oluvannyuma lw’okutomera akasolya k’ekizimbe, n’ekwata omuliro. Ku bantu 52 abaali mu nnyonyi, abantu 33 beebaafa, ate bangi abaasimattuka ne balumizibwa nnyo. <ref name=":9">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19881017-0</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=21 January 1989 |title=COMMERCIAL FLIGHT SAFETY – FATAL ACCIDENTS: SCHEDULED PASSENGER FLIGHTS |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200165.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |pages=51 |access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Eby'entambula mu Uganda]] *[[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] *[[Aviation Safety Network]] *[[Ennyonyi 775]] *[[Entebbe]] *[[Emirates]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ensibuko == Guttery, Ben R. (1998). ''Encyclopedia of African Airlines''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>0-7864-0495-7</bdi>. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == Media related to Uganda Airlines (1976-2001) at Wikimedia Commons mj8emge4iayta71qu121812tk361xgk 63490 63489 2026-07-17T21:09:56Z Musuuza 11013 nyongeddeko obutindo 63490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}''Ku kampuni y’ennyonyi ey’erinnya lye limu eyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 2018, laba [[Uganda Airlines]].'' '''Uganda Airlines''', mu mateeka emanyiddwa nga ''Uganda Airlines Corporation'', ye yali kampuni y’ennyonyi eyali [[ekiikirira Fulaaga]] ya [[Uganda]]. Kampuni eno yateekebwawo mu Gwokutaano '''1976''', era n’etandika emirimu gyayo mu mwaka gwa '''1977'''. Ekitebe ekikulu kyali kiteekeddwa [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], Uganda, era yakoleranga okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu eky’emirimu]] mu [[Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi eky’Ensi yonna ekya Entebbe.]]<ref>{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> [[Gavumenti ya Uganda]] yagezaako okuguliza kampuni eno abantu oba amakampuni ag’obwannannyini okugifuula ey’obwannannyini, naye bonna abaali boolekedde okugigula baava mu nkola eyo. Kino kyaviirako Uganda Airlines Corporation okuggalwa n’okumalibwawo ddala mu Gwokutaano 2001. Oluvannyuma, kampuni y’ennyonyi eno yazzibwawo era n’etandika nate okukola engendo z’ennyonyi mu mwaka gwa '''2019''' n’erinnya lyerimu erya [[:en:Uganda_Airlines|Uganda Airlines]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Ebyafaayo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-320C_5X-UAC_LFSB_Oct_1980.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ya Uganda Airlines ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_707-320C|Boeing 707-320C]] ku [[:en:Euroairport|kisaawe kya Euroairport]] mu 1980.]] Uganda Airlines yatandikibwawo mu mwezi gwa May 1976 nga kampuni etwalibwa nga e ttabi ly’ekitongole kya [[Gavumenti]] ekyali kimanyiddwa nga [[Uganda Development Corporation]] (UDC), okusikira empeereza eyali esooka okuweebwa kampuni ya [[East African Airways]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |date=21 March 1974 |title=World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS) |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=61 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> Yatandika emirimu gyayo mu 1977, nga mu kiseera ekyo ''Uganda Aviation Services (UAS)'', eyatandikibwawo kampuni ya [[British United Airways]] mu 1965 kyokka ebiseera ebyo eyali kampuni ya UDC, n'eyingizibwa mu Uganda Airlines, n'etwala omukutu gw'amakubo ga UAS.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref><ref>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutuusibwa kw'enyonyi y'ekika kya [[Boeing 707-320C]] eyasooka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 nga giggwaako, amakubo amapya agad genda e [[Brussels]], [[London]] ne [[Rome]] gaatongozebwa. Ennyonyi ey'okubiri ey'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C yayingira mu zaali zikozesebwa mu 1981. Omwaka ogwo, amakubo amapya agagenda e [[Cairo]], [[Cologne]] ne [[Dubai]] gaatongozebwa, ne gagobererwa ag'e [[Dar es Salaam,]] [[Kilimanjaro]] ne [[Nairobi]] mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> We bwatuukira mu Gwokusatu mu 1990 ebika byennyonyi byebaali bakozesa mwalimu ekika kya Boeing 707-320C kimu, [[Fokker F27-600]] biri, [[Lockheed L-100-30]] emu,[[Twin Otter]] emu ne [[BN Trislander]] emu. Ennyonyi ekika kya [[Boeing 737]] [[yapangisibwa]] okuva mu [[Air Zimbabwe]] mu 1994 okuweereza [[Bujumbura]] ne [[Kigali]], wamu n'ebifo ebiri mu [[South Africa|South Afrika]]. [[Tel Aviv]] yayongerwa ku mukutu gw’amakubo mu 1995, era wetwatuukira mu 1998 amakubo gonna ag'omu [[Bulaaya]] gaayimirizibwa.<ref name=":2" /> Olw’okutondawo kampuni ya [[Alliance Air]] ku nkomerero ya 1994 —oluvannyuma eyamanyibwa nga ''SA Alliance'' —ekitongole ekyali kitwalibwa gavumenti ya [[Tanzania]] ne [[Uganda]], [[Air Tanzania]] ne Uganda Airlines, awamu ne [[South African Airways]] (SAA), [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaawa kampuni empya eddembe ly’okukola emirimu egy’ewala.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=28 April – 4 May 1999 |title=Air Mauritius pulls out of Uganda discussions |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201104.html |journal=Flight International |pages=24 |access-date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="FI1998" /> Endagaano eno yali egenderera okuliisa emirimu gya Alliance Air n’empeereza zombi eza Air Tanzania ne Uganda Airlines ez’omunda n’ez’omu kitundu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> Kyokka [[kampuni z’ennyonyi]] zombi ez’omu kitundu zaakula kitono okusinga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, era olw'okuba yakulakulana kitono. Uganda Airlines kye yakunganya kyaleetera Gavumenti ya Uganda okusalawo oba egenda kusazaamu kampuni eno oba okugitwala mu bwannannyini.<ref name=":3" /> === Okugezaako okugifuula ey’obwannannyini n’okuggalwa kwayo. === Ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990, kampuni eno yali mu mbeera ya ssente ezaali teziyingira bulungi olw’enzirukanya embi,<ref name=":5" /> Gavumenti ya Uganda bwe yateekateeka okutwala kampuni y’ennyonyi eno eyali mu mabanja mu bwannannyini, ng’enoonya omusigansimbi okukuuma kampuni eno ng’ekola. Mu kusooka kampuni eziwerako zaalina obwagazi bw'okutwala kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya Uganda Airlines. SA Alliance/ [[SAA]], [[Air Mauritius,]] [[British Airways]], [[Johannesburg]] -ewasinganibwa Inter Air, [[Kenya Airways]], ne [[Sabena]], bonna baali balabika ng'abaali baagala okugula mu ntandikwa, <ref name=":5" /><ref name="FI1999" /><ref name=":6" /> naye okukakkana n'eteekayo okusaba kwabwe, okuggyako SAA eyasigala nga ye yokka etaddeyo okusaba kwayo okw'okugula kuntandikwa ya 1999.<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /><ref name=":7" /> SAA yandibadde yalina okwetaba mu kampuni eno ebitundu 49%;<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> wadde kyali kityo, oluvannyuma yasuula okusaba kwayo oluvannyuma lw’okusanga okuvuganyizibwa okw’amaanyi mu lukiiko lw’ababaka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> Olw’okuba tewaali awaayo ssente ng'ayagala kugula kampuni eno, Gavumenti ya Uganda yasazaamu kampuni y’ennyonyi eno mu Gwokutaano mu 2001.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> == Ebifo ennyonyi gy’etambulira oba gy’etuuka. == Okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu]] mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe International Airport, mu kiseera kyayo bweyabeerera ey'amaanyi, kampuni eno yali ekola enteekateeka z’okugenda mu bifo ebiri munda mu [[Afirika]], Bulaaya ne Middle East. Wammanga lwe lukalala lw’ebifo Uganda Airlines bye yaweereza mu byafaayo byayo byonna: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eggwanga !Ekibuga !Ekisaawe ky'enyonyi !Ebiwandiike ! class="unsortable" |Ebijjuliziddwaamu |- |[[Bubirigi|Belgium]] |[[Brussels]] |[[Brussels Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982){{--}}European services |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IzXZt35G?url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-date=19 August 2013 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Burundi]] |[[Bujumbura]] |[[Bujumbura International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |[[Goma]] |[[Goma International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998" /> |- |[[Kinshasa]] |[[N'djili Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998">{{Cite journal |date=1–7 April 1998 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200883.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=91 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Girimane|Germany]] |[[Cologne]] |[[Cologne Bonn Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Timetable (Effective 30 March 1986{{spaced ndash}}25 October 1986) |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu86/qu86-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Israel]] |[[Tel Aviv]] |[[Ben Gurion Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |[[Yitale|Italy]] |[[Rome]] |[[Rome Fiumicino Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kenya]] |[[Mombasa]] |[[Moi International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=3–9 April 1996 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200820.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=84 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Nairobi]] |[[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Rwanda]] |[[Kigali]] |[[Kigali International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[South Africa]] |[[Johannesburg]] |[[O. R. Tambo International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Tanzania]] |[[Dar-es-Salaam]] |[[Julius Nyerere International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kilimanjaro]] |[[Kilimanjaro International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mwanza]] |[[Mwanza Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—International services: Tanzania/Kenya/Uganda |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |[[Yuganda|Uganda]] |[[Arua]] |[[Arua Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Entebbe]]/[[Kampala]] |[[Entebbe International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Gulu]] |[[Gulu Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kasese]] |[[Kasese Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]] |[[Mbarara Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Soroti]] |[[Soroti Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> |- |[[Tororo]] |[[Tororo Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—Domestic services: East/Northern |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-4.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[United Arab Emirates]] |[[Dubai]] |[[Dubai International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]] | rowspan="2" |[[London]] |[[Gatwick Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Stansted Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=17 March 1979 |title=Amin cargo flights banned by Britain |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200849.html |format=PDF |journal=Flight International |page=815 |access-date=12 May 2011 |quote=Uganda Airlines' regular cargo flights between Stansted and Entebbe have been stopped by the British Government, although there is no embargo on return services.}}</ref> |- |[[Zambia]] |[[Lusaka]] |[[Lusaka International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |[[Harare]] |[[Harare International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999">{{Cite journal |date=31 March – 6 April 1999 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200826.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |page=106 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> |} === Endagaano z’okukolagana mu kukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi. === Wammanga kuliko olukalala lwa amakampuni g’ennyonyi Uganda Airlines ge yali yakola nago [[Endagaano z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi|endagaano mu nkolagana z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi]] mu kiseera we yaggalibwa; engendo z’ennyonyi zaali zikolebwa ddala Uganda Airlines: * Air Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam ne Johannesburg okugenda/okuva Entebbe * [[Emirates]], Dubai okutuuka/okuva Entebbe * Kenya Airways, Nairobi okutuuka/okuva Entebbe == Ebibinja by'ennyonyi == * [[Britten-Norman Trislander]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[Twin Otter]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * Boeing 707-320C<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Boeing 727]]<ref name="Uganda slashes services ahead of SAA takeover" /> * [[Boeing 737-200]]<ref name="Uganda eyes foreign cash" /> * [[Boeing 737-500]]<ref name="Pressure mounts for Uganda Airlines" /><ref name="Serving Africa" /> * [[Cessna 402B]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cessna U206]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee 235]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee Six]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Fokker F-27-600]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[King Air 100]]<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Lockheed L-100-30]]<ref name="FI1990" /> == Obubenje n'ebyagwawo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-300C_5X-UBC_FCO_Apr_1983.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ekika kya 5X-UBC, eya Uganda Airlines Boeing 707-320C, yarabibwaako ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Fiumicino mu 1983. Ennyonyi eno yennyini yagwa ku kisaawe kye kimu nga 17 Ogwekumi mu 1988.]]  Okusinziira ku [[Aviation Safety Network]], kampuni eno yafuna obubenje/embeera embi yamirundi esatu mu byafaayo byaayo byonna; naye kimu kyokka ku byo kye kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2004 |title=Accident record for Uganda Airlines |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |access-date=19 July 2011 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620045816/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4700 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Obubenje obwaviirako ennyonyi okwonooneka okutuuka nga tebakyasobola gitereeza]] bulagiddwa wansi. * Nga 1 Ogwokuna mu 1979: Ennyonyi y'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C, [[eyali ewandisiddwa]] nga 5X-UAL, eyali eyimiridde ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, yasaanyizibwawo [[amagye ga Tanzania]] mu [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Tewali muntu yenna yafulumizibwa nti yali afudde. * Nga 17 Ogwekkumi mu 1988: [[Ennyonyi 775]] yali nnyonyi ya nsi yonna eyali etegekeddwa okusaabaza abantu okuva e [[London-Gatwick]] – [[Rome-Fiumicino]] –Entebbe empeereza y’ennyonyi etambuza abasaabaze eyagwa olw’obutalaba bulungi mu kaseera k’okusembera ku kisaawe mu kitundu ekyasembayo eky’olugendo lwayo olusooka, nga esembera ku Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi ekya Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino. Ennyonyi eno yali etambulira ku nnyonyi ya Boeing 707-320C, eyalina enamba 5X-UBC [[ku mukira gwayo]]. Ennyonyi eno yamenyeka oluvannyuma lw’okutomera akasolya k’ekizimbe, n’ekwata omuliro. Ku bantu 52 abaali mu nnyonyi, abantu 33 beebaafa, ate bangi abaasimattuka ne balumizibwa nnyo. <ref name=":9">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19881017-0</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=21 January 1989 |title=COMMERCIAL FLIGHT SAFETY – FATAL ACCIDENTS: SCHEDULED PASSENGER FLIGHTS |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200165.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |pages=51 |access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Eby'entambula mu Uganda]] *[[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] *[[Aviation Safety Network]] *[[Ennyonyi 775]] *[[Entebbe]] *[[Emirates]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ensibuko == Guttery, Ben R. (1998). ''Encyclopedia of African Airlines''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. [[ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[0-7864-0495-7]]</bdi>. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == Media related to [[Uganda Airlines (1976-2001)]] at Wikimedia Commons qdi93ppcwkhx1jt7y2miuikwtpdbocq 63497 63490 2026-07-17T21:44:04Z Musuuza 11013 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 63497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}''Ku kampuni y’ennyonyi ey’erinnya lye limu eyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 2018, laba [[Uganda Airlines]].'' '''Uganda Airlines''', mu mateeka emanyiddwa nga ''Uganda Airlines Corporation'', ye yali kampuni y’ennyonyi eyali [[ekiikirira Fulaaga]] ya [[Uganda]].<ref>[http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/uganda-plans-to-relaunch-uganda-airlines-and-invest-usd400-million-in-airport-developments-121503 "Uganda plans to relaunch Uganda Airlines and invest USD400 million in airport developments"]. Centre for Aviation. 1 August 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130812041628/http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/uganda-plans-to-relaunch-uganda-airlines-and-invest-usd400-million-in-airport-developments-121503 Archived] from the original on 12 August 2013.</ref> Kampuni eno yateekebwawo mu Gwokutaano '''1976''', era n’etandika emirimu gyayo mu mwaka gwa '''1977'''. Ekitebe ekikulu kyali kiteekeddwa [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], Uganda, era yakoleranga okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu eky’emirimu]] mu [[Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi eky’Ensi yonna ekya Entebbe.]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Gavumenti ya Uganda]] yagezaako okuguliza kampuni eno abantu oba amakampuni ag’obwannannyini okugifuula ey’obwannannyini, naye bonna abaali boolekedde okugigula baava mu nkola eyo. Kino kyaviirako Uganda Airlines Corporation okuggalwa n’okumalibwawo ddala mu Gwokutaano 2001. Oluvannyuma, kampuni y’ennyonyi eno yazzibwawo era n’etandika nate okukola engendo z’ennyonyi mu mwaka gwa '''2019''' n’erinnya lyerimu erya [[:en:Uganda_Airlines|Uganda Airlines]]. <ref name=":1">Nensel, Mark (18 July 2018). [https://atwonline.com/farnborough-airshow-2018/revived-uganda-flag-carrier-orders-crj900s-a330neos "Revived Uganda flag carrier orders CRJ900s, A330neos"]. ''Aviation Week Network''. Retrieved 15 July 2025.</ref> == Ebyafaayo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-320C_5X-UAC_LFSB_Oct_1980.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ya Uganda Airlines ekika kya [[:en:Boeing_707-320C|Boeing 707-320C]] ku [[:en:Euroairport|kisaawe kya Euroairport]] mu 1980.]] Uganda Airlines yatandikibwawo mu mwezi gwa May 1976 nga kampuni etwalibwa nga e ttabi ly’ekitongole kya [[Gavumenti]] ekyali kimanyiddwa nga [[Uganda Development Corporation]] (UDC), okusikira empeereza eyali esooka okuweebwa kampuni ya [[East African Airways]].<ref name=":11" /> Yatandika emirimu gyayo mu 1977, nga mu kiseera ekyo ''Uganda Aviation Services (UAS)'', eyatandikibwawo kampuni ya [[British United Airways]] mu 1965 kyokka ebiseera ebyo eyali kampuni ya UDC, n'eyingizibwa mu Uganda Airlines, n'etwala omukutu gw'amakubo ga UAS.<ref name=":11">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105150927/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200989.html "World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines"]. ''Flight International'': 129. 30 March 1985. Archived from [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200989.html the original] (PDF) on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />Oluvannyuma lw’okutuusibwa kw'enyonyi y'ekika kya [[Boeing 707-320C]] eyasooka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 nga giggwaako, amakubo amapya agad genda e [[Brussels]], [[London]] ne [[Rome]] gaatongozebwa. Ennyonyi ey'okubiri ey'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C yayingira mu zaali zikozesebwa mu 1981. Omwaka ogwo, amakubo amapya agagenda e [[Cairo]], [[Cologne]] ne [[Dubai]] gaatongozebwa, ne gagobererwa ag'e [[Dar es Salaam,]] [[Kilimanjaro]] ne [[Nairobi]] mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> We bwatuukira mu Gwokusatu mu 1990 ebika byennyonyi byebaali bakozesa mwalimu ekika kya Boeing 707-320C kimu, [[Fokker F27-600]] biri, [[Lockheed L-100-30]] emu,[[Twin Otter]] emu ne [[BN Trislander]] emu. Ennyonyi ekika kya [[Boeing 737]] [[yapangisibwa]] okuva mu [[Air Zimbabwe]] mu 1994 okuweereza [[Bujumbura]] ne [[Kigali]], wamu n'ebifo ebiri mu [[South Africa|South Afrika]]. [[Tel Aviv]] yayongerwa ku mukutu gw’amakubo mu 1995, era wetwatuukira mu 1998 amakubo gonna ag'omu [[Bulaaya]] gaayimirizibwa.<ref name=":2" /> Olw’okutondawo kampuni ya [[Alliance Air]] ku nkomerero ya 1994 —oluvannyuma eyamanyibwa nga ''SA Alliance'' —ekitongole ekyali kitwalibwa gavumenti ya [[Tanzania]] ne [[Uganda]], [[Air Tanzania]] ne Uganda Airlines, awamu ne [[South African Airways]] (SAA), [[Tanzania]] ne Uganda zaawa kampuni empya eddembe ly’okukola emirimu egy’ewala.<ref name=":3">[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%200487.html "World airline directory – Uganda Aviation Services (UAS)"]. ''[[:en:Flight_International|Flight International]]'': 61. 21 March 1974. Retrieved 20 January 2012.</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="FI1998" /> Endagaano eno yali egenderera okuliisa emirimu gya Alliance Air n’empeereza zombi eza Air Tanzania ne Uganda Airlines ez’omunda n’ez’omu kitundu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> Kyokka [[kampuni z’ennyonyi]] zombi ez’omu kitundu zaakula kitono okusinga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, era olw'okuba yakulakulana kitono. Uganda Airlines kye yakunganya kyaleetera Gavumenti ya Uganda okusalawo oba egenda kusazaamu kampuni eno oba okugitwala mu bwannannyini.<ref name=":3" /> === Okugezaako okugifuula ey’obwannannyini n’okuggalwa kwayo. === Ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990, kampuni eno yali mu mbeera ya ssente ezaali teziyingira bulungi olw’enzirukanya embi,<ref name=":5" /> Gavumenti ya Uganda bwe yateekateeka okutwala kampuni y’ennyonyi eno eyali mu mabanja mu bwannannyini, ng’enoonya omusigansimbi okukuuma kampuni eno ng’ekola. Mu kusooka kampuni eziwerako zaalina obwagazi bw'okutwala kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya Uganda Airlines. SA Alliance/ [[SAA]], [[Air Mauritius,]] [[British Airways]], [[Johannesburg]] -ewasinganibwa Inter Air, [[Kenya Airways]], ne [[Sabena]], bonna baali balabika ng'abaali baagala okugula mu ntandikwa, <ref name=":5" /><ref name="FI1999" /><ref name=":6" /> naye okukakkana n'eteekayo okusaba kwabwe, okuggyako SAA eyasigala nga ye yokka etaddeyo okusaba kwayo okw'okugula kuntandikwa ya 1999.<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /><ref name=":7" /> SAA yandibadde yalina okwetaba mu kampuni eno ebitundu 49%;<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> wadde kyali kityo, oluvannyuma yasuula okusaba kwayo oluvannyuma lw’okusanga okuvuganyizibwa okw’amaanyi mu lukiiko lw’ababaka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> Olw’okuba tewaali awaayo ssente ng'ayagala kugula kampuni eno, Gavumenti ya Uganda yasazaamu kampuni y’ennyonyi eno mu Gwokutaano mu 2001.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> == Ebifo ennyonyi gy’etambulira oba gy’etuuka. == Okuva ku [[kifo kyayo ekikulu]] mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe International Airport, mu kiseera kyayo bweyabeerera ey'amaanyi, kampuni eno yali ekola enteekateeka z’okugenda mu bifo ebiri munda mu [[Afirika]], Bulaaya ne Middle East. Wammanga lwe lukalala lw’ebifo Uganda Airlines bye yaweereza mu byafaayo byayo byonna: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eggwanga !Ekibuga !Ekisaawe ky'enyonyi !Ebiwandiike ! class="unsortable" |Ebijjuliziddwaamu |- |[[Bubirigi|Belgium]] |[[Brussels]] |[[Brussels Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982){{--}}European services |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IzXZt35G?url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-2.jpg |archive-date=19 August 2013 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Burundi]] |[[Bujumbura]] |[[Bujumbura International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |[[Goma]] |[[Goma International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998" /> |- |[[Kinshasa]] |[[N'djili Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1998">{{Cite journal |date=1–7 April 1998 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200883.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=91 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Girimane|Germany]] |[[Cologne]] |[[Cologne Bonn Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Timetable (Effective 30 March 1986{{spaced ndash}}25 October 1986) |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu86/qu86-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[Israel]] |[[Tel Aviv]] |[[Ben Gurion Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |[[Yitale|Italy]] |[[Rome]] |[[Rome Fiumicino Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kenya]] |[[Mombasa]] |[[Moi International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=3–9 April 1996 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200820.html |format=PDF |journal=[[Flight International]] |page=84 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |- |[[Nairobi]] |[[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Rwanda]] |[[Kigali]] |[[Kigali International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[South Africa]] |[[Johannesburg]] |[[O. R. Tambo International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Tanzania]] |[[Dar-es-Salaam]] |[[Julius Nyerere International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kilimanjaro]] |[[Kilimanjaro International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mwanza]] |[[Mwanza Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—International services: Tanzania/Kenya/Uganda |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-3.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |[[Yuganda|Uganda]] |[[Arua]] |[[Arua Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Entebbe]]/[[Kampala]] |[[Entebbe International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Gulu]] |[[Gulu Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Kasese]] |[[Kasese Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]] |[[Mbarara Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Soroti]] |[[Soroti Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg" /> |- |[[Tororo]] |[[Tororo Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu82-4.jpg">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Airlines Summer Schedules (Effective 1 April 1982{{spaced ndash}}31 October 1982)—Domestic services: East/Northern |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/qu/qu82/qu82-4.jpg |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=Airline Timetable Images}}</ref> |- |[[United Arab Emirates]] |[[Dubai]] |[[Dubai International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]] | rowspan="2" |[[London]] |[[Gatwick Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="qu86-3.jpg" /> |- |[[Stansted Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=17 March 1979 |title=Amin cargo flights banned by Britain |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200849.html |format=PDF |journal=Flight International |page=815 |access-date=12 May 2011 |quote=Uganda Airlines' regular cargo flights between Stansted and Entebbe have been stopped by the British Government, although there is no embargo on return services.}}</ref> |- |[[Zambia]] |[[Lusaka]] |[[Lusaka International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999" /> |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |[[Harare]] |[[Harare International Airport]] | align="center" | | align="center" |<ref name="FI1999">{{Cite journal |date=31 March – 6 April 1999 |title=World Airline Directory – Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200826.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |page=106 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> |} === Endagaano z’okukolagana mu kukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi. === Wammanga kuliko olukalala lwa amakampuni g’ennyonyi Uganda Airlines ge yali yakola nago [[Endagaano z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi|endagaano mu nkolagana z’okukozesa koodi z’ennyonyi]] mu kiseera we yaggalibwa; engendo z’ennyonyi zaali zikolebwa ddala Uganda Airlines: * Air Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam ne Johannesburg okugenda/okuva Entebbe * [[Emirates]], Dubai okutuuka/okuva Entebbe * Kenya Airways, Nairobi okutuuka/okuva Entebbe == Ebibinja by'ennyonyi == * [[Britten-Norman Trislander]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[Twin Otter]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * Boeing 707-320C<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Boeing 727]]<ref name="Uganda slashes services ahead of SAA takeover" /> * [[Boeing 737-200]]<ref name="Uganda eyes foreign cash" /> * [[Boeing 737-500]]<ref name="Pressure mounts for Uganda Airlines" /><ref name="Serving Africa" /> * [[Cessna 402B]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cessna U206]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee 235]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Cherokee Six]]<ref name="FI1979" /> * [[Fokker F-27-600]]<ref name="FI1990" /> * [[King Air 100]]<ref name="FI1985" /> * [[Lockheed L-100-30]]<ref name="FI1990" /> == Obubenje n'ebyagwawo == [[File:Uganda_Airlines_Boeing_707-300C_5X-UBC_FCO_Apr_1983.png|thumb|Ennyonyi ekika kya 5X-UBC, eya Uganda Airlines Boeing 707-320C, yarabibwaako ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Fiumicino mu 1983. Ennyonyi eno yennyini yagwa ku kisaawe kye kimu nga 17 Ogwekumi mu 1988.]]  Okusinziira ku [[Aviation Safety Network]], kampuni eno yafuna obubenje/embeera embi yamirundi esatu mu byafaayo byaayo byonna; naye kimu kyokka ku byo kye kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu. <ref name=":0">Tentena, Paul (16 July 2013). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201307171081.html?viewall=1 "Uganda Ponders Airline Revival"]. [[:en:Allafrica.com|Allafrica.com]]. East African Business Week.</ref> [[Obubenje obwaviirako ennyonyi okwonooneka okutuuka nga tebakyasobola gitereeza]] bulagiddwa wansi. * Nga 1 Ogwokuna mu 1979: Ennyonyi y'ekika kya Boeing 707-320C, [[eyali ewandisiddwa]] nga 5X-UAL, eyali eyimiridde ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, yasaanyizibwawo [[amagye ga Tanzania]] mu [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Tewali muntu yenna yafulumizibwa nti yali afudde. * Nga 17 Ogwekkumi mu 1988: [[Ennyonyi 775]] yali nnyonyi ya nsi yonna eyali etegekeddwa okusaabaza abantu okuva e [[London-Gatwick]] – [[Rome-Fiumicino]] –Entebbe empeereza y’ennyonyi etambuza abasaabaze eyagwa olw’obutalaba bulungi mu kaseera k’okusembera ku kisaawe mu kitundu ekyasembayo eky’olugendo lwayo olusooka, nga esembera ku Kisaawe ky’Ennyonyi ekya Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino. Ennyonyi eno yali etambulira ku nnyonyi ya Boeing 707-320C, eyalina enamba 5X-UBC [[ku mukira gwayo]]. Ennyonyi eno yamenyeka oluvannyuma lw’okutomera akasolya k’ekizimbe, n’ekwata omuliro. Ku bantu 52 abaali mu nnyonyi, abantu 33 beebaafa, ate bangi abaasimattuka ne balumizibwa nnyo. <ref name=":9">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19881017-0</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=21 January 1989 |title=COMMERCIAL FLIGHT SAFETY – FATAL ACCIDENTS: SCHEDULED PASSENGER FLIGHTS |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200165.html |format=pdf |journal=Flight International |pages=51 |access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Eby'entambula mu Uganda]] *[[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo olwali wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania]] *[[Aviation Safety Network]] *[[Ennyonyi 775]] *[[Entebbe]] *[[Emirates]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ensibuko == Guttery, Ben R. (1998). ''Encyclopedia of African Airlines''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. [[ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[0-7864-0495-7]]</bdi>. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == Media related to [[Uganda Airlines (1976-2001)]] at Wikimedia Commons aqazzy7q34f2d9m835obndycxpl33h6 0 11896 63396 61120 2026-07-17T12:50:56Z Kinenkey 10423 Nyongeddemu Amatuluba 63396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category: Amazalibwa ga 1962]] [[category:Abantu okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Isingiro]] [[category:Abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[category:Abakyala abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda]] [[category:Bannabyabufuzi abakyala mu Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}} '''Byarugaba Grace Isingoma''' yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomusanvu 1962 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omwenda wansi w'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] ng'akiikirira [[:en:Isingiro_District|Disitulikiti y'e Isingiro]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-20 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015104257/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Ono yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu era n’awa amagezi eri Paalamenti nti alipoota y’akakiiko akakola ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu egaanibwe nga batunuulidde okusaba kwa Lord Mayor Lukwago. <ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/parliament-recommends-lukwago-kcca-petition-be-heard-afresh</ref> Yaweerezaako ku kakiiko k’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka nga yali omu ku babaka abatiisatiisa okulemesa embalirira ya Minisitule y’amazzi n’obutonde bw’ensi okuggyako ng’okuwera obuveera kuteekeddwa mu nkola. <ref name=":0">https://allafrica.com/stories/201108050766.html</ref> Kino kyaliwo mu kiseera ky’okwekenneenya enkola ya baminisita ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eyatuuzibwa mu Palamenti. <ref name=":0" /> Ababaka ba Palamenti ensonga eno bagikwata n'abwegendereza olw'obulabe obuleetebwa akavera ku butonde bw’ensi. <ref name=":0" /> == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_ninth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’omwenda]] * [[:en:Justine_Ayebazibwe|Justine Ayebazibwe]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|Nationa Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220404005123/https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Kampala-List-of-Participants.pdf https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Olukalala-olw’abeetabye] mu Kampala.pdf Archived * [https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-government-gazette-dated-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-gazette-ya-gavumenti-ey’olunaku-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf] {{DEFAULTSORT:Isingoma, Byarugaba Grace}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] rykpe8c4cg25y39z2qn1iihwpuh8dul 63403 63396 2026-07-17T13:00:24Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza amatuluba 63403 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category: Amazalibwa ga 1962]] [[category:Abantu okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Isingiro]] [[category:Abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[category:Abakyala abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda]] [[category:Bannabyabufuzi abakyala mu Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}} '''Byarugaba Grace Isingoma''' yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomusanvu 1962 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omwenda wansi w'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] ng'akiikirira [[:en:Isingiro_District|Disitulikiti y'e Isingiro]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-20 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015104257/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Ono yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu era n’awa amagezi eri Paalamenti nti alipoota y’akakiiko akakola ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu egaanibwe nga batunuulidde okusaba kwa Lord Mayor Lukwago. <ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/parliament-recommends-lukwago-kcca-petition-be-heard-afresh</ref> Yaweerezaako ku kakiiko k’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka nga yali omu ku babaka abatiisatiisa okulemesa embalirira ya Minisitule y’amazzi n’obutonde bw’ensi okuggyako ng’okuwera obuveera kuteekeddwa mu nkola. <ref name=":0">https://allafrica.com/stories/201108050766.html</ref> Kino kyaliwo mu kiseera ky’okwekenneenya enkola ya baminisita ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eyatuuzibwa mu Palamenti. <ref name=":0" /> Ababaka ba Palamenti ensonga eno bagikwata n'abwegendereza olw'obulabe obuleetebwa akavera ku butonde bw’ensi. <ref name=":0" /> == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_ninth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’omwenda]] * [[:en:Justine_Ayebazibwe|Justine Ayebazibwe]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|Nationa Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220404005123/https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Kampala-List-of-Participants.pdf https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Olukalala-olw’abeetabye] mu Kampala.pdf Archived * [https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-government-gazette-dated-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-gazette-ya-gavumenti-ey’olunaku-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf] {{DEFAULTSORT:Isingoma, Byarugaba Grace}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] qc48t1zob864eay3kfhbn6iocxsbcx4 63406 63403 2026-07-17T13:04:15Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza "Ebijuliziddwa" 63406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category: Amazalibwa ga 1962]] [[category:Abantu okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Isingiro]] [[category:Abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[category:Abakyala abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda]] [[category:Bannabyabufuzi abakyala mu Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}} '''Byarugaba Grace Isingoma''' yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomusanvu 1962 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omwenda wansi w'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] ng'akiikirira [[:en:Isingiro_District|Disitulikiti y'e Isingiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-20 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015104257/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Ono yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu era n’awa amagezi eri Paalamenti nti alipoota y’akakiiko akakola ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu egaanibwe nga batunuulidde okusaba kwa Lord Mayor Lukwago.<ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/parliament-recommends-lukwago-kcca-petition-be-heard-afresh</ref> Yaweerezaako ku kakiiko k’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka nga yali omu ku babaka abatiisatiisa okulemesa embalirira ya Minisitule y’amazzi n’obutonde bw’ensi okuggyako ng’okuwera obuveera kuteekeddwa mu nkola.<ref name=":0">https://allafrica.com/stories/201108050766.html</ref> Kino kyaliwo mu kiseera ky’okwekenneenya enkola ya baminisita ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eyatuuzibwa mu Palamenti.<ref name=":0" /> Ababaka ba Palamenti ensonga eno bagikwata n'abwegendereza olw'obulabe obuleetebwa akavera ku butonde bw’ensi.<ref name=":0" /> == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_ninth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’omwenda]] * [[:en:Justine_Ayebazibwe|Justine Ayebazibwe]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|Nationa Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220404005123/https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Kampala-List-of-Participants.pdf https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Olukalala-olw’abeetabye] mu Kampala.pdf Archived * [https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-government-gazette-dated-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-gazette-ya-gavumenti-ey’olunaku-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf] {{DEFAULTSORT:Isingoma, Byarugaba Grace}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] qhnwsh0t0r2tqbzwppo0rawfzt8e7wr 63408 63406 2026-07-17T13:25:26Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Wiki-linking 63408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category: Amazalibwa ga 1962]] [[category:Abantu okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Isingiro]] [[category:Abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[category:Abakyala abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda]] [[category:Bannabyabufuzi abakyala mu Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}} '''Byarugaba Grace Isingoma''' yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomusanvu 1962 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza mu [[:lg:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omwenda wansi w'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:lg:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] ng'akiikirira [[:lg:Isingiro_District|Disitulikiti y'e Isingiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-20 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015104257/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Ono yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu era n’awa amagezi eri Paalamenti nti alipoota y’akakiiko akakola ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu egaanibwe nga batunuulidde okusaba kwa Lord Mayor Lukwago.<ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/parliament-recommends-lukwago-kcca-petition-be-heard-afresh</ref> Yaweerezaako ku kakiiko k’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka nga yali omu ku babaka abatiisatiisa okulemesa embalirira ya Minisitule y’amazzi n’obutonde bw’ensi okuggyako ng’okuwera obuveera kuteekeddwa mu nkola.<ref name=":0">https://allafrica.com/stories/201108050766.html</ref> Kino kyaliwo mu kiseera ky’okwekenneenya enkola ya baminisita ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eyatuuzibwa mu Palamenti.<ref name=":0" /> Ababaka ba Palamenti ensonga eno bagikwata n'abwegendereza olw'obulabe obuleetebwa akavera ku butonde bw’ensi.<ref name=":0" /> == Laba ne == * [[:lg:List_of_members_of_the_ninth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’omwenda]] * [[:lg:Justine_Ayebazibwe|Justine Ayebazibwe]] * [[:lg:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:lg:National_Resistance_Movement|Nationa Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220404005123/https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Kampala-List-of-Participants.pdf https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Olukalala-olw’abeetabye] mu Kampala.pdf Archived * [https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-government-gazette-dated-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-gazette-ya-gavumenti-ey’olunaku-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf] {{DEFAULTSORT:Isingoma, Byarugaba Grace}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 563tiavsmfrq1mce249l4g4297tcz47 63409 63408 2026-07-17T13:27:50Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza wiki-linking 63409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category: Amazalibwa ga 1962]] [[category:Abantu okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Isingiro]] [[category:Abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[category:Abakyala abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda]] [[category:Bannabyabufuzi abakyala mu Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}} '''Byarugaba Grace Isingoma''' yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomusanvu 1962 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza mu [[:lg:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omwenda wansi w'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:lg:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] ng'akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e [[Isingiro (disitulikit)|Isingiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-20 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015104257/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=31218:-wolokoso-restaurant-for-parliaments-parking |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Ono yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu era n’awa amagezi eri Paalamenti nti alipoota y’akakiiko akakola ku bakozi ba gavumenti ne gavumenti ez’ebitundu egaanibwe nga batunuulidde okusaba kwa Lord Mayor Lukwago.<ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/parliament-recommends-lukwago-kcca-petition-be-heard-afresh</ref> Yaweerezaako ku kakiiko k’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka nga yali omu ku babaka abatiisatiisa okulemesa embalirira ya Minisitule y’amazzi n’obutonde bw’ensi okuggyako ng’okuwera obuveera kuteekeddwa mu nkola.<ref name=":0">https://allafrica.com/stories/201108050766.html</ref> Kino kyaliwo mu kiseera ky’okwekenneenya enkola ya baminisita ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eyatuuzibwa mu Palamenti.<ref name=":0" /> Ababaka ba Palamenti ensonga eno bagikwata n'abwegendereza olw'obulabe obuleetebwa akavera ku butonde bw’ensi.<ref name=":0" /> == Laba ne == * Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’omwenda * [[:lg:Justine_Ayebazibwe|Justine Ayebazibwe]] * [[:lg:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:lg:National_Resistance_Movement|Nationa Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220404005123/https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Kampala-List-of-Participants.pdf https://www.pgaction.org/pdf/2014-07-17-Olukalala-olw’abeetabye] mu Kampala.pdf Archived * [https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-government-gazette-dated-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2016/ug-gazette-ya-gavumenti-ey’olunaku-2016-03-03-no-14.pdf] {{DEFAULTSORT:Isingoma, Byarugaba Grace}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ji6wq9r4wz6ynlajfnzxblwzbt09yol 0 11919 63429 61237 2026-07-17T14:07:30Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza "Ebijuliziddwa" 63429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Ayume''' (yazaalibwa 5 Omwezi ogwokusatu 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref> munnayuganda [[omusawo omutendeke]] era [[munnabyabufuzi]]. Mubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Koboko, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Ayume yavuganya mu kamyufu ka NRM ak'okusunsulamu anaakwatira ekibiina bendera ng'avuganya omubaka eyali mu kifo ekyo era minisita omubeezi ow'ebyensimbi [[Evelyn Anite]] omuwagizi ow'amaanyi owa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kampeyini z'okulonda okw'akamyufu, abawagizi ba Ayume ne poliisi baakubagana oluvannyuma lwa poliisi okugezaako okuyimiriza olukungaana lwa Ayume olw'okunoonya akalulu mu kussa mu nkola ebiragiro by'okutangira okusaasana kw'obulwadde bwa Lumiima Mawugwe -COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Abawagizi be baalumiriza poliisi okuba ne kyekubira ng'ettira abawagizi ba Anite ku liiso abaakuba olukungaana lwa kampeyini eggulolimu nga tewali kutaataganyizibwa era bagenda mu maaso okwonoona epipande bya Anite ebya kampeyini nga babiwandiikamu n'okubikubamu ebifaananyifaananyi. Ayume yawangula okusunsulwa kw'ekibiina n'obululu 8089 ng'awangula Anite eyafuna obululu 7321 okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Yawangula olulonda kwa bonna era naalayizibwa nga 17 Omwezi ogwokutaano 2021, nga wayise omwezi gumu bukya kitaawe, eyali mu kifo kino emabegako lwe yafa emyaka 17 emabega nga 17 Omwezi ogwokuna 2004. == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Kitaawe, [[Francis Ayume]] yali munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa paalamenti ya Uganda eyabeera mu kifo kya Munisipaali y'e Koboko era nga yali sipiika okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001 mu kiseera kya paalamenti ey’omukaaga eyatuula okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001. Yakola nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti okutuusa okufa kwe mu kabenje k’emmotoka mu 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Charles yasoma busawo era naatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okujanjaba mu 2004, omwaka gwe gumu kitaawe mweyafiira.<ref name="auto"/> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [https://www.instagram.com/kefasbrand0?igsh=NDQxamg5Nm90bTJ5&utm_source=qr Charles Ayume] ku Insatgram [https://x.com/drayumecharles?s=21 Charles Ayume] ku Twitter (x) == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}}{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}} # {{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}} # {{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] a0s6zkvt5cuuockmfkk7amj1xl1j0ha 63436 63429 2026-07-17T15:37:26Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza empandika 63436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Ayume''' (yazaalibwa mu Gwokusatu 5, 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref> munnayuganda omusawo omutendeke era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Koboko, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Ayume yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka NRM aka primary nga avuganya n’omubaka wa Palamenti ali mu ntebe era minisita w’ebyensimbi mu ggwanga [[Evelyn Anite]], omuwagizi ow’amaanyi owa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]]. Mu kampeyini z'okulonda kwa pulayimale, abawagizi ba Ayume ne Poliisi baakubagana oluvannyuma lwa poliisi okugezaako okuyimiriza olukung'aana lwa Ayume olw'okunoonya akalulu mu kussa mu nkola ebiragiro bya COVID-19. Abawagizi be baalumirizza poliisi okusosola mu maaso ng’ewagira gw’avuganya naye, Anite, eyakuba olukung’aana lwa kampeyini olunaku olwasooka nga tataataaganyizibwa era n’agenda mu maaso n’okwonoona ebipande bya Anite ebya kampeyini. Ayume yawangula okusunsulwa kw'ekibiina n'obululu 8089, n'awangula Anite, eyali n'obululu 7321 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Yawangula akalulu ka bonna era n’alayizibwa mu Gwokutaano 17, 2021, nga wayise omwezi gumu bukya kitaawe eyali amaze okukwata ekifo kino lwe yafa ne emyaka 17 emabega mu Gwookuna 17, 2004. == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Kitaawe, [[Francis Ayume]] yali munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa paalamenti ya Uganda eyabeera mu kifo kya Munisipaali y'e Koboko era nga yali sipiika okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001 mu kiseera kya paalamenti ey’omukaaga eyatuula okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001. Yakola nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti okutuusa okufa kwe mu kabenje k’emmotoka mu 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Charles yasoma busawo era naatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okujanjaba mu 2004, omwaka gwe gumu kitaawe mweyafiira.<ref name="auto"/> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [https://www.instagram.com/kefasbrand0?igsh=NDQxamg5Nm90bTJ5&utm_source=qr Charles Ayume] ku Insatgram [https://x.com/drayumecharles?s=21 Charles Ayume] ku Twitter (x) == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}}{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}} # {{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}} # {{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] pg98nmonwh82vsnzzccyw861438sojq 63437 63436 2026-07-17T15:40:35Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Empanddika 63437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Ayume''' (yazaalibwa mu Gwokusatu 5, 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref> munnayuganda omusawo omutendeke era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Koboko, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Ayume yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka NRM aka primary nga avuganya n’omubaka wa Palamenti ali mu ntebe era minisita w’ebyensimbi mu ggwanga [[Evelyn Anite]], omuwagizi ow’amaanyi owa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]]. Mu kampeyini z'okulonda kwa pulayimale, abawagizi ba Ayume ne Poliisi baakubagana oluvannyuma lwa poliisi okugezaako okuyimiriza olukung'aana lwa Ayume olw'okunoonya akalulu mu kussa mu nkola ebiragiro bya COVID-19. Abawagizi be baalumirizza poliisi okusosola mu maaso ng’ewagira gw’avuganya naye, Anite, eyakuba olukung’aana lwa kampeyini olunaku olwasooka nga tataataaganyizibwa era n’agenda mu maaso n’okwonoona ebipande bya Anite ebya kampeyini. Ayume yawangula okusunsulwa kw'ekibiina n'obululu 8089, n'awangula Anite, eyali n'obululu 7321 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Yawangula akalulu ka bonna era n’alayizibwa mu Gwokutaano 17, 2021, nga wayise omwezi gumu bukya kitaawe eyali amaze okukwata ekifo kino lwe yafa ne emyaka 17 emabega mu Gwookuna 17, 2004. Ayume yaliko ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobulamu mu Palamenti. == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Kitaawe, [[Francis Ayume]] yali munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa paalamenti ya Uganda eyabeera mu kifo kya Munisipaali y'e Koboko era nga yali sipiika okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001 mu kiseera kya paalamenti ey’omukaaga eyatuula okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001. Yakola nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti okutuusa okufa kwe mu kabenje k’emmotoka mu 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Charles yasoma busawo era naatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okujanjaba mu 2004, omwaka gwe gumu kitaawe mweyafiira.<ref name="auto"/> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [https://www.instagram.com/kefasbrand0?igsh=NDQxamg5Nm90bTJ5&utm_source=qr Charles Ayume] ku Insatgram [https://x.com/drayumecharles?s=21 Charles Ayume] ku Twitter (x) == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}}{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}} # {{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}} # {{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 0unjr3qw32xvgvnwn7q58hnccq6iup4 63439 63437 2026-07-17T15:45:35Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Ebijuliziddwa 63439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Ayume''' (yazaalibwa mu Gwokusatu 5, 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-17|title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife|url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/|access-date=2025-05-19|website=Flash Uganda Media|language=English}}</ref> munnayuganda omusawo omutendeke era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Koboko, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT|website=mulengeranews.com|date=19 January 2021|url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/|access-date=2021-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Ayume yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka NRM aka primary nga avuganya n’omubaka wa Palamenti ali mu ntebe era minisita w’ebyensimbi mu ggwanga [[Evelyn Anite]], omuwagizi ow’amaanyi owa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kampeyini z'okulonda kwa pulayimale, abawagizi ba Ayume ne Poliisi baakubagana oluvannyuma lwa poliisi okugezaako okuyimiriza olukung'aana lwa Ayume olw'okunoonya akalulu mu kussa mu nkola ebiragiro bya COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okello |first=George |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Abawagizi be baalumirizza poliisi okusosola mu maaso ng’ewagira gw’avuganya naye, Anite, eyakuba olukung’aana lwa kampeyini olunaku olwasooka nga tataataaganyizibwa era n’agenda mu maaso n’okwonoona ebipande bya Anite ebya kampeyini. Ayume yawangula okusunsulwa kw'ekibiina n'obululu 8089, n'awangula Anite, eyali n'obululu 7321 mu kulonda kwa bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Yawangula akalulu ka bonna era n’alayizibwa mu Gwokutaano 17, 2021, nga wayise omwezi gumu bukya kitaawe eyali amaze okukwata ekifo kino lwe yafa ne emyaka 17 emabega mu Gwookuna 17, 2004. Ayume yaliko ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobulamu mu Palamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalema |first=Stephen |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220601/137311/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment.html |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Kitaawe, [[Francis Ayume]] yali munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa paalamenti ya Uganda eyabeera mu kifo kya Munisipaali y'e Koboko era nga yali sipiika okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001 mu kiseera kya paalamenti ey’omukaaga eyatuula okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001. Yakola nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti okutuusa okufa kwe mu kabenje k’emmotoka mu 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Charles yasoma busawo era naatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okujanjaba mu 2004, omwaka gwe gumu kitaawe mweyafiira. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [https://www.instagram.com/kefasbrand0?igsh=NDQxamg5Nm90bTJ5&utm_source=qr Charles Ayume] ku Insatgram [https://x.com/drayumecharles?s=21 Charles Ayume] ku Twitter (x) == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}}{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}} # {{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}} # {{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] o56q8mx5p0ibybok7r2utftswc9oec2 63444 63439 2026-07-17T15:55:27Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza "Ebijuliziddwa" 63444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Ayume''' (yazaalibwa mu Gwokusatu 5, 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-17|title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife|url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/|access-date=2025-05-19|website=Flash Uganda Media|language=English}}</ref> munnayuganda omusawo omutendeke era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Koboko, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT|website=mulengeranews.com|date=19 January 2021|url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/|access-date=2021-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Ayume yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka NRM aka primary nga avuganya n’omubaka wa Palamenti ali mu ntebe era minisita w’ebyensimbi mu ggwanga [[Evelyn Anite]], omuwagizi ow’amaanyi owa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kampeyini z'okulonda kwa pulayimale, abawagizi ba Ayume ne Poliisi baakubagana oluvannyuma lwa poliisi okugezaako okuyimiriza olukung'aana lwa Ayume olw'okunoonya akalulu mu kussa mu nkola ebiragiro bya COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okello |first=George |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Abawagizi be baalumirizza poliisi okusosola mu maaso ng’ewagira gw’avuganya naye, Anite, eyakuba olukung’aana lwa kampeyini olunaku olwasooka nga tataataaganyizibwa era n’agenda mu maaso n’okwonoona ebipande bya Anite ebya kampeyini. Ayume yawangula okusunsulwa kw'ekibiina n'obululu 8089, n'awangula Anite, eyali n'obululu 7321 mu kulonda kwa bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Yawangula akalulu ka bonna era n’alayizibwa mu Gwokutaano 17, 2021, nga wayise omwezi gumu bukya kitaawe eyali amaze okukwata ekifo kino lwe yafa ne emyaka 17 emabega mu Gwookuna 17, 2004. Ayume yaliko ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobulamu mu Palamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalema |first=Stephen |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220601/137311/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment.html |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Kitaawe, [[Francis Ayume]] yali munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa paalamenti ya Uganda eyabeera mu kifo kya Munisipaali y'e Koboko era nga yali sipiika okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001 mu kiseera kya paalamenti ey’omukaaga eyatuula okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001. Yakola nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti okutuusa okufa kwe mu kabenje k’emmotoka mu 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Charles yasoma busawo era naatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okujanjaba mu 2004, omwaka gwe gumu kitaawe mweyafiira. == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}}{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [https://www.instagram.com/kefasbrand0?igsh=NDQxamg5Nm90bTJ5&utm_source=qr Charles Ayume] ku Insatgram [https://x.com/drayumecharles?s=21 Charles Ayume] ku Twitter (x) # {{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}} # {{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] lck5u3vquekii4m0efy253l2rto1bso 63445 63444 2026-07-17T15:57:21Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Ebijuliziddwa 63445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Ayume''' (yazaalibwa mu Gwokusatu 5, 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-17|title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife|url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/|access-date=2025-05-19|website=Flash Uganda Media|language=English}}</ref> munnayuganda omusawo omutendeke era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Koboko, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT|website=mulengeranews.com|date=19 January 2021|url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/|access-date=2021-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Ayume yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka NRM aka primary nga avuganya n’omubaka wa Palamenti ali mu ntebe era minisita w’ebyensimbi mu ggwanga [[Evelyn Anite]], omuwagizi ow’amaanyi owa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kampeyini z'okulonda kwa pulayimale, abawagizi ba Ayume ne Poliisi baakubagana oluvannyuma lwa poliisi okugezaako okuyimiriza olukung'aana lwa Ayume olw'okunoonya akalulu mu kussa mu nkola ebiragiro bya COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okello |first=George |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Abawagizi be baalumirizza poliisi okusosola mu maaso ng’ewagira gw’avuganya naye, Anite, eyakuba olukung’aana lwa kampeyini olunaku olwasooka nga tataataaganyizibwa era n’agenda mu maaso n’okwonoona ebipande bya Anite ebya kampeyini. Ayume yawangula okusunsulwa kw'ekibiina n'obululu 8089, n'awangula Anite, eyali n'obululu 7321 mu kulonda kwa bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Yawangula akalulu ka bonna era n’alayizibwa mu Gwokutaano 17, 2021, nga wayise omwezi gumu bukya kitaawe eyali amaze okukwata ekifo kino lwe yafa ne emyaka 17 emabega mu Gwookuna 17, 2004. Ayume yaliko ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobulamu mu Palamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalema |first=Stephen |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220601/137311/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment.html |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Kitaawe, [[Francis Ayume]] yali munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa paalamenti ya Uganda eyabeera mu kifo kya Munisipaali y'e Koboko era nga yali sipiika okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001 mu kiseera kya paalamenti ey’omukaaga eyatuula okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001. Yakola nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti okutuusa okufa kwe mu kabenje k’emmotoka mu 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Charles yasoma busawo era naatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okujanjaba mu 2004, omwaka gwe gumu kitaawe mweyafiira.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}}{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [https://www.instagram.com/kefasbrand0?igsh=NDQxamg5Nm90bTJ5&utm_source=qr Charles Ayume] ku Insatgram [https://x.com/drayumecharles?s=21 Charles Ayume] ku Twitter (x) # {{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}} # {{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 9lwa9cgj2snv28u4t36mzok7l2g5veu 63447 63445 2026-07-17T16:15:10Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Ebijuliziddwa 63447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Ayume''' (yazaalibwa mu Gwokusatu 5, 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-17|title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife|url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/|access-date=2025-05-19|website=Flash Uganda Media|language=English}}</ref> munnayuganda omusawo omutendeke era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Koboko, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT|website=mulengeranews.com|date=19 January 2021|url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/|access-date=2021-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Ayume yeesimbawo mu kalulu ka NRM aka primary nga avuganya n’omubaka wa Palamenti ali mu ntebe era minisita w’ebyensimbi mu ggwanga [[Evelyn Anite]], omuwagizi ow’amaanyi owa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kampeyini z'okulonda kwa pulayimale, abawagizi ba Ayume ne Poliisi baakubagana oluvannyuma lwa poliisi okugezaako okuyimiriza olukung'aana lwa Ayume olw'okunoonya akalulu mu kussa mu nkola ebiragiro bya COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okello |first=George |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Abawagizi be baalumirizza poliisi okusosola mu maaso ng’ewagira gw’avuganya naye, Anite, eyakuba olukung’aana lwa kampeyini olunaku olwasooka nga tataataaganyizibwa era n’agenda mu maaso n’okwonoona ebipande bya Anite ebya kampeyini. Ayume yawangula okusunsulwa kw'ekibiina n'obululu 8089, n'awangula Anite, eyali n'obululu 7321 mu kulonda kwa bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Yawangula akalulu ka bonna era n’alayizibwa mu Gwokutaano 17, 2021, nga wayise omwezi gumu bukya kitaawe eyali amaze okukwata ekifo kino lwe yafa ne emyaka 17 emabega mu Gwookuna 17, 2004. Ayume yaliko ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobulamu mu Palamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalema |first=Stephen |date=2022-06-01 |title=MPs reassure health workers on salary increment |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220601/137311/mps-reassure-health-workers-on-salary-increment.html |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Kitaawe, [[Francis Ayume]] yali munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa paalamenti ya Uganda eyabeera mu kifo kya Munisipaali y'e Koboko era nga yali sipiika okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001 mu kiseera kya paalamenti ey’omukaaga eyatuula okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001. Yakola nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti okutuusa okufa kwe mu kabenje k’emmotoka mu 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Charles yasoma busawo era naatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okujanjaba mu 2004, omwaka gwe gumu kitaawe mweyafiira.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}} *{{Cite web |title=Late Ayume's son appeals to government to fulfill pledge |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/news-a-analysis/koboko/late-ayume-s-son-appeals-to-government-to-fulfill-pledge |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=West Nile Web |language=en-gb}} * {{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=19 January 2021 |title=THE CHARLES AYUME MYTH & WHY MUWADDA COULD BE THE NEW KEN LUKYAMUZI (DE MAN) OF PARLIAMENT – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209170236/https://mulengeranews.com/the-charles-ayume-myth-why-muwadda-could-be-the-new-ken-lukyamuzi-de-man-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |title=Ayume Charles - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ayume-charles-7801/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} * {{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Can Ayume's son upset minister Anite in Koboko? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/can-ayume-s-son-upset-minister-anite-in-koboko--1929438 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} * {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-08-10 |title=Police uses teargas to disperse Dr Charles Ayume's supporters in Koboko |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/police-uses-teargas-to-disperse-dr-charles-ayumes-supporters-in-koboko/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} * {{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=GEORGE OKELLO {{!}} PML Daily Senior |date=2020-08-10 |title=Chaos in Koboko as supporters of Ayume deface Anite's posters over procession |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/chaos-in-koboko-as-supporters-of-ayume-deface-anites-posters-over-procession.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}} * {{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=NRM Primaries: Minister Anite cries foul after losing to late Ayume's son |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/09/04/nrm-primaries-minister-anite-cries-foul-after-losing-to-late-ayumes-son/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} * {{Cite web |title=MP Charles Ayume remembers fallen father at swearing-in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102817 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}} {{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-17 |title=Dr Charles Ayume: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/dr-charles-ayume-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [https://www.instagram.com/kefasbrand0?igsh=NDQxamg5Nm90bTJ5&utm_source=qr Charles Ayume] ku Instagram [https://x.com/drayumecharles?s=21 Charles Ayume] ku Twitter (x) [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] m6zrx2sqynziq39uasl1940r5c4ca07 0 11982 63500 62936 2026-07-18T07:01:12Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Gyesangibwa */ 63500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE). <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Wadde ng’abalitandikawo n’abadukanya yunivasite eno Bakiririza mu ddiini zakikulisitaayo, yunivasite eno ekiriza abayizi awatali kusosola mu nsi ki gy'abeera avuddemu, nzikiriza ya ddiini, oba ggwanga lye. Ekibiina ekyasooka okuweebwa ebifo eky’abayizi baali bawera 90 nga bano baali baakamaliriza siniya, nga kino kyaliwo mu Ogwoluberyeberye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa mu yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] f49t7h74m1omouzgchy6v61odnn3i66 63501 63500 2026-07-18T07:37:11Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE). <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Wadde ng’abalitandikawo n’abadukanya yunivasite eno Bakiririza mu ddiini zakikulisitaayo, yunivasite eno ekiriza abayizi awatali kusosola mu nsi ki gy'abeera avuddemu, nzikiriza ya ddiini, oba ggwanga lye. Ekibiina ekyasooka okuweebwa ebifo eky’abayizi baali bawera 90 nga bano baali baakamaliriza siniya, nga kino kyaliwo mu Ogwoluberyeberye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa mu yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] dhjxq3jpia1i8k9rycq65rfl5lipfes 63502 63501 2026-07-18T07:50:37Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE). <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante mu ddiini zakikulisitaayo, yunivasite eno ekiriza abayizi awatali kusosola mu nsi ki gy'abeera avuddemu, nzikiriza ya ddiini, oba ggwanga lye. Ekibiina ekyasooka okuweebwa ebifo eky’abayizi baali bawera 90 nga bano baali baakamaliriza siniya, nga kino kyaliwo mu Ogwoluberyeberye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa mu yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 7ovyxtu9zj0z52pbxt5jxv0mjmvflwl 63503 63502 2026-07-18T07:51:54Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE). <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, mu ddiini zakikulisitaayo, yunivasite eno ekiriza abayizi awatali kusosola mu nsi ki gy'abeera avuddemu, nzikiriza ya ddiini, oba ggwanga lye. Ekibiina ekyasooka okuweebwa ebifo eky’abayizi baali bawera 90 nga bano baali baakamaliriza siniya, nga kino kyaliwo mu Ogwoluberyeberye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa mu yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 1ywvx44486mhje9ati0pablntmioru3 63504 63503 2026-07-18T07:55:49Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE). <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila. mu ddiini zakikulisitaayo, yunivasite eno ekiriza abayizi awatali kusosola mu nsi ki gy'abeera avuddemu, nzikiriza ya ddiini, oba ggwanga lye. Ekibiina ekyasooka okuweebwa ebifo eky’abayizi baali bawera 90 nga bano baali baakamaliriza siniya, nga kino kyaliwo mu Ogwoluberyeberye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa mu yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 112gk9zk1rsghvmkty76qrgfmteobeb 63505 63504 2026-07-18T07:56:40Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE). <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa mu yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] e2tn96jhz7uk5c396me65spzuowydbi 63506 63505 2026-07-18T08:02:42Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa mu yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 2a98tbdtzqq8ijtwdb1f6srcn5ne2m7 63507 63506 2026-07-18T08:04:01Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno gikkirizibwa aba UNCHE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] bk1utkwil35ajrzlxki3sg2kv10ow1z 63508 63507 2026-07-18T08:05:51Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 38jncrlp0pbcyotua9xuwaq13e709gl 63509 63508 2026-07-18T08:07:12Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Enkulakulana ezibaddewo gye buvuddeko */ 63509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] hvs71p414wkkyiqj4f7guuyn8awy072 63510 63509 2026-07-18T08:07:42Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Enkulakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko */ 63510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulaakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] f3u0iquxgvq3km4snf7xzloswzq4y27 63511 63510 2026-07-18T08:09:52Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Enkulaakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko */ 63511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulaakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna gwa 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] j8te9u96t2d4w0x45i7ybepayc0qrwu 63512 63511 2026-07-18T08:10:37Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Enkulaakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko */ 63512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Enkulaakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 7yxww31yfbyypq4mxru6m2yy2b8jl4i 63513 63512 2026-07-18T08:11:55Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Enkulaakulana ezituukiddwako gye buvuddeko */ 63513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite eno Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] bqdegaz0xx48gqbrrl5kbknad3th8y0 63514 63513 2026-07-18T08:13:03Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko */ 63514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Omumyuka w'Akulira Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 76axnckqt8kuj268zr0qhleaaj0te6d 63515 63514 2026-07-18T08:16:36Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebyafaayo */ 63515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Webwatukira mu Gwoluberyeberye mu 2015, ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 2bwms5cvoixrp41rmkk8fzvebjhchc9 63516 63515 2026-07-18T08:30:42Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Eby'enjigiriza */ 63516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yali edukanya amakungaaniro g'abasomero nga mirundi esatu:<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] k0w2bhjre18l5odf4vki3cr1jwnhi56 63517 63516 2026-07-18T08:33:42Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Eby'enjigiriza */ 63517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ) <ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] gx8brq1g90v6e8f86lcqnuq4eyq7hfv 63518 63517 2026-07-18T08:48:34Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Eby'enjigiriza */ 63518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza Okuddukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] gnjf6qi64ztimzv2nu2rnlo1w9vtikn 63519 63518 2026-07-18T08:50:30Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Eby'enjigiriza */ 63519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesaeriyigiriza [[:en:Social_science|Sayaansi w'Ebitundu eby'etolodde]] * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 3uu7jgloarcy3n2500rv5u36f706jkp 63520 63519 2026-07-18T08:55:00Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Eby'enjigiriza */ 63520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku By'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 8ys5nxmstu91jxzn6ylctlws6mywmg2 63521 63520 2026-07-18T08:56:23Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Eby'enjigiriza */ 63521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Koosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 9fy5s1b23fnau9lxkuj2xz2qwrxsrdj 63522 63521 2026-07-18T08:57:54Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Koosi */ 63522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Koosi za diguli zino wammanga zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] ggk1zjdjxs62oz6d21a1ru2788vlspt 63523 63522 2026-07-18T09:04:12Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Zi kkoosi */ 63523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 9ovnx9nw9p2k3k1jl4sml2u3yqjktbt 63524 63523 2026-07-18T09:08:12Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku ky'Okuddukanya emirimu n’okugirabirira */ 63524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Diguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 9u26v6tgos3xsqukl93val5fylgsj4v 63525 63524 2026-07-18T09:13:56Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya */ 63525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Diguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Diguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] ne71m5kdmgsxtcwl212df4argh54a5j 63526 63525 2026-07-18T09:14:10Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya */ 63526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Diguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 2q1sq2xrwbzqrta2phs7msq2q2ebtek 63527 63526 2026-07-18T09:14:58Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Zi kkoosi */ 63527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eriyigiriza ku bya Sayaansi w’Eby'obulamu === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] tbw0bqultz85y2ary2w69u0s29g5nqm 63528 63527 2026-07-18T09:17:40Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza */ 63528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 6dfwmgt9r2zhugngzblyl6fp1qrj718 63529 63528 2026-07-18T09:17:58Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu (Social Science) */ 63529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ebbanguliro ly'embera z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 8xu9mwaj48s1e26fla23p8tn90htdxp 63530 63529 2026-07-18T09:18:23Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebbanguliro ly'embera z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu (Social Science) */ 63530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ebbanguliro ly'embera z'abantu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] haxsl5ntx27u4tv5zkqehomw1sempyp 63531 63530 2026-07-18T09:21:54Z ~2026-40281-54 11469 Ebbanguliro ly'embeera z'abantu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu byabwe (Social Science) 63531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu byabwe ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 1b7n5c25kfaedjgiqxpv83qqm1fzy49 63532 63531 2026-07-18T09:31:27Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza */ 63532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu byabwe ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ebbanguliro ly'embeera z'abantu n'engeri gye bawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] 66v1nccos24lcs4ksz4qw8x8p1brafq 63533 63532 2026-07-18T09:34:42Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ekungaaniro ly'Abasomesa eribangula ku by'enjigiriza */ 63533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu byabwe ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ebbanguliro ly'embeera z'abantu n'engeri gye bawangaalira mu bitundu ([[Social Science]]) === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] f1h925av9gm5sf7d0fmat5q9qywozeo 63534 63533 2026-07-18T09:35:34Z Nakisozi 10800 /* Ebbanguliro ly'embeera z'abantu n'engeri gye bawangaalira mu bitundu (Social Science) */ 63534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya All Saints''' , ng’erinnya lyayo erijjuvu ye '''All Saints University Lango''' (ASUL), yunivasite ya bwannannyini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Emannyiddwa Akakiiko ka Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku matendekero aga waggulu ka (UNCHE).<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |title=List of Licensed Private Universities In Uganda |url=http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017054940/http://www.unche.or.ug/institutions/private-universities |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE)}}</ref> == Gyesangibwa. == ASUL esinganibwa ku luguudo Adoko, mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwomubuvanjuba bw’ekibuga Lira, mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]], mu Ttundutundu ly'obukiika kkono, kiro mmita nga 320, (nga zino ze mayiro 200), ng'ookozeseza luguudo, mu bukiika kkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro lya yunivasite eno singa oba okozesa bibalo ziri 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == ASUL yatandikibwawo Obulabirizi bw’Ekkanisa ya Uganda obw'e Lango mu 2008. Newankubadde abatandisi n’abaddukanya yunivasite bakulisitaayo / bapulotesitante, yunivasite ewandiika abayizi nga tetunuulidde ggwanga, nzikiriza ya ddiini oba kabila.Ekibinja ekisooka ekyabayizi abasoma okufuna ddiguuli yaabwe esooka kyawandiikibwa nu Gwoluberyeberye 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick Okino |first=and Geoffrey Odyek |date=11 January 2009 |title=All Saints University Opens In Lira |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201220753/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/667716 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Koosi ezisomesebwa ku yunivasite eno zaakakasibwa akakiiko akatwala eby'enjigiriza eby'amatendekero aga waggulu aka UNCHE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okino |first=Patrick |date=3 May 2010 |title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University |url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> == Ebiguddewo gye buvuddeko == Mu Gwokuna 2014, Amyuka Ssenkulu wa Yunivasite Fred Opio Ekong yafa olw’ebisago bye yafuna mu kabenje k’emmotoka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=5 April 2014 |title=Professor Opio Eulogised |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201201118/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/2270590/-/5ei7kv/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'enjigiriza == Ogwoluberyeberye 2015 weegatuukira , ASUL yalina amabanguliro asatu (3 ).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASUL |date=2010 |title=All Saints University: Background - Faculties & Departments |url=http://asul.ac.ug/ |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=All Saints University Lango (ASUL) |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211108/http://asul.ac.ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya * Ebbanguliro ly'emberra z'ababtu n'engeri gyebawangaalira mu bitundu byabwe ([[Social Science]]) * Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza == Zi kkoosi == Kkoosi zino wammanga ku mutendera gwa ddiguli zeezisomesebwa ku ASUL: === Ebbanguliro ly'okukulembera zi bizinensi n'okuziddukanya === * Ddiguli mu by’Okudukanya Bizineensi n'Okuzirabirira * Ddiguli mu by’Okutandikawo emirimu n’okuddukanya bizineensi entonotono === Ebbanguliro ly'eby'enjigiriza === * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Pulayimale * Ddiguli mu By’enjigiriza bya Siniya === Ebbanguliro ly'embeera z'abantu n'engeri gye bawangaalira mu bitundu byabwe ([[Social Science]]) === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Diguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo]] mu By'embeera z'Abantu n'eby'etolodde * Ddiguli mu By’emirimu gy’Obulamu n’Okuddukanya Embeera z’Abantu * Ddiguli mu Misomo egy'enjawulo mu Kutegeka n’Okuddukanya pulojekiti Okwongereza ku koosi za diguli, yunivasite erina emisomo gya dipuloma mingi egy'enjawulone satifikeeti mu bintu bye bintu oba ebikwatagana nabyo. == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda|Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] opkc8gd5wg343wibnq71utdg2jo0gvo 0 11991 63383 63372 2026-07-17T12:24:14Z Kinenkey 10423 Nyongedemu Etuluba "Bunyoro" 63383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Bunyoro]] {{Databox}} '''Isingoma Rukidi Mpuga''', era ayitibwa '''Labongo''', yali kabaka wa [[Biito]] (Omukama Omubiito) eyasooka e [[Bunyoro-Kitara]] mu Bugwanjuba ga Uganda leero. Mu nnono y’Abanyoro, atwalibwa nga muganda wa [[Kato Kintu|Kato Kimera]], kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyasooka. == Obuto bwe == ===== Ennono y’Abanyoro ===== Mu nnono y’Abanyoro, Isingoma Mpuga Rukidi yazaalibwa mu [[Bukidi]] ng’omwana owookubiri owa Kyomya eyali mu lulyo lwa [[Chwezi]], ne Nyatworo (Maama wa Isingoma Mpuga Rukidi ) muwala w’omusajja Omu[[lango]] ayitibwa Labongo, ow’ekika kya Mukwonga. Yali muto wa Nyarwa, mulongo wa Kato ate nga mukulu wa Kiiza. Isingoma kiva mu kigambo ky'Olunyoro ise-ngoma, ekitegeeza "taata (w'engooma)". ‘Mpuga’ kiva mu linnya ly’ente ey'amabala eryeru n'eriddugavu, {{Lang|nyo|empuuga}}, ng’ajuliza obujajja bwa Rukidi obutabuletabule. Erinnya ‘Rukidi’ lijuliza ekifo we yazaalibwa. kigambibwa nti Rukidi ne baganda be (aba Babiito) baali bayizzi abaayagalwa ennyo abantu b’e Bukidi. Olunaku lumu, omulaguzi ayitibwa Nyakoka,[d] naye nga ava e Bukidi, yabatuukirira n’abagamba bagende e Kitara, kubanga olwo eggwanga lyabulwa kabaka, ne bakola bwe batyo. Nyakoka yabawerekera ku lugendo. Rukidi bwe yali okumpi ekimala n’ekibuga ekikulu, omuvvuunuzi[e] yasindikibwa okulangirira okutuuka kwe eri abantu b’e Kitara. Rukidi bwe yatuuka mu kibuga ekikulu, kigambibwa nti abantu b’omu kitundu baabatunuulira n’okubuusabuusa oba okunyooma, ng’ekimu ku byo kyava ku buzaale bwe obwali bulabika nga butabuddwatabuddwa. Mu lubiri lwa kabaka eyasembayo, Wamara. Nyakoka yayita omusamize ayitibwa Kasoira, Rukidi gwe yabuuza wa era lwaki abantu b’olulyo lwa Chwezi baagenda. Kasoira yagamba nti aba Chwezi baabula nga boolekera ennyanja Victoria era nti baagenda olw’ekikolimo kya Kantu. Rukidi olwo n’awa Bunono ne Iremera, bakyala ba Wamara ebibuuzo bye bimu, era omu ku bo[h] n’awa eky’okuddamu ekifaanagana ennyo n’ekya Kasoira. Rukidi yagoba Kasoira, Bunono ne Iremera oluvannyuma lw’okukakasa nti aba Chwezi tebagenda kudda. Oluvannyuma, Nyakoka yanenya Rukidi okulonzalonza okukkiriza obwakabaka era n’amugamba akole nga Kato tannafuulibwa kabaka mu kifo ky’ekyo. Kino kyamuleetera okufulumya ebiragiro okwetegekera okutikkirwa ku ntebe, omuli okuzzaawo ebizimbe by’obwakabaka n’okukung’aanya engoma z’obwakabaka Nyalebe ne Kajumba, amafumu, engabo, obululu n’engoye endala. Mu kiseera ky’okutuuza ku ntebe, engoma z’obwakabaka zaafulumya amaloboozi ag’amaanyi agawerako, nga zikakasa abantu abaaliwo obuyinza bwe obw’okufuga; Olwo Rukidi n’aweebwa erinnya ly’obwakabaka erya Winyi ne empaako Okaali. ====== Ennono y’Abacholi ====== Mu nnono y’Abaacholi, Labongo yali mutabani wa Olum era muganda wa Gipiir ne Tiful. == Ebijuliziddwa == === Ebiwandiiko === {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Ebijuliziddwa === <references responsive="1"></references> {{Reflist}} === Ensonda ===  {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=Ruth Alice |year=1911 |title=Twilight Tales of the Black Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/twilighttalesofb00fishrich |publisher=Marshall Brothers, Ltd. |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=John |year=1960 |title=Bunyoro: An African Kingdom |url=https://archive.org/details/bunyoroafricanki00beat |publisher=[[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]] |isbn=978-0305246525}} * {{Cite book |last=Ogot |first=Bethwell A. |year=1967 |title=History of the Southern Luo |url=https://annas-archive.org/md5/c5e7f48dd8886e1b07369f2ffedf977f |publisher=East African Publishing House |volume=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=John |year=1971 |title=The Nyoro State |url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780198231714}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyakatura |first=John W. |year=1973 |title=Anatomy of an African Kingdom: A History of Bunyoro-Kitara |url=https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |publisher=NOK Publishers, Ltd. |isbn=0-88357-025-4 |editor-last=Uzoigwe |editor-first=Godfrey N. |edition=English |location=New York City, New York, USA |language=en |translator-last=Muganwa |translator-first=Teopista |access-date=2025-09-24 |archive-date=2025-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815025917/https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |last=Apuuli |first=David Hihumuro |year=1994 |title=A Thousand Years of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom - The People and the Rulers |url=https://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0unescoen--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---3-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11----0-0-&a=d&c=unescoen&cl=CL1.10&d=HASHc3697d0c37be5024d365b7.1 |publisher=Fountain Publishers}} * {{Cite journal |last=Wrigley |first=C.C. |year=2012 |title=The Story of Rukidi |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/abs/story-of-rukidi/C556CDC2AA790E964BAE9AAE77030523 |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=43 |issue=3 |page=219–235}} * {{Cite journal |last=Jendia |first=Catherine |year=2019 |title=The cultural factor in conflict management/resolution: A case study of the Acholi of Northern Uganda |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332449593_The_cultural_factor_in_conflict_managementresolution_A_case_study_of_the_Acholi_of_Northern_Uganda |journal=African Journal of History and Culture |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=15–25}} {{refend}} mquttqjecxttn836zs71j274wz97s8r 63384 63383 2026-07-17T12:27:25Z Kinenkey 10423 Nyongeddemu Amatuluba "Obwakabaka bwa Uganda" 63384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Obwakabaka bwa Uganda]] [[category:Bunyoro]] {{Databox}} '''Isingoma Rukidi Mpuga''', era ayitibwa '''Labongo''', yali kabaka wa [[Biito]] (Omukama Omubiito) eyasooka e [[Bunyoro-Kitara]] mu Bugwanjuba ga Uganda leero. Mu nnono y’Abanyoro, atwalibwa nga muganda wa [[Kato Kintu|Kato Kimera]], kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyasooka. == Obuto bwe == ===== Ennono y’Abanyoro ===== Mu nnono y’Abanyoro, Isingoma Mpuga Rukidi yazaalibwa mu [[Bukidi]] ng’omwana owookubiri owa Kyomya eyali mu lulyo lwa [[Chwezi]], ne Nyatworo (Maama wa Isingoma Mpuga Rukidi ) muwala w’omusajja Omu[[lango]] ayitibwa Labongo, ow’ekika kya Mukwonga. Yali muto wa Nyarwa, mulongo wa Kato ate nga mukulu wa Kiiza. Isingoma kiva mu kigambo ky'Olunyoro ise-ngoma, ekitegeeza "taata (w'engooma)". ‘Mpuga’ kiva mu linnya ly’ente ey'amabala eryeru n'eriddugavu, {{Lang|nyo|empuuga}}, ng’ajuliza obujajja bwa Rukidi obutabuletabule. Erinnya ‘Rukidi’ lijuliza ekifo we yazaalibwa. kigambibwa nti Rukidi ne baganda be (aba Babiito) baali bayizzi abaayagalwa ennyo abantu b’e Bukidi. Olunaku lumu, omulaguzi ayitibwa Nyakoka,[d] naye nga ava e Bukidi, yabatuukirira n’abagamba bagende e Kitara, kubanga olwo eggwanga lyabulwa kabaka, ne bakola bwe batyo. Nyakoka yabawerekera ku lugendo. Rukidi bwe yali okumpi ekimala n’ekibuga ekikulu, omuvvuunuzi[e] yasindikibwa okulangirira okutuuka kwe eri abantu b’e Kitara. Rukidi bwe yatuuka mu kibuga ekikulu, kigambibwa nti abantu b’omu kitundu baabatunuulira n’okubuusabuusa oba okunyooma, ng’ekimu ku byo kyava ku buzaale bwe obwali bulabika nga butabuddwatabuddwa. Mu lubiri lwa kabaka eyasembayo, Wamara. Nyakoka yayita omusamize ayitibwa Kasoira, Rukidi gwe yabuuza wa era lwaki abantu b’olulyo lwa Chwezi baagenda. Kasoira yagamba nti aba Chwezi baabula nga boolekera ennyanja Victoria era nti baagenda olw’ekikolimo kya Kantu. Rukidi olwo n’awa Bunono ne Iremera, bakyala ba Wamara ebibuuzo bye bimu, era omu ku bo[h] n’awa eky’okuddamu ekifaanagana ennyo n’ekya Kasoira. Rukidi yagoba Kasoira, Bunono ne Iremera oluvannyuma lw’okukakasa nti aba Chwezi tebagenda kudda. Oluvannyuma, Nyakoka yanenya Rukidi okulonzalonza okukkiriza obwakabaka era n’amugamba akole nga Kato tannafuulibwa kabaka mu kifo ky’ekyo. Kino kyamuleetera okufulumya ebiragiro okwetegekera okutikkirwa ku ntebe, omuli okuzzaawo ebizimbe by’obwakabaka n’okukung’aanya engoma z’obwakabaka Nyalebe ne Kajumba, amafumu, engabo, obululu n’engoye endala. Mu kiseera ky’okutuuza ku ntebe, engoma z’obwakabaka zaafulumya amaloboozi ag’amaanyi agawerako, nga zikakasa abantu abaaliwo obuyinza bwe obw’okufuga; Olwo Rukidi n’aweebwa erinnya ly’obwakabaka erya Winyi ne empaako Okaali. ====== Ennono y’Abacholi ====== Mu nnono y’Abaacholi, Labongo yali mutabani wa Olum era muganda wa Gipiir ne Tiful. == Ebijuliziddwa == === Ebiwandiiko === {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Ebijuliziddwa === <references responsive="1"></references> {{Reflist}} === Ensonda ===  {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=Ruth Alice |year=1911 |title=Twilight Tales of the Black Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/twilighttalesofb00fishrich |publisher=Marshall Brothers, Ltd. |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=John |year=1960 |title=Bunyoro: An African Kingdom |url=https://archive.org/details/bunyoroafricanki00beat |publisher=[[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]] |isbn=978-0305246525}} * {{Cite book |last=Ogot |first=Bethwell A. |year=1967 |title=History of the Southern Luo |url=https://annas-archive.org/md5/c5e7f48dd8886e1b07369f2ffedf977f |publisher=East African Publishing House |volume=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=John |year=1971 |title=The Nyoro State |url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780198231714}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyakatura |first=John W. |year=1973 |title=Anatomy of an African Kingdom: A History of Bunyoro-Kitara |url=https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |publisher=NOK Publishers, Ltd. |isbn=0-88357-025-4 |editor-last=Uzoigwe |editor-first=Godfrey N. |edition=English |location=New York City, New York, USA |language=en |translator-last=Muganwa |translator-first=Teopista |access-date=2025-09-24 |archive-date=2025-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815025917/https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |last=Apuuli |first=David Hihumuro |year=1994 |title=A Thousand Years of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom - The People and the Rulers |url=https://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0unescoen--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---3-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11----0-0-&a=d&c=unescoen&cl=CL1.10&d=HASHc3697d0c37be5024d365b7.1 |publisher=Fountain Publishers}} * {{Cite journal |last=Wrigley |first=C.C. |year=2012 |title=The Story of Rukidi |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/abs/story-of-rukidi/C556CDC2AA790E964BAE9AAE77030523 |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=43 |issue=3 |page=219–235}} * {{Cite journal |last=Jendia |first=Catherine |year=2019 |title=The cultural factor in conflict management/resolution: A case study of the Acholi of Northern Uganda |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332449593_The_cultural_factor_in_conflict_managementresolution_A_case_study_of_the_Acholi_of_Northern_Uganda |journal=African Journal of History and Culture |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=15–25}} {{refend}} 7093zi6gg1reicn1iptc1km3enzvacg 63388 63384 2026-07-17T12:38:16Z Kinenkey 10423 Nyongeddemu ekitundu "Laba ne" 63388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Obwakabaka bwa Uganda]] [[category:Bunyoro]] {{Databox}} '''Isingoma Rukidi Mpuga''', era ayitibwa '''Labongo''', yali kabaka wa [[Biito]] (Omukama Omubiito) eyasooka e [[Bunyoro-Kitara]] mu Bugwanjuba ga Uganda leero. Mu nnono y’Abanyoro, atwalibwa nga muganda wa [[Kato Kintu|Kato Kimera]], kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyasooka. == Obuto bwe == ===== Ennono y’Abanyoro ===== Mu nnono y’Abanyoro, Isingoma Mpuga Rukidi yazaalibwa mu [[Bukidi]] ng’omwana owookubiri owa Kyomya eyali mu lulyo lwa [[Chwezi]], ne Nyatworo (Maama wa Isingoma Mpuga Rukidi ) muwala w’omusajja Omu[[lango]] ayitibwa Labongo, ow’ekika kya Mukwonga. Yali muto wa Nyarwa, mulongo wa Kato ate nga mukulu wa Kiiza. Isingoma kiva mu kigambo ky'Olunyoro ise-ngoma, ekitegeeza "taata (w'engooma)". ‘Mpuga’ kiva mu linnya ly’ente ey'amabala eryeru n'eriddugavu, {{Lang|nyo|empuuga}}, ng’ajuliza obujajja bwa Rukidi obutabuletabule. Erinnya ‘Rukidi’ lijuliza ekifo we yazaalibwa. kigambibwa nti Rukidi ne baganda be (aba Babiito) baali bayizzi abaayagalwa ennyo abantu b’e Bukidi. Olunaku lumu, omulaguzi ayitibwa Nyakoka,[d] naye nga ava e Bukidi, yabatuukirira n’abagamba bagende e Kitara, kubanga olwo eggwanga lyabulwa kabaka, ne bakola bwe batyo. Nyakoka yabawerekera ku lugendo. Rukidi bwe yali okumpi ekimala n’ekibuga ekikulu, omuvvuunuzi[e] yasindikibwa okulangirira okutuuka kwe eri abantu b’e Kitara. Rukidi bwe yatuuka mu kibuga ekikulu, kigambibwa nti abantu b’omu kitundu baabatunuulira n’okubuusabuusa oba okunyooma, ng’ekimu ku byo kyava ku buzaale bwe obwali bulabika nga butabuddwatabuddwa. Mu lubiri lwa kabaka eyasembayo, Wamara. Nyakoka yayita omusamize ayitibwa Kasoira, Rukidi gwe yabuuza wa era lwaki abantu b’olulyo lwa Chwezi baagenda. Kasoira yagamba nti aba Chwezi baabula nga boolekera ennyanja Victoria era nti baagenda olw’ekikolimo kya Kantu. Rukidi olwo n’awa Bunono ne Iremera, bakyala ba Wamara ebibuuzo bye bimu, era omu ku bo[h] n’awa eky’okuddamu ekifaanagana ennyo n’ekya Kasoira. Rukidi yagoba Kasoira, Bunono ne Iremera oluvannyuma lw’okukakasa nti aba Chwezi tebagenda kudda. Oluvannyuma, Nyakoka yanenya Rukidi okulonzalonza okukkiriza obwakabaka era n’amugamba akole nga Kato tannafuulibwa kabaka mu kifo ky’ekyo. Kino kyamuleetera okufulumya ebiragiro okwetegekera okutikkirwa ku ntebe, omuli okuzzaawo ebizimbe by’obwakabaka n’okukung’aanya engoma z’obwakabaka Nyalebe ne Kajumba, amafumu, engabo, obululu n’engoye endala. Mu kiseera ky’okutuuza ku ntebe, engoma z’obwakabaka zaafulumya amaloboozi ag’amaanyi agawerako, nga zikakasa abantu abaaliwo obuyinza bwe obw’okufuga; Olwo Rukidi n’aweebwa erinnya ly’obwakabaka erya Winyi ne empaako Okaali. ====== Ennono y’Abacholi ====== Mu nnono y’Abaacholi, Labongo yali mutabani wa Olum era muganda wa Gipiir ne Tiful. == Laba ne == * [[Kato Kintu|Kato Kimera]] == Ebijuliziddwa == === Ebiwandiiko === {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Ebijuliziddwa === <references responsive="1"></references> {{Reflist}} === Ensonda ===  {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=Ruth Alice |year=1911 |title=Twilight Tales of the Black Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/twilighttalesofb00fishrich |publisher=Marshall Brothers, Ltd. |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=John |year=1960 |title=Bunyoro: An African Kingdom |url=https://archive.org/details/bunyoroafricanki00beat |publisher=[[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]] |isbn=978-0305246525}} * {{Cite book |last=Ogot |first=Bethwell A. |year=1967 |title=History of the Southern Luo |url=https://annas-archive.org/md5/c5e7f48dd8886e1b07369f2ffedf977f |publisher=East African Publishing House |volume=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=John |year=1971 |title=The Nyoro State |url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780198231714}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyakatura |first=John W. |year=1973 |title=Anatomy of an African Kingdom: A History of Bunyoro-Kitara |url=https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |publisher=NOK Publishers, Ltd. |isbn=0-88357-025-4 |editor-last=Uzoigwe |editor-first=Godfrey N. |edition=English |location=New York City, New York, USA |language=en |translator-last=Muganwa |translator-first=Teopista |access-date=2025-09-24 |archive-date=2025-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815025917/https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |last=Apuuli |first=David Hihumuro |year=1994 |title=A Thousand Years of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom - The People and the Rulers |url=https://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0unescoen--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---3-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11----0-0-&a=d&c=unescoen&cl=CL1.10&d=HASHc3697d0c37be5024d365b7.1 |publisher=Fountain Publishers}} * {{Cite journal |last=Wrigley |first=C.C. |year=2012 |title=The Story of Rukidi |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/abs/story-of-rukidi/C556CDC2AA790E964BAE9AAE77030523 |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=43 |issue=3 |page=219–235}} * {{Cite journal |last=Jendia |first=Catherine |year=2019 |title=The cultural factor in conflict management/resolution: A case study of the Acholi of Northern Uganda |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332449593_The_cultural_factor_in_conflict_managementresolution_A_case_study_of_the_Acholi_of_Northern_Uganda |journal=African Journal of History and Culture |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=15–25}} {{refend}} k0zba4yciccg0am29eshvosrokmqnbf 0 12030 63482 62846 2026-07-17T20:09:55Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Stephen Chemoiko Chebrot''' (yazaalibwa 27 Ogwomusanvu 1951) Munnayuganda [[Omusawo n'Omujjanjabi(Doctor and Nurse)|omusawo]] era munnabyabufuzi. Mu kiseera kino ye Minisita Omubeezi ow'ebyentambula mu [[Cabinet of Uganda|Kabineti ya Uganda]]. Yalondebwa ku kifo ekyo nga 27 Ogwokutaano 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Henry|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/755941|title=Museveni Names New Cabinet|access-date=6 March 2015|date=28 May 2011|last=Mukasa|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211124001/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/755941|archive-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> Yadda mu bigere bya [[Simon Ejua]], eyagibwa mu Kabineti. Mu nkyukakyuka ezaakolebwa mu kabineeti,nga 1 Ogwokusatu 2015, yasigaza ekifo kye ku kabineeti.<ref name="Shuffle">{{cite web|title=Full Cabinet List As At 1 March 2015|date=1 March 2015|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/2639388/data/956667/-/oq6gpdz/-/cabinet.pdf|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala|accessdate=6 March 2015|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709092825/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/2639388/data/956667/-/oq6gpdz/-/cabinet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Stephen Chebrot era akola nga [[Parliament of Uganda|Omubaka wa Paalamenti]] omulonde owa "Tingey County", mu [[Kapchorwa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kapchorwa]].<ref name="KAPS2">{{cite web |date=2012 |title=Profile of Stephen Chemoiko Chebrot, Member of Parliament for Tingey County, Kapchorwa District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=t&n=t&details=t&j=72&const=Tingey++County&dist_id=21&distname=Kapchorwa |accessdate=6 March 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> == Obuvo bwe n’obuyigirize == Yazaalibwa mu [[Kapchorwa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kapchorwa]] nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1951. Alina diguli mu By'eddagala ne Diguli mu Kulongoosa abantu, ze yafuna mu 1979, ne Diguli ey'okubiri mu by'okujanjaba abakyala, gye yafuna mu 1986, okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Nairobi. Mu 1998, yafuna diguli Ey'okubiri mu By'obulamu bw'Abantu, okuva mu Harvard School of Public Health. Ekyo yakigobereza ne diguli ya Master of Science mu Biostatistics and Epidemiology, gye yafuna mu 2002 okuva mu Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Mu 2009, McGill University yamuwa diguli Ey'okubiri ya Sayaansi mu By'obukulembeze n’kubuddukanya.<ref name="KAPS2" /> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu University of Nairobi School of Medicine, yamala omwaka gumu mu ddwaaliro lya Kenyatta National Hospital, ng’ayigirizibwa oluvannyuma lw'okubeera ng'ayali atikiddwa. Okuva mu 1980 okutuuka mu 1982, yakola ng’omusawo mu Minisitule y’Eby'obulamu ey'e Kenya. Mu 1982, yayingira pulogulaamu ya Master of Medicine e Kenyatta, ng’eddukanyizibwa eddwaaliro ne Yunivasite y’e Nairobi, n’atikkirwa mu 1985, ne diguli ya MMed mu by’Okuzaala Abakyala n'Okubajanjaba. Okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1986, yakola nga eyali yeebuzibwaako ku by'ensongza z'obulwadde bw'abakyala n'eby'okuzaalisa, ng'asinziira mu "Filsi Hospital" mu Kenya.<ref name="KAPS2" /> Yakomawo e Uganda mu 1986 era n'alondebwa okubeera Omubaka wa Uganda mu ggwanga lya Buyindi, gyeyawereza mu buyinza bwe okutuusa mu 1988. Mu 1988, yalondebwa mu paalamenti okukiikirira "Tingey County" mu [[Kapchorwa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kapchorwa]]. Yawangula era n'addamu okulondebwa okuva kw'olwo. Okuva mu 1988 okutuuka mu 1994, yaweereza nga Minisita Omubeezi owa Gavumenti ez’Ebitundu era nga ye Minisita w’Eby'emirimu okuva mu 1994 okutuuka mu 1997.<ref name="KAPS2" /> == Ebirala ebimukwatako == Stephen Chebrot mufumbo. Akiririza mu ddiini y'e Kanisa. Ono ali mu kibiina kya byabufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name="KAPS2" /> Laba ne * [[Cabinet of Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[Parliament of Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * Gavumenti ya Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html Olukalala lolujudde owa baminisita ba kabineeti ya Uganda Ogwokutaano 2011] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abava mu kibiina kya National Resistence Movement]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] 2m7eob3yp7bjhbeyjepdmxc4su7gfxm 0 12113 63464 42335 2026-07-17T19:30:33Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 63464 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''Stephen Kiggundu''' (3 Ogwokuna 1977 – 31 Ogwokusatu 2024), Munnayuganda eyali [[:en:Military_officer|omukungu mu magye]], omuvuzi w'ennyonyi z'amagye, [[:en:Paratrooper|omuvuzi wa parachute]], [[:en:Flight_instructor|omusomesa w'abavuzi b'ennyonyi z'amagye]] era [[:en:Military_commander|omuduumizi w'amagye]] mu ggye ly'Eggwanga erya Uganda People's Defence Force. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yeeyali omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’[[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|eggye ly’omubbanga erya UPDF]]. Yaweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2024. <ref name="1R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/experts-probe-how-brig-gen-kiggundu-was-electrocuted-4575816</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokuna 1977, mu kitundu ekiyitibwa "Bugonga", mu Kibuga [[:en:Entebbe|Entebbe]], mu [[:en:Wakiso_District|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]]. Yasomera mu massomero ga pulayimale ne siniya aga Uganda. Yaweebwa ekifo ku yunivasite, n’atikkirwa diguli esooka mu [[:en:Information_and_communications_technology|tekinologiya w’amawulire n’empuliziganya]] (ICT). <ref name="1R" /> == Okutendekebwa kwe mu by’amagye == Yeegatta ku ggye lya UPDF nga 27 Ogwomusanvu1999. Yeettaba ku kkampu eyamala emyezi mwenda. Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi mu magye. Mu 2000, yasindikibwa e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa [[:en:Flight_cadet|ng’omuvuzi w'ennyonyi atandika]] ku nnyonyi ennwaanyi [[:en:Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21|MIG-21]]. Yasukkuluma ku balala mu kutendekebwa kwe okw’okuvuga ennyonyi. <ref name="1R" /> Oluvannyuma yaddayo e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi wa parachute. Yatikkirwa ng’omu ku bavuzi ba parachute abaasooka mu gavumenti ya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa mu [[:en:Czech_Republic|Czech Republic]] okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi ya [[:en:Aero_L-39_Albatros|Aero L-39 Albatros]]. Bwe yali eyo, yakakasibwa ng’omusomesa w’abavuzi b’ennyonyi mu magye ku nnyonyi ya L-39 Albatros. <ref name="1R" /> Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa e [[:en:Ukraine|Ukraine]] emirundi egiwerako okusoma ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi z’amagye ku nnyonyi ya MIG-21. Yatikkirwa era n'asinga banne bonna mu kibiina kye. Ye muvuzi wa Uganda eyasooka okukakasibwa okubuusa ennyonyi ya [[:en:Sukhoi_Su-30|Su-30MK]], Uganda gye yagula mu 2012. <ref name="1R" /> Yasoma essomo ly’obuduumizi mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya [[:en:Air_Command_and_Staff_College|Air Command and Staff College]] ku [[:en:Maxwell_Air_Force_Base|Maxwell Air Force Base]] e [[:en:Montgomery,_Alabama|Montgomery]], [[:en:Alabama|Alabama]], Amerika era n’akola omusomo omulala mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya China. <ref name="1R" /> == Omulimu gwe ogw'amagye == Yakola emirimu egy’enjawulo mu ggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, okusinga ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi zombi, eya L-39 Albatros ne MIG-21. Mu 2008 yavuga ennyonyi mu lutalo nga olwa [[:en:Joseph_Kony|Joseph Kony]] n’eggye [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|lya Lord’s Resistance Army]] mu [[:en:Garamba_National_Forest|kibira kya Garamba]] mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Era yalwana mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa ekibinja ky’abatujju ekya [[:en:Allied_Democratic_Front|Allied Democratic Front]] mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda]] ne mu buvanjuba bwa DR Congo. <ref name="1R" /> Okumala ekiseera, ku ddaala lya Lieutenant Colonel, yaweereza ng’omuduumizi w’ekiwayi ky’amagye g’omubbanga e Soroti. <ref name="CommR">https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-sends-second-air-force-unit-to-somalia-NV_145070</ref> Era yaweereza ng'omuduumizi w'ekibinja kya Sukhoi Su-30MK2. Mu 2022, pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] yamukuza okuva ku [[:en:Lieutenant_Colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]] n’amufuula [[:en:Brigadier_General|Brigadier General]], n’abuuka eddaala lya Colonel. Olwo n’alondebwa okuba omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, n’amumyuka [[:en:Lieutenant_General|Lieutenant General]] [[:en:Charles_Okidi|Charles Okidi]]. <ref name="1R" /> <ref name="SorotiR">https://www.nilepost.co.ug/news/193912/air-force-chief-gen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom-accident-defence</ref> <ref name="PromotR">https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/museveni-names-new-airforce-commanders-NV_146917</ref> == Okufa kwe == Brigadier Kiggundu yakubwa amasannyalaze ng’anaaba mu kinaabiro ekiri mu maka ge amatongole mu kibuga Entebbe, akawungeezi ka Ssande nga 31 Ogwokusatu 2024, ng’amaze ennaku ssatu okuva ku mazaalibwa ge ag’emyaka 47. Amagye ga Uganda gaatandika okunoonyereza ku mbeera gye yafiiramu. <ref name="SorotiR">{{Cite web |last=Linda Nduwumwami |date=1 April 2024 |title=Air Force chief Gen Kiggundu dies in bathroom accident: Defence |url=https://www.nilepost.co.ug/news/193912/air-force-chief-gen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom-accident-defence |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=George Asiimwe |date=1 April 2024 |title=UPDF Deputy Airforce Commander, Stephen Kiggundu Dies in Bathroom |url=https://chimpreports.com/updf-deputy-airforce-commander-stephen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom/ |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Ivan Mubiru |date=31 March 2024 |title=Brig Gen. Stephen Kiggundu found dead in bathroom |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20240331/166901/updf-airforce-deputy-commander-brig-gen-stephen-kiggundu-found-dead-in-bathroom.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=Watchdog Uganda}}</ref> Yaziikibwa nga 4 Ogwokuna 2024 mu [[:en:Ancestral_home|maka ga bajjajjaabe]], mu Kijambura Cell, Nyangahya Division, Kikwanana Ward mu [[:en:Masindi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]], mu [[:en:Bunyoro_sub-region|kitundu ky'e Bunyoro]], mu [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|ttundutundu ly'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda]]. <ref name="BurialR">{{Cite web |date=5 April 2024 |title=UPDF Accords Brigadier Kiggundu Eleven Gun Salute |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-accords-brig-kiggundu-11-gun-salute-NV_185255 |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == *  Charles Lutaaya * Charles Okidi * UPDF * Wakiso District == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-air-force-deputy-commander-slips-in-bath-NV_184844/ Omumyuka w'omuduumizi w'eggye ly'omu bbanga erya UPDF afiiridde mu kinaabiro] 54lw3kcsxp2qy4ni3tj68q33tt6nfuq 63465 63464 2026-07-17T19:38:00Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 63465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Kiggundu''' (3 Ogwokuna 1977 – 31 Ogwokusatu 2024), [[Munnayuganda]] eyali omukungu mu magye, omuvuzi w'ennyonyi z'amagye, omuvuzi wa parachute, omusomesa w'abavuzi b'ennyonyi z'amagye era omuduumizi w'amagye mu ggye ly'Eggwanga erya Uganda People's Defence Force. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yeeyali omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omubbanga erya UPDF. Yaweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2024. <ref name="1R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/experts-probe-how-brig-gen-kiggundu-was-electrocuted-4575816</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokuna 1977, mu kitundu ekiyitibwa "Bugonga", mu Kibuga [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]]. Yasomera mu massomero ga pulayimale ne siniya aga [[Uganda]]. Yaweebwa ekifo ku yunivasite, n’atikkirwa diguli esooka mu tekinologiya w’amawulire n’empuliziganya (ICT). <ref name="1R" /> == Okutendekebwa kwe mu by’amagye == Yeegatta ku ggye lya UPDF nga 27 Ogwomusanvu1999. Yeettaba ku kkampu eyamala emyezi mwenda. Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi mu magye. Mu 2000, yasindikibwa e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w'ennyonyi atandika ku nnyonyi ennwaanyi MIG-21. Yasukkuluma ku balala mu kutendekebwa kwe okw’okuvuga ennyonyi. <ref name="1R" /> Oluvannyuma yaddayo e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi wa parachute. Yatikkirwa ng’omu ku bavuzi ba parachute abaasooka mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa mu [[Czechia|Czech Republic]] okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi ya Aero L-39 Albatros. Bwe yali eyo, yakakasibwa ng’omusomesa w’abavuzi b’ennyonyi mu magye ku nnyonyi ya L-39 Albatros. <ref name="1R" /> Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa e [[Ukraine]] emirundi egiwerako okusoma ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi z’amagye ku nnyonyi ya MIG-21. Yatikkirwa era n'asinga banne bonna mu kibiina kye. Ye muvuzi wa Uganda eyasooka okukakasibwa okubuusa ennyonyi ya Su-30MK, Uganda gye yagula mu 2012. <ref name="1R" /> Yasoma essomo ly’obuduumizi mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya Air Command and Staff College ku Maxwell Air Force Base e Montgomery, Alabama, [[Amerika]] era n’akola omusomo omulala mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya China. <ref name="1R" /> == Omulimu gwe ogw'amagye == Yakola emirimu egy’enjawulo mu ggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, okusinga ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi zombi, eya L-39 Albatros ne MIG-21. Mu 2008 yavuga ennyonyi mu lutalo nga olwa Joseph Kony n’eggye lya Lord’s Resistance Army mu kibira kya Garamba mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]. Era yalwana mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa ekibinja ky’abatujju ekya Allied Democratic Front mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ne mu buvanjuba bwa DR Congo. <ref name="1R" /> Okumala ekiseera, ku ddaala lya Lieutenant Colonel, yaweereza ng’omuduumizi w’ekiwayi ky’amagye g’omubbanga e [[Soroti (disitulikit)|Soroti]]. <ref name="CommR">https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-sends-second-air-force-unit-to-somalia-NV_145070</ref> Era yaweereza ng'omuduumizi w'ekibinja kya Sukhoi Su-30MK2. Mu 2022, pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] yamukuza okuva ku Lieutenant Colonel n’amufuula Brigadier General, n’abuuka eddaala lya Colonel. Olwo n’alondebwa okuba omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, n’amumyuka Lieutenant General [[Charles Okidi]]. <ref name="1R" /> <ref name="SorotiR">https://www.nilepost.co.ug/news/193912/air-force-chief-gen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom-accident-defence</ref> <ref name="PromotR">https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/museveni-names-new-airforce-commanders-NV_146917</ref> == Okufa kwe == Brigadier Kiggundu yakubwa amasannyalaze ng’anaaba mu kinaabiro ekiri mu maka ge amatongole mu kibuga Entebbe, akawungeezi ka Ssande nga 31 Ogwokusatu 2024, ng’amaze ennaku ssatu okuva ku mazaalibwa ge ag’emyaka 47. Amagye ga [[Uganda]] gaatandika okunoonyereza ku mbeera gye yafiiramu. <ref name="SorotiR">{{Cite web |last=Linda Nduwumwami |date=1 April 2024 |title=Air Force chief Gen Kiggundu dies in bathroom accident: Defence |url=https://www.nilepost.co.ug/news/193912/air-force-chief-gen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom-accident-defence |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=George Asiimwe |date=1 April 2024 |title=UPDF Deputy Airforce Commander, Stephen Kiggundu Dies in Bathroom |url=https://chimpreports.com/updf-deputy-airforce-commander-stephen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom/ |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Ivan Mubiru |date=31 March 2024 |title=Brig Gen. Stephen Kiggundu found dead in bathroom |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20240331/166901/updf-airforce-deputy-commander-brig-gen-stephen-kiggundu-found-dead-in-bathroom.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=Watchdog Uganda}}</ref> Yaziikibwa nga 4 Ogwokuna 2024 mu maka ga bajjajjaabe, mu Kijambura Cell, Nyangahya Division, Kikwanana Ward mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky'e Bunyoro, mu ttundutundu ly'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. <ref name="BurialR">{{Cite web |date=5 April 2024 |title=UPDF Accords Brigadier Kiggundu Eleven Gun Salute |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-accords-brig-kiggundu-11-gun-salute-NV_185255 |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Charles Lutaaya * [[Charles Okidi]] * UPDF * [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitilukiti y'e Wakiso]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-air-force-deputy-commander-slips-in-bath-NV_184844/ Omumyuka w'omuduumizi w'eggye ly'omu bbanga erya UPDF afiiridde mu kinaabiro] g6b2e89w79ofw6g1wnbcaia3yvm5ywl 63467 63465 2026-07-17T19:43:40Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ebijuliziddwa 63467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Kiggundu''' (3 Ogwokuna 1977 – 31 Ogwokusatu 2024), [[Munnayuganda]] eyali omukungu mu magye, omuvuzi w'ennyonyi z'amagye, omuvuzi wa parachute, omusomesa w'abavuzi b'ennyonyi z'amagye era omuduumizi w'amagye mu ggye ly'Eggwanga erya Uganda People's Defence Force. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yeeyali omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omubbanga erya UPDF. Yaweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2024.<ref name="1R2">{{cite web |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/experts-probe-how-brig-gen-kiggundu-was-electrocuted-4575816|title=Experts probe how Brig Gen Kiggundu was electrocuted|date=2 April 2024|author=Andrew Bagala|access-date=4 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokuna 1977, mu kitundu ekiyitibwa "Bugonga", mu Kibuga [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]]. Yasomera mu massomero ga pulayimale ne siniya aga [[Uganda]]. Yaweebwa ekifo ku yunivasite, n’atikkirwa diguli esooka mu tekinologiya w’amawulire n’empuliziganya (ICT).<ref name="1R2" /> == Okutendekebwa kwe mu by’amagye == Yeegatta ku ggye lya UPDF nga 27 Ogwomusanvu1999. Yeettaba ku kkampu eyamala emyezi mwenda. Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi mu magye. Mu 2000, yasindikibwa e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w'ennyonyi atandika ku nnyonyi ennwaanyi MIG-21. Yasukkuluma ku balala mu kutendekebwa kwe okw’okuvuga ennyonyi.<ref name="1R2" /> Oluvannyuma yaddayo e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi wa parachute. Yatikkirwa ng’omu ku bavuzi ba parachute abaasooka mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa mu [[Czechia|Czech Republic]] okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi ya Aero L-39 Albatros. Bwe yali eyo, yakakasibwa ng’omusomesa w’abavuzi b’ennyonyi mu magye ku nnyonyi ya L-39 Albatros.<ref name="1R2" /> Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa e [[Ukraine]] emirundi egiwerako okusoma ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi z’amagye ku nnyonyi ya MIG-21. Yatikkirwa era n'asinga banne bonna mu kibiina kye. Ye muvuzi wa Uganda eyasooka okukakasibwa okubuusa ennyonyi ya Su-30MK, Uganda gye yagula mu 2012.<ref name="1R2" /> Yasoma essomo ly’obuduumizi mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya Air Command and Staff College ku Maxwell Air Force Base e Montgomery, Alabama, [[Amerika]] era n’akola omusomo omulala mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya China.<ref name="1R2" /> == Omulimu gwe ogw'amagye == Yakola emirimu egy’enjawulo mu ggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, okusinga ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi zombi, eya L-39 Albatros ne MIG-21. Mu 2008 yavuga ennyonyi mu lutalo nga olwa Joseph Kony n’eggye lya Lord’s Resistance Army mu kibira kya Garamba mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]. Era yalwana mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa ekibinja ky’abatujju ekya Allied Democratic Front mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ne mu buvanjuba bwa DR Congo.<ref name="1R2" /> Okumala ekiseera, ku ddaala lya Lieutenant Colonel, yaweereza ng’omuduumizi w’ekiwayi ky’amagye g’omubbanga aga Soroti.<ref name="CommR">{{cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-sends-second-air-force-unit-to-somalia-NV_145070|title=Uganda Sends Second Air Force Unit To Somalia|work=[[New Vision]]|date=13 October 2022|author=Emmanuel Alom|access-date=14 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Era yaweereza ng'omuduumizi w'ekibinja kya Sukhoi Su-30MK2. Mu 2022, pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] yamukuza okuva ku Lieutenant Colonel n’amufuula Brigadier General, n’abuuka eddaala lya Colonel. Olwo n’alondebwa okuba omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, n’amumyuka Lieutenant General [[Charles Okidi]].<ref name="1R2" /><ref name="SorotiR2">{{cite web |work=Nile Post Uganda|date=1 April 2024|url=https://www.nilepost.co.ug/news/193912/air-force-chief-gen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom-accident-defence|title=Air Force chief Gen Kiggundu dies in bathroom accident: Defence|author=Linda Nduwumwami|access-date=4 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="PromotR">{{cite web |author=Charles Etukuri |date=8 November 2022 |title=Museveni Names New Air Force Commanders |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/museveni-names-new-airforce-commanders-NV_146917 |access-date=14 April 2024 |work=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Brigadier Kiggundu yakubwa amasannyalaze ng’anaaba mu kinaabiro ekiri mu maka ge amatongole mu kibuga Entebbe, akawungeezi ka Ssande nga 31 Ogwokusatu 2024, ng’amaze ennaku ssatu okuva ku mazaalibwa ge ag’emyaka 47. Amagye ga [[Uganda]] gaatandika okunoonyereza ku mbeera gye yafiiramu.<ref name="SorotiR2" /><ref name="3R">{{cite web |author=George Asiimwe |date=1 April 2024 |title=UPDF Deputy Airforce Commander, Stephen Kiggundu Dies in Bathroom |url=https://chimpreports.com/updf-deputy-airforce-commander-stephen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom/ |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=ChimpReports |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |author=Ivan Mubiru |date=31 March 2024 |title=Brig Gen. Stephen Kiggundu found dead in bathroom |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20240331/166901/updf-airforce-deputy-commander-brig-gen-stephen-kiggundu-found-dead-in-bathroom.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=Watchdog Uganda |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Yaziikibwa nga 4 Ogwokuna 2024 mu maka ga bajjajjaabe, mu Kijambura Cell, Nyangahya Division, Kikwanana Ward mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky'e Bunyoro, mu ttundutundu ly'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda.<ref name="BurialR">{{cite web |date=5 April 2024 |title=UPDF Accords Brigadier Kiggundu Eleven Gun Salute |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-accords-brig-kiggundu-11-gun-salute-NV_185255 |access-date=14 April 2024 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Charles Lutaaya * [[Charles Okidi]] * UPDF * [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitilukiti y'e Wakiso]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-air-force-deputy-commander-slips-in-bath-NV_184844/ Omumyuka w'omuduumizi w'eggye ly'omu bbanga erya UPDF afiiridde mu kinaabiro] muqgegxz5ti2bez0sbj65boqyu91n16 63468 63467 2026-07-17T19:44:44Z Lillylove256 10862 Ngasseeko Databox 63468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stephen Kiggundu''' (3 Ogwokuna 1977 – 31 Ogwokusatu 2024), [[Munnayuganda]] eyali omukungu mu magye, omuvuzi w'ennyonyi z'amagye, omuvuzi wa parachute, omusomesa w'abavuzi b'ennyonyi z'amagye era omuduumizi w'amagye mu ggye ly'Eggwanga erya Uganda People's Defence Force. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yeeyali omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omubbanga erya UPDF. Yaweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2024.<ref name="1R2">{{cite web |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/experts-probe-how-brig-gen-kiggundu-was-electrocuted-4575816|title=Experts probe how Brig Gen Kiggundu was electrocuted|date=2 April 2024|author=Andrew Bagala|access-date=4 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokuna 1977, mu kitundu ekiyitibwa "Bugonga", mu Kibuga [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]]. Yasomera mu massomero ga pulayimale ne siniya aga [[Uganda]]. Yaweebwa ekifo ku yunivasite, n’atikkirwa diguli esooka mu tekinologiya w’amawulire n’empuliziganya (ICT).<ref name="1R2" /> == Okutendekebwa kwe mu by’amagye == Yeegatta ku ggye lya UPDF nga 27 Ogwomusanvu1999. Yeettaba ku kkampu eyamala emyezi mwenda. Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi mu magye. Mu 2000, yasindikibwa e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w'ennyonyi atandika ku nnyonyi ennwaanyi MIG-21. Yasukkuluma ku balala mu kutendekebwa kwe okw’okuvuga ennyonyi.<ref name="1R2" /> Oluvannyuma yaddayo e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi wa parachute. Yatikkirwa ng’omu ku bavuzi ba parachute abaasooka mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa mu [[Czechia|Czech Republic]] okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi ya Aero L-39 Albatros. Bwe yali eyo, yakakasibwa ng’omusomesa w’abavuzi b’ennyonyi mu magye ku nnyonyi ya L-39 Albatros.<ref name="1R2" /> Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa e [[Ukraine]] emirundi egiwerako okusoma ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi z’amagye ku nnyonyi ya MIG-21. Yatikkirwa era n'asinga banne bonna mu kibiina kye. Ye muvuzi wa Uganda eyasooka okukakasibwa okubuusa ennyonyi ya Su-30MK, Uganda gye yagula mu 2012.<ref name="1R2" /> Yasoma essomo ly’obuduumizi mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya Air Command and Staff College ku Maxwell Air Force Base e Montgomery, Alabama, [[Amerika]] era n’akola omusomo omulala mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya China.<ref name="1R2" /> == Omulimu gwe ogw'amagye == Yakola emirimu egy’enjawulo mu ggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, okusinga ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi zombi, eya L-39 Albatros ne MIG-21. Mu 2008 yavuga ennyonyi mu lutalo nga olwa Joseph Kony n’eggye lya Lord’s Resistance Army mu kibira kya Garamba mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]. Era yalwana mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa ekibinja ky’abatujju ekya Allied Democratic Front mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ne mu buvanjuba bwa DR Congo.<ref name="1R2" /> Okumala ekiseera, ku ddaala lya Lieutenant Colonel, yaweereza ng’omuduumizi w’ekiwayi ky’amagye g’omubbanga aga Soroti.<ref name="CommR">{{cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-sends-second-air-force-unit-to-somalia-NV_145070|title=Uganda Sends Second Air Force Unit To Somalia|work=[[New Vision]]|date=13 October 2022|author=Emmanuel Alom|access-date=14 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Era yaweereza ng'omuduumizi w'ekibinja kya Sukhoi Su-30MK2. Mu 2022, pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] yamukuza okuva ku Lieutenant Colonel n’amufuula Brigadier General, n’abuuka eddaala lya Colonel. Olwo n’alondebwa okuba omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, n’amumyuka Lieutenant General [[Charles Okidi]].<ref name="1R2" /><ref name="SorotiR2">{{cite web |work=Nile Post Uganda|date=1 April 2024|url=https://www.nilepost.co.ug/news/193912/air-force-chief-gen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom-accident-defence|title=Air Force chief Gen Kiggundu dies in bathroom accident: Defence|author=Linda Nduwumwami|access-date=4 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="PromotR">{{cite web |author=Charles Etukuri |date=8 November 2022 |title=Museveni Names New Air Force Commanders |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/museveni-names-new-airforce-commanders-NV_146917 |access-date=14 April 2024 |work=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Brigadier Kiggundu yakubwa amasannyalaze ng’anaaba mu kinaabiro ekiri mu maka ge amatongole mu kibuga Entebbe, akawungeezi ka Ssande nga 31 Ogwokusatu 2024, ng’amaze ennaku ssatu okuva ku mazaalibwa ge ag’emyaka 47. Amagye ga [[Uganda]] gaatandika okunoonyereza ku mbeera gye yafiiramu.<ref name="SorotiR2" /><ref name="3R">{{cite web |author=George Asiimwe |date=1 April 2024 |title=UPDF Deputy Airforce Commander, Stephen Kiggundu Dies in Bathroom |url=https://chimpreports.com/updf-deputy-airforce-commander-stephen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom/ |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=ChimpReports |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |author=Ivan Mubiru |date=31 March 2024 |title=Brig Gen. Stephen Kiggundu found dead in bathroom |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20240331/166901/updf-airforce-deputy-commander-brig-gen-stephen-kiggundu-found-dead-in-bathroom.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=Watchdog Uganda |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Yaziikibwa nga 4 Ogwokuna 2024 mu maka ga bajjajjaabe, mu Kijambura Cell, Nyangahya Division, Kikwanana Ward mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky'e Bunyoro, mu ttundutundu ly'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda.<ref name="BurialR">{{cite web |date=5 April 2024 |title=UPDF Accords Brigadier Kiggundu Eleven Gun Salute |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-accords-brig-kiggundu-11-gun-salute-NV_185255 |access-date=14 April 2024 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Charles Lutaaya * [[Charles Okidi]] * UPDF * [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitilukiti y'e Wakiso]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-air-force-deputy-commander-slips-in-bath-NV_184844/ Omumyuka w'omuduumizi w'eggye ly'omu bbanga erya UPDF afiiridde mu kinaabiro] pxxo080a95tomidq1hw24sztcqlwpkk 63470 63468 2026-07-17T19:48:04Z Lillylove256 10862 ntonzeewo ettuluba 63470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stephen Kiggundu''' (3 Ogwokuna 1977 – 31 Ogwokusatu 2024), [[Munnayuganda]] eyali omukungu mu magye, omuvuzi w'ennyonyi z'amagye, omuvuzi wa parachute, omusomesa w'abavuzi b'ennyonyi z'amagye era omuduumizi w'amagye mu ggye ly'Eggwanga erya Uganda People's Defence Force. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yeeyali omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omubbanga erya UPDF. Yaweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2024.<ref name="1R2">{{cite web |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/experts-probe-how-brig-gen-kiggundu-was-electrocuted-4575816|title=Experts probe how Brig Gen Kiggundu was electrocuted|date=2 April 2024|author=Andrew Bagala|access-date=4 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokuna 1977, mu kitundu ekiyitibwa "Bugonga", mu Kibuga [[Entebbe]], mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]]. Yasomera mu massomero ga pulayimale ne siniya aga [[Uganda]]. Yaweebwa ekifo ku yunivasite, n’atikkirwa diguli esooka mu tekinologiya w’amawulire n’empuliziganya (ICT).<ref name="1R2" /> == Okutendekebwa kwe mu by’amagye == Yeegatta ku ggye lya UPDF nga 27 Ogwomusanvu1999. Yeettaba ku kkampu eyamala emyezi mwenda. Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi mu magye. Mu 2000, yasindikibwa e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w'ennyonyi atandika ku nnyonyi ennwaanyi MIG-21. Yasukkuluma ku balala mu kutendekebwa kwe okw’okuvuga ennyonyi.<ref name="1R2" /> Oluvannyuma yaddayo e Yisirayiri okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi wa parachute. Yatikkirwa ng’omu ku bavuzi ba parachute abaasooka mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa mu [[Czechia|Czech Republic]] okutendekebwa ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi ya Aero L-39 Albatros. Bwe yali eyo, yakakasibwa ng’omusomesa w’abavuzi b’ennyonyi mu magye ku nnyonyi ya L-39 Albatros.<ref name="1R2" /> Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa e [[Ukraine]] emirundi egiwerako okusoma ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi z’amagye ku nnyonyi ya MIG-21. Yatikkirwa era n'asinga banne bonna mu kibiina kye. Ye muvuzi wa Uganda eyasooka okukakasibwa okubuusa ennyonyi ya Su-30MK, Uganda gye yagula mu 2012.<ref name="1R2" /> Yasoma essomo ly’obuduumizi mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya Air Command and Staff College ku Maxwell Air Force Base e Montgomery, Alabama, [[Amerika]] era n’akola omusomo omulala mu ttendekero ly’amagye erya China.<ref name="1R2" /> == Omulimu gwe ogw'amagye == Yakola emirimu egy’enjawulo mu ggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, okusinga ng’omusomesa w’ennyonyi ku nnyonyi zombi, eya L-39 Albatros ne MIG-21. Mu 2008 yavuga ennyonyi mu lutalo nga olwa Joseph Kony n’eggye lya Lord’s Resistance Army mu kibira kya Garamba mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]. Era yalwana mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa ekibinja ky’abatujju ekya Allied Democratic Front mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ne mu buvanjuba bwa DR Congo.<ref name="1R2" /> Okumala ekiseera, ku ddaala lya Lieutenant Colonel, yaweereza ng’omuduumizi w’ekiwayi ky’amagye g’omubbanga aga Soroti.<ref name="CommR">{{cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-sends-second-air-force-unit-to-somalia-NV_145070|title=Uganda Sends Second Air Force Unit To Somalia|work=[[New Vision]]|date=13 October 2022|author=Emmanuel Alom|access-date=14 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Era yaweereza ng'omuduumizi w'ekibinja kya Sukhoi Su-30MK2. Mu 2022, pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] yamukuza okuva ku Lieutenant Colonel n’amufuula Brigadier General, n’abuuka eddaala lya Colonel. Olwo n’alondebwa okuba omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omu bbanga erya UPDF, n’amumyuka Lieutenant General [[Charles Okidi]].<ref name="1R2" /><ref name="SorotiR2">{{cite web |work=Nile Post Uganda|date=1 April 2024|url=https://www.nilepost.co.ug/news/193912/air-force-chief-gen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom-accident-defence|title=Air Force chief Gen Kiggundu dies in bathroom accident: Defence|author=Linda Nduwumwami|access-date=4 April 2024|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="PromotR">{{cite web |author=Charles Etukuri |date=8 November 2022 |title=Museveni Names New Air Force Commanders |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/museveni-names-new-airforce-commanders-NV_146917 |access-date=14 April 2024 |work=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Brigadier Kiggundu yakubwa amasannyalaze ng’anaaba mu kinaabiro ekiri mu maka ge amatongole mu kibuga Entebbe, akawungeezi ka Ssande nga 31 Ogwokusatu 2024, ng’amaze ennaku ssatu okuva ku mazaalibwa ge ag’emyaka 47. Amagye ga [[Uganda]] gaatandika okunoonyereza ku mbeera gye yafiiramu.<ref name="SorotiR2" /><ref name="3R">{{cite web |author=George Asiimwe |date=1 April 2024 |title=UPDF Deputy Airforce Commander, Stephen Kiggundu Dies in Bathroom |url=https://chimpreports.com/updf-deputy-airforce-commander-stephen-kiggundu-dies-in-bathroom/ |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=ChimpReports |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |author=Ivan Mubiru |date=31 March 2024 |title=Brig Gen. Stephen Kiggundu found dead in bathroom |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20240331/166901/updf-airforce-deputy-commander-brig-gen-stephen-kiggundu-found-dead-in-bathroom.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=Watchdog Uganda |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Yaziikibwa nga 4 Ogwokuna 2024 mu maka ga bajjajjaabe, mu Kijambura Cell, Nyangahya Division, Kikwanana Ward mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky'e Bunyoro, mu ttundutundu ly'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda.<ref name="BurialR">{{cite web |date=5 April 2024 |title=UPDF Accords Brigadier Kiggundu Eleven Gun Salute |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-accords-brig-kiggundu-11-gun-salute-NV_185255 |access-date=14 April 2024 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Charles Lutaaya * [[Charles Okidi]] * UPDF * [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitilukiti y'e Wakiso]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/updf-air-force-deputy-commander-slips-in-bath-NV_184844/ Omumyuka w'omuduumizi w'eggye ly'omu bbanga erya UPDF afiiridde mu kinaabiro] [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1977]] [[Category:Abantu abaafa mu 2024]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu distitulikiti y'e Masindi]] [[Category:Abantu abali mu ggye ly'Eggwanga erya Uganda People's Defence Force]] 4g922jholxqmehvx923sedqbftnll5u 0 12120 63483 63196 2026-07-17T20:10:36Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stephen Robert Isabalija''' [[Munnayuganda]] mukozi wa gavumenti, mukugu mu kuddukanya emirimu, mubazi w’ebitabo, musomesa mu matendekero aga waggulu era addukanya eby'enjigiriza. Ye muwandiisi ow’enkalakkalira eyaliko nga ono aliko tannajja mu minisitule y'amasannyalaze n'okukulaakulanya eby'obugagga byomuttaka mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], nga yaweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu mwezi Ogwekkuminoogumu 2016,<ref name="PC2">{{cite web|accessdate=30 June 2017|newspaper=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]|date=6 March 2017|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/muhakanizi-isabalija-fight-sparks-shs-30bn-uegcl-audit/|title=Muhakanizi, Isabalija 'fight' sparks Shs 30bn UEGCL audit|location=Kampala|first=Haggai|last=Matsiko}}</ref> okutuusa lweyasalibwaako ku mulimu nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2017.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 August 2017|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Museveni-Energy-PS-Isabalija-Robert-Kasande-Irene-Muloni/688334-4069268-ni69jtz/index.html|accessdate=19 September 2017|title=Museveni fires Energy PS Isabalija|first=Frederic|last=Musisi|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> Ng'ekkyo tekinnabaawo, yaweerezaako ng'omumyuka wa ccansala owa Victoria University Uganda, yunivasite ey’obwannannyini, ekola amagoba eya [[Ruparelia Group]], ekibinja kya zi bizinensi mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite web|first=Conan|last=Businge|first2=Ssebide|last2=Kiryowa|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646908-businessman-sudhir-buys-victoria-university.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907015900/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646908-businessman-sudhir-buys-victoria-university.html|archive-date=7 September 2013|title=Businessman Sudhir Buys Victoria University|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala|date=5 September 2013|accessdate=6 September 2014}}</ref> Yaweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obwo okuva mu Gwomwenda 2013 okutuuka mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2016.<ref name="PC2" /> == Obuvo bwe == Isabalija yazaalibwa [[Fort Portal]], mu [[Kabarole (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kabarole]], nga 23 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1976, eri Chris Nyakahuma (omugenzi) ne Lorraine K. Waako Akiiki (omugenzi).<ref name="Int2">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201512071010.html|title=Uganda: Dr Isabalija's First Visit to Kampala Was Gift From Mum|accessdate=19 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] via [[AllAfrica.com]]|location=Kampala|first=Simon|last=Kasyate|date=7 December 2015}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Isabalija yasomera mu ssomero lya Kinyamasika Demonstration School, e [[Fort Portal]] ku misomo gye egya pulayimale. Ku misomo gye egya siniya eyokuna (S.4), yasomera ku [[St Leos Kyegobe]], nalyo eriri mu Fort Portal. Yakyusa nadda ku ku [[Makerere College School]], mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene,ku misomo gye egya siniya eyomukaaga (S.6). Okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 1998, yasomera ku Makerere University Businees School (MUBS) ng'ekyayitibwa Nakawa College of Business Studies. Mu 1997, yeewandiisa ku ddiguli esooka mu by'obusuubuzi ku ttendekero ekkulu erya [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]], n’atikkirwa mu 2001. Okumala omwaka gumu mu 1998, yasomanga ddiguli e [[Makerere]] nga bwasoma ne dipuloma e Nakawa. Wakati wa 2002 ne 2004, yasomera ddiguli eyokubiri mu kuddukanya zi bizinensi (MBA) mu by'ensimbi n'okubala ebitabo, ku yunivasite y’e Makerere ettabi ekkulu. Ddiguli ye eyookusatu (PhD) mu mateeka agakolebwa zi gavumenti okukyusa ebyenfuna n'embeera z'abantu (Public policy) (Enkulaakulana y'ensi yonna), yafunibwa mu 2011, okuva mu Southern University, mu New Orleans, Louisiana,Amerika.<ref name="Int2" /><ref name="Hum">{{cite web|title=The Humble, Young Man in Huge Academic Robes |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1341436/humble-huge-academic-robes |first1=Conan|last1=Businge|first2=Roselyn|last2=Karatsi|location=Kampala|accessdate=19 September 2017|newspaper=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by’emirimu gye == Isabalija yatandika emirimu gye mu 1999 amangu ddala ng’amalirizza dipulooma ye mu misomo gya bizinensi. Yali mukugu mu by’ensimbi, era n’alinnya okutuuka ku ddaala ly’akulira okubala ebitabo ku [[Minisitule y'amazzi n'obutonde bw'ensi (Uganda)|Minisitule y’amazzi n’obutonde bw’ensi]] (JPF). Mu 2005, yapangisibwa ng’omusomesa mu bbanguliro lyabayizi abaatikkirwa n’alinnya natuuka ku dddaala ly'omusomesa omukulu ku Makerere University Business School (MUBS). Yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa ccansala wa Victoria University mu 2013. Ng’oggyeeko obuvunaanyizibwa bwe ku Victoria University, Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited ne Uganda Development Bank, atuula ku bukiiko bwa Dynamic Group, gy’ali ssentebe; Ekitongole kya ICT University Foundation; Obuweereza bw’Obuyigirizwa bw’Abakristaayo mu nsi yonna; ICT Centre, ettendekero ly'obusuubuzi erya [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]]; n'ekibiina omwegattira abakyala ba Uganda abatandisi b'emirimu ki Uganda Women Entrepreneurship Association, gy'ali omubaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webmail.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=30166%3Avictoria-will-be-a-leading-regional-university-vc&Itemid=96|title=Victoria Will Be A Leading Regional University - Vice Chancellor|first=Justus|last=Lyatuu|date=16 February 2014|accessdate=6 September 2014|newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)|The Observer Online (Uganda)]]|archive-date=7 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907004337/http://webmail.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=30166%3Avictoria-will-be-a-leading-regional-university-vc&Itemid=96|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nga 4 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2016, yalondebwa okuba omuwandiisi ow’enkalakkalira mu minisitule y’amasannyalaze n’eby’obugagga ebyomuttaka, ng'adda mu bigere bya Kabagambe Kaliisa eyafuuka omuwabuzi wa pulezidenti ku by’amasannyalaze.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=30 June 2017|url=http://www.chimpreports.com/former-victoria-university-vc-appointed-energy-ministry-permanent-secretary/|date=6 November 2016|title=Former Victoria University VC Appointed Energy Ministry Permanent Secretary|first=Paul|last=Mugume|newspaper=Chimpreports.com|location=Kampala}}</ref> == Obuwandiisi mu by’ensoma == Okunoonyereza kwa Isabalija kufulumiziddwa mu bitabo ebikeberebwa abakugu abalala mu kunoonyereza. Emitwe gy’ebiwandiiko bye mulimu: * Ensonga ezikosa okwettanira, okussa mu nkola n’okuyimirizaawo enkola z’amawulire eza Telemedicine mu Uganda. Okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula era ne kuteesa ku byetaago ebikulu eby’obujjanjabi obw’oku ssimu obuwangaazi mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Isabalija|first1=Dr Stephen R.|last2=Mayoka|first2=Kituyi G.|last3=Rwashana|first3=Dr Agnes S.|last4=Mbarika|first4=Prof Victor W.|date=2011-12-09|title=Factors Affecting Adoption, Implementation and Sustainability of Telemedicine Information Systems in Uganda|url=https://www.jhidc.org/index.php/jhidc/article/view/72|journal=Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries|language=en|volume=5|issue=2|issn=1178-4407}}</ref> * Enkola y’enzikiriziganya ku bisookerwako eby’okuyimirizaawo E-Medicine mu Sub-Saharan Africa: Enkola etabuddwamu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Isabalija|first=Stephen Robert|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED533424|title=A Theoretical Framework on the Antecedents of E-Medicine Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed Approach|date=2011|publisher=ProQuest LLC|isbn=978-1-124-79696-3|language=en}}</ref> * SME okwettanira enkola z’ebitongole mu Sub-Saharan Africa: Omulanga ogw’amaanyi okukola.<ref>{{Cite conference |conference=4th Annual International Conference on ICT for Africa 2012|last1=Adisa|first1=Femi|last2=Isabalija|first2=Stephen R.|date=2012|title=SME Adoption of Enterprise Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Clarion Call to Action|url=https://research.cbs.dk/en/publications/sme-adoption-of-enterprise-systems-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-clario|language=English}}</ref> * Enkola y’okukola enkola z’amawulire ez’obujjanjabi okuva ku ssimu ezisobola okuwangaala mu nsi ezikyakula.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mayoka|first1=Kituyi G.|last2=Rwashana|first2=Agnes S.|last3=Mbarika|first3=Victor W.|last4=Isabalija|first4=Stephen|date=2012-01-01|title=A framework for designing sustainable telemedicine information systems in developing countries|url=https://doi.org/10.1108/13287261211255329|journal=Journal of Systems and Information Technology|volume=14|issue=3|pages=200–219|doi=10.1108/13287261211255329|issn=1328-7265|url-access=subscription}}</ref> * Enkola ey’okussa mu nkola eddagala lya yintaneeti mu ngeri ey’olubeerera mu nsi ezikyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Isabalija |first1=Stephen Robert |last2=Mbarika |first2=Victor |last3=Kituyi |first3=Geoffrey Mayoka |date=2013-01-01 |title=A framework for sustainable implementation of e-medicine in transitioning countries |journal=International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications |volume=2013 |pages=8:8 |doi=10.1155/2013/615617 |issn=1687-6415 |pmc=3888754 |pmid=24454353 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Okunoonyereza okugeraageranya ku ngeri e-E-Medicine gye zitwalibwamu mu Uganda, Nigeria ne Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Isabalija |first1=Stephen Robert |last2=Kituyi |first2=Geoffrey Mayoka |date=2017-05-06 |title=A Comparative Study of e-Medicine Uptake in Uganda, Nigeria and Ethiopia |url=https://www.jhidc.org/index.php/jhidc/article/view/159 |journal=Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |issn=1178-4407}}</ref> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Isabalija atuula ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa Uganda Development Bank (UDB).<ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Directors - Uganda Development Bank |url=http://www.udbl.co.ug/board-members |accessdate=6 September 2014 |publisher=[[Uganda Development Bank]] |archive-date=26 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026092402/http://www.udbl.co.ug/board-members |url-status=dead }}</ref> Musajja mufumbo alina abaana bana.<ref name="Int2" /> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1976]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka e Tooro]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitilukiti y'e Kabarole]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Ttendekero ly'e Makerere]] 0psbnozo6pzrs3o5ut13jzz03v7w97l 0 13146 63450 53577 2026-07-17T17:34:07Z NAMUKWAYA BARBRA 9180 nkozeemu enkyukakyuka 63450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ali Muhammed Kiiza''' ye [[:en:Major_General|mejja jeeno]] omunnayuganda eyawummula, mu ggye [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|ly'omu bbanga erya UPDF]], akola nga omuwabuzi omukulu owa maggye eri [[:en:President_of_Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] . Ekyo nga tekinnatuuka, yakola nga avuga ennyonnyi omukulu eri abakulembeze b’amawanga mukaaga mu [[:en:Government_of_Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda]], okuva mu 1973 okutuuka mu 2012.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> == obuvo bwe n’emisomo gwe == Kiiza yazaalibwa mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, nga 27 Ogwekumi 1944.Oluvannyuma lw’okusoma pulayimale, yagenda ku Masindi Secondary School (nga kati liyitiibwa Kabalega Secondary School), gye yamaliriza emisomo gye egya egya siniya ey'okunna mu 1965. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, yeewandiisa ku ssomero,okwegatta ku ggye lya Uganda Air Force.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okuyingizibwa, yagenda mu kutendekebwa okusookerwako e [[Jinja]], okumala emyezi nga ena mu 1966, nga tannakyusibwa ku genda [[Entebbe]], okutandika okusoma eby'ennyonyi, mu 1967. Yasooka kutendekebwa ng’akozesa ennyonyi ya [[:en:Piper_PA-18_Super_Cub|Piper PA-18 Super Cub]], nga tannatikkirwa mu [[:en:Fouga_CM.170_Magister|Fouga CM.170 Magister]] . Mu 1968, Kiiza yaweebwa omulimu gw’okubeera [[:en:Second_Lieutenant|Lieutenant owo'kubiri]].<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe == Oluvannyuma yasindikibwa mu kitongole kya VIP Transport Division, mu ggye lya Uganda Army Air Force, ng’akozesa ennyonyi ya [[:en:Piper_PA-23|Piper PA-23]] . Bw’atyo bwe yasisinkana [[Idi Amin]], ng’ono akola ng’omuduumizi w’amagye. Ali yafuuka omuvuzi wa Amin ow’obuntu.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Mu 1972, Ali yalaba olutalo lwa mu nsiko ya Uganda ne Tanzania, ennyonyi [[:en:Fouga_Magister|Fouga Magister]] gye yali avuga bwe yakubwa amasasi Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse mu Bukiikakkono [[Tanzania|bwa Tanzania]]. Essasi lyayise mu ntebe ya co-pilot, mu kiseera ekyo nga tewali muntu yenna. Yaweereddwa omudaali gwa [[:en:Military_Cross|Military Cross]] olw’obuzira bwe.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Era mu 1972, Uganda yafuna [[:en:Grumman_Gulfstream_II|Gulfstream II]], okutambula kwa pulezidenti. Kiiza, n’abalala basatu baasindikirwa mu FlightSafety Savannah Learning Center, e [[:en:Savannah,_Georgia|Savannah, Georgia]], Amerika, okuyiga okubuuka ennyonyi Gulfstream. Abalala abasatu bali [[:en:Andrew_Mukooza|Andrew Mukooza]], [[Paul Babula]] ne [[Patrick Bogere (pilot)|Patrick Bogere]] . Baagenda mu maaso n’okutendekebwa ku [[:en:Vero_Beach,_Florida|Vero Beach, Florida]], gye baafunira layisinsi zaabwe ez’okuvuga ennyonyi ez’obusuubuzi.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutendekebwa mu Amerika, Kiiza yatandika okubeere nga co-pilot ku Gulfstream mu 1974, ng’abavuzi b’ennyonyi Abamerika be bafuga. Mu 1975, yabuusa ennyonyi eno n’agitwala e [[:en:Iraq|Iraq]], nga kapiteeni omulundi gwe ogwasooka. 1975 gwali mwaka gwa kola nnyo eri Kiiza. Yatendekebwa ennyonyi ennwaanyi mu Iraq, ng’alagirwa Russia ku nnyonyi ennwaanyi [[:en:Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21|Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]] (MiG-21). Olwo n'alondebwa okuba omuduumizi w'ekibinja ky'amagye g'omu bbanga ekya Uganda Army Air Force ekya MiG-21.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa nga "Supersonic Fighter Squadron".<ref name="broadcast">{{cite news|title=Air Force officers (Editorial report)|journal=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa|issue=5777|publisher=[[BBC Monitoring]]|date=1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DB4sAQAAIAAJ&q=kiiza}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, Uganda yategeka olukung’aana lwa [[:en:Organisation_of_African_Unity|OAU Heads of State Summit]], mu [[Kampala]] . Yavuga [[:en:Yasser_Arafat|Yasser Arafat]] okuva [[:en:Damascus,_Syria|e Damascus, Syria]] okutuuka [[Entebbe|e Entebbe]], n’oluvannyuma n’agenda e [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], Sudan. N’ekirala, jenero [[:en:Yakubu_Gowon|Yakubu Gowon]], mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa [[Nigeria]], yajibwa mu ntebbe bwe yali mu Kampala, nga yeetabye mu lukiiko lwa olukiiko lwa OAU. Amin yawa Kiiza omulimu gw’okuvuga Gowon ku nnyonyi okugenda e [[:en:Lomé|Lomé]], Togo, gye yagenda mu buwanganguse.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Mu 1978 we gwatuukira, Kiiza yali afuuse [[:en:Lieutenant_colonel|Lieutenant colonel]].<ref name="broadcast" /> Wadde nga mu myaka gya 1970 ne 1980 waaliwo enkyukakyuka mu bukulembeze mu Uganda emirundi mingi, Kiiza yasigala akola ng’omuvuzi w’ennyonyi omukulu owa pulezidenti, olw’okutendekebwa n’obumanyirivu bwe. Yavuga [[:en:Yusuf_Lule|Yusuf Lule]], [[Godfrey Binaisa]], [[Paulo Muwanga]] ne [[Milton Obote]].<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> == Okuva mu Uganda ne mu buwanganguse == Mu Gw'omukaaga 1981, Kiiza yawulira nga talina bukuumi mu Uganda. Yategeezezza Obote nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti yeetaaga okukolebwako saaviisi mu Amerika. Ennyonyi yagivuga n’agitwala mu Amerika, oluvannyuma n’akyuka n’agivuga n’agizza e [[:en:London|London]], mu Bungereza. Kiiza yakwasa [[:en:Lieutenant_Colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]] ennyonyi ya pulezidenti Paul Babula (awumule mirembe), eyaavuga ennyonyi Gulfstream II okudda mu Uganda. Kiiza yasenga mu Amerika, [[:en:Gulfstream_Aerospace|ekitongole kya Gulfstream Aerospace]] gye kyamuwa omulimu. Yakomawo mu Uganda mu 1986, nga [[Yoweri Museveni]] amaze okufuuka pulezidenti.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> == Oluvannyuma lwa 1986 == Mu 1987, Kiiza yazzibwayo mu ggye ly’omu bbanga. Yakola nga muvuzi wa Museveni omukulu okuva mu 1987 okutuuka mu 2012. Mu kiseera kino, Kiiza bamuyitta okuvuga pulezidenti [[Nelson Mandela]], bwe yakyalira Uganda mu 1994. Yamuvuga okuva Entebbe n’agenda e [[:en:Addis_Ababa|Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia, oluvannyuma n’amutwala e [[:en:Pretoria|Pretoria]], South Africa. Abasaabaze abalala abamanyiddwa kuliko pulezidenti [[Paul Kagame]] owa Rwanda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Mu Gw'omusavu mu 2018, Ali Muhammed Kiiza yawummula mu ggye lya UPDF ku ddaala lya Major General.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Malaba |first=Tom |date=28 December 2018 |title=11 Retired Generals Get Shs7 Billion Package |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/11-retired-generals-get-Shs7-billion-package-/688334-4912182-8oe4bw/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=UPDF |date=4 July 2018 |title=Commander In Chief Retires Senior Officers |url=https://www.updfmil.go.ug/accord.php |access-date=22 April 2019 |publisher=[[Uganda People's Defence Forces]] (UPDF)}}</ref> Wabula yagenda mu maaso n'okuweereza ng'omuwabuzi wa pulezidenti omukulu ku nsonga z'amagye g'omu bbanga, omulimu gwe yasooka okulondebwa mu 1998.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> == Laba == * [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Uganda]] * [[Kasirye Ggwanga]] == Ebijjuliziddwa ==   == Ebijjuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/07/05/tears-as-museveni-retires-eleven-generals-from-the-army/ Amaziga nga Museveni awummudde ba Genero kkumi na omu okuva mu magye] Nga 5 July 2018. {{Reflist}} dktk8oxz3o0enw3vc6uxscaebw3yvio 0 13196 63459 52038 2026-07-17T18:26:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Roseline Sonayee Konya''' [[Academic staff|munnabyanjigiriza]] era [[Politician|munnabyabufuzi]] omu Nigeria okuva mu Khana, Rivers State. Pulofeesa mu [[Toxicology|by'obutwa]] [[Pharmacology|n'eddagala]] mu yunivasite y'e [[University of Port Harcourt|Port Harcourt]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Konya Calls For Environmental Stewardship In Nigeria |url=http://www.uniport.edu.ng/news/featured/556-presidential-awards.html |access-date=17 June 2016 |website=[[University of Port Harcourt]] |archive-date=30 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430071643/http://uniport.edu.ng/news/featured/556-presidential-awards.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Davies Iheamnachor (28 April 2015). [http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/toxicologists-raise-alarm-over-pollutants-in-n-delta-communities/ "Toxicologists raise alarm over pollutants in N-Delta communities Calls".] [[Vanguard (Nigeria)|''Vanguard''.]] Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 17 June 2016.</ref> Yakolako nga [[Rivers State Commissioner of Environment|Kaminsona w'obutonde bw'ensi]]<ref>[https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/cover/government-agencies-others-fuelling-air-pollution-in-port-harcourt/ "'Government agencies, others fuelling air pollution in Port Harcourt'"]. [[The Guardian (Nigeria)|''The Guardian''.]] Lagos, Nigeria. 27 May 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2022.</ref> mu [[Executive Council of Rivers State|kabineti]] ya Gavana [[Peter Odili]] era n'addamu okulondebwa mu ofiisi y'emu mu kabineti ya Gavana [[Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]].<ref>John Ighodaro (4 April 2005). [http://allafrica.com/stories/200504041179.html "Odili Sets Up Committee to Study Ataba Crisis Report"]. [[Vanguard (Nigeria)|''Vanguard''.]] Retrieved 17 June 2016 &#x2013; via [[AllAfrica]].</ref> Era yaliko Ssentebe [[Civil service commission|w'akakiiko k'abakozi ba gavumenti]] mu 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-20 |title=Konya Roseline |url=https://litcaf.com/konya-roseline/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=LitCaf |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927114551/https://litcaf.com/konya-roseline/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu Buan, Khana mu ssaza ly'e [[Rivers State|Rivers]], Nigeria. Konya yasomera ku St Arthur’s Anglican Primary School, Buan gye yava n’agenda ku Mercy Secondary School, Okigwe (leero mu [[Imo State]], Nigeria) okusoma siniya. Wabula yataataaganyizibwa [[Nigerian Civil War|olutalo lw’omunda mu Nigeria]], olwatandika ku nkomerero ya 1967. Mu 1968, ng’olutalo lukyagenda mu maaso, yawandiisibwa ku Holy Rosary Secondary School, [[Port Harcourt]] gye yagenda mu maaso [[Education|n'emisomo]] mu siniya okutuusa mu 1969. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1971, yasoma emisomo gye egya A-level ku St. Anne’s School, Ibadan, gye yava n’agenda mu mpaka za The Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA), Bungereza, gye yafunira diguli ye eya B.Sc. mu Sayansi mu 1976 ate mu 1977 yafuna diguli eyookubiri okuva mu [[Loughborough University]]. Mu 1984, Konya yamaliriza pulogulaamu ye eya ddiguli eyookusatuokuva ku [[Brunel University London|Brunel University, London]]. == Emirimu gye == Konya yatandika okukola ng’omuyambi w'omusomesa ku [[University of Port Harcourt|yunivasite y’e Port Harcourt]] mu 1979, oluvannyuma n’agenda mu [[Brunel University London|Brunel]] University, Bungereza gye yafunira diguli ye eya Ph.D. Yaddayo e Nigeria mu 1984 n’agenda mu maaso n’okubeera omusomesa mu yunivasite y’e Port Harcourt. Nga tannalondebwa ku bwa [[Commissioner|Kaminsona]] w'obutonde bwensi mu Rivers State. Yaliko mu bifo ebiwerako era nga bino mulimu: * Ssentebe, Protocol Subcommittee of Convocation Committee(1990) * Dayirekita, Kampuni ya Delta Rubber (1991–1993)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Babah |first=Chinedu |date=2017-03-02 |title=KONYA, Dr. (Mrs.) Roseline S |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/konya-dr-mrs-roseline-s/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kaminsona, Akakiiko k’abakozi ba gavumenti (1993–1996) * Ssentebe, akakiiko k’abakozi ba gavumenti (1997–1999) * Akulira ekitongole, Ekitongole ky’ebisolo n’obutonde bw’ensi (2001–2003) * Mmemba, Olukiiko oluwabula ku by’ensoma, Institute of Petroleum Studies (IPS) * Akwasaganya embeera z'abayizi, School of Graduate Studies * Pioneer Provost, School of Graduate Studies Mu mwaka gwa 2003, Konya yakuzibwa n’afuna ekifo kya Pulofeesa w’ebyobulamu by’ebisolo n’obutonde bw’ensi. Ye ssentebe wa, Akakiiko ak’ekikugu akassa mu nkola Ebiteeso by’alipoota ya Gavumenti y’essaza ly’e Rivers ku nfuufu<ref>[https://punchng.com/rivers-govt-sets-up-committee-to-tackle-soot/ "Rivers govt sets up committee to tackle soot".] ''[[The Punch]]''. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isangedighi |first=Iyanam |date=2019-05-18 |title=Rivers government sets up a technical committee to tackle soot |url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/rivers-government-sets-technical-committee-tackle-soot-220992 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yakubu |first=Okhumode H. |date=January 2018 |title=Particle (Soot) Pollution in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria—Double Air Pollution Burden? Understanding and Tackling Potential Environmental Public Health Impacts |journal=Environments |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=2 |doi=10.3390/environments5010002 |issn=2076-3298 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Engule == * Engule y’obukulembeze obw’ekitiibwa mu tekinologiya w’obutonde bw’ensi eyakolebwa ekibiina ky’abasuubuzi mu Bungereza nga basiima ebituukiddwaako ebirungi n’okumanyika mu bukulembeze mu 2004. * Yayogerwako mu ngule ya WHO IS WHO for Excellence in Management Intelligence Special Merit Award mu Gwekkumi, 2008 * Merit Award okuva mu kibiina ky'abayizi aba Animal and Environmental Biology Students Association nga omusomesa asinga okubeera omulungi - Gwamwenda, 2010 * Engule y’akakiiko k’abakulu n’abakulira essomero lya Post Graduate School (CDPGS) mu Nigeria – Gwakkumineebiri 2012 == Obulamu ku bubwe == Roseline Konya yali yafumbirwa Barido Konya kati omugenzi,<ref name="Konya Roseline">{{Cite web |date=2020-08-20 |title=Konya Roseline |url=https://litcaf.com/konya-roseline/ |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=LitCaf |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927114551/https://litcaf.com/konya-roseline/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> gwe yazaalamu abaana basatu.<ref name="Konya Roseline"/> Ye ssentebe w’olukiiko lw’aba Methodist Knights Council eyasooka mu– Port Harcourt Archdiocese; era omukazi eyasooka mu Methodist Knight mu masaza g'e Rivers ne Bayelsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Roseline Konya |url=https://www.uniport.edu.ng/files/123InaugurlProfKonya.pdf |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=UNIPORT.edu.ng |archive-date=1 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901125052/https://www.uniport.edu.ng/files/123InaugurlProfKonya.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 8id79m8e86ulpj8zn13ef4c5nwpy8vu 0 13306 63475 61617 2026-07-17T19:50:05Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza ebijulizo 63475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adison Kakuru''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] nga munnabyabufuzi, musuubuzi, mulimi, era omukugu mu by’obutonde. Ono ye yali omubaka omulonde mu Palamenti akiikirira Rukiga County mu [[Kabale (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kabale]] mu [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omunaana. Era yakola nga ssentebe wa disitulikiti eyalondeddwa mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale (ssentebe wa LC 5), sipiika w’olukiiko lwa disitulikiti e [[Kabale]], era mmemba ku lukiiko lwa disitulikiti y’e Kabale ng’akiikirira eggombolola y'e Rwamucucu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuziekya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref>"Rukiga race: Independent candidate gives NRM trouble" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706224502/http://www.independent.co.ug/election-watch/2644-rukiga-race-independentcandidate-gives-nrm-trouble|date=6 July 2015}}. ''The Independent'', 23 March 2010</ref><ref>[http://allafrica.com/thread/comment/main/main/pkey/aans:post:201003260090.html Adison Kakuru Hands Over Kabale Office to Vice-Chairman]</ref> == Ebimukwatako == Kakuru yazaalibwa nga 14 Ogwokuna 1962 mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale.<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=37 Adison Kakuru Was Born in 14 April 1962]</ref> Yasomera ku [[Kigezi College Butobere]] ku ddaala lya O ne [[A level|A]]. Kakuru yafuna diguli esooka mu ssayansi w'[[Forestry|’ebibira]], okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 1990. Era alina diguli eyookubiri mu by’obutonde n’okuddukanya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka okuva mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomera ku kitongole ky’ensi yonna eky’ebyobulimi, e Wageningen, Netherlands.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120317162411/http://www.cbcglobal.org/cbc_pages/Peoples.aspx?PId=294 Profile At Commonwealth Business Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317162411/http://www.cbcglobal.org/cbc_pages/Peoples.aspx?PId=294|date=17 March 2012}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Kakuru yaliko omukungu mu kitongole ekinoonyereza mu kitongole ky’ebibira era ng’omukozi munne mu kitongole kya Gavumenti ya Uganda ekinoonyereza ku bibira ekya Agroforestry Research Network for Africa (AFRENA). Mu kitongole kya Uganda ekya Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization, yakolako nga research officer/centre manager mu Forestry Research Institute era yakola ne ku pulojekiti endala.<ref>[http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7769:rukiga-by-elecetion-kakuru-pledges-to-unite-develop-rukiga "RUKIGA BY-ELECTION: Kakuru pledges to unite, develop Rukiga"]. ''The Observer''.</ref> Yali akulira ekifo kya Kabale ki AFRENA. Era yaliko akulira ekitongole ky'ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ekya [[Africare]]<ref name="Rwabwogo2007">{{Cite book |last=Mugisha Odrek Rwabwogo |year=2007 |title=Uganda Districts Information Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQkOAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=9789970024292}}</ref> wansi wa Africare/ [[USAID]], Pulojekiti eya Title II Food for Peace eyassibwamu ssente eyitibwa Uganda Food Security Initiative. Ng’omukugu mu by’obutonde bw’ensi, Kakuru yakolera mu kitongole kya Regional Center for Services in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, e [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] ; [[International Centre for Research in Agroforestry|ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekinoonyereza ku by’obulimi]] mu Nairobi; [[International Atomic Energy Agency|ekitongole ky’ensi yonna eky’amaanyi ga atomu]] n’ekitongole [[Food and Agriculture Organization|ky’emmere n’ebyobulimi]] mu kibuga Viennab ekya [[Austria]] ; [[National Agricultural Research Organisation|ekitongole ky’eggwanga ekinoonyereza ku by’obulimi]] mu [[Kampala]], Uganda; n’ekibiina ekigatta abantu b’oku nsozi mu nsi yonna mu kibuga Paris ekya Bufalansa. == Ebyobufuzi == Mu Gwokuna 1992, Kakuru yalondebwa okubeera mmemba ku lukiiko lw’eggombolola y’e Kabale, ng’akiikirira Rwamucucu. Ofiisi eno yagirimu okutuusa mu 2002, n’aweereza nga ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyenjigiriza mu disitulikiti n’akakiiko akakola ku by’okufulumya n’obutonde bw’ensi mu disitulikiti. Mu Gwokuna 1998, yalondebwa okubeera sipiika w’olukiiko lwa disitulikiti e Kabale, ekifo kye yalimu okutuusa mu Gwokusatu 2002, ate nga ye ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobusuubuzi aka District Council. Kakuru yafuuka ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y'e Kabale mu Gwokuna 2002,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150211051754/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-112996396/kakuru-compromise-candidate-rugunda "Kakuru 'Compromise' Candidate – Rugunda."], '' Africa News Service'', 6 February 2004. via Highbeam</ref> ng'awangula Francis Runumi. Yaddamu okulondebwa mu ofiisi y’emu mu 2006. Mu Gwokusatu 2010, yalekulira okwetaba mu kulonda okwokujjuza ekifo okwa federo okwaliwo mu 2010 mu Rukiga county.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150211043516/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/2558-mbale-fdc-win-maintains-nrm-urban-jinx "Mbale FDC win maintains NRM urban jinx"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211043516/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/2558-mbale-fdc-win-maintains-nrm-urban-jinx|date=11 February 2015}}. ''The Independent''. 2 March 2010</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2010, Kakuru yalondebwa okubeera omukiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’omunaana, ng’akiikirira Rukiga County mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula Jack Sabiiti eyeesimbawo ku lw'ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]].<ref>[http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7769&Itemid= Rukiga by-election: Kakuru pledges to unite, develop Rukiga]</ref><ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/730642 "District winners"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211042312/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/730642|date=11 February 2015}}. ''New Vision''. 2 September 2010</ref> Bwe yali mu Palamenti, yaweereza ku kakiiko ak'enkalakkalira aka Physical Infrastructure n’akakiiko ka committee of Commissions, Statutory Authorities and Government Enterprises. Mu kulonda kw’eggwanga okwa 2011, yawangulwa Jack Sabiiti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=joomlasupport |title=Was the election rigged? |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=12352:was-the-election-rigged |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101035152/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=12352:was-the-election-rigged |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Jack Sabiiti]] * Palamenti ya Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120313104350/http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=416&newsId=742589 Profile Ku mukutu gwa Newvision.co.ug] * [http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695/Opio Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, June 2006]  * [http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/671730/Opio Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, February 2009]  * [https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, May 2011] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100330010849/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/714209 Adison Kakuru akwasizza omumyuka wa ssentebe ofiisi y’e Kabale] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201003290513.html Sisinkana Bannabyabufuzi Baffe-Adison Kakuru] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Abanayuganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] suwde6vjzqnntl428a15ed9oafyy1kw 63477 63475 2026-07-17T19:54:21Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 63477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adison Kakuru''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] nga munnabyabufuzi, musuubuzi, mulimi, era omukugu mu by’obutonde. Ono ye yali omubaka omulonde mu Palamenti akiikirira Rukiga County mu [[Kabale (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kabale]] mu [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omunaana. Era yakola nga ssentebe wa disitulikiti eyalondeddwa mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale (ssentebe wa LC 5), sipiika w’olukiiko lwa disitulikiti e [[Kabale]], era mmemba ku lukiiko lwa disitulikiti y’e Kabale ng’akiikirira eggombolola y'e Rwamucucu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuziekya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref>"Rukiga race: Independent candidate gives NRM trouble" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706224502/http://www.independent.co.ug/election-watch/2644-rukiga-race-independentcandidate-gives-nrm-trouble|date=6 July 2015}}. ''The Independent'', 23 March 2010</ref><ref>[http://allafrica.com/thread/comment/main/main/pkey/aans:post:201003260090.html Adison Kakuru Hands Over Kabale Office to Vice-Chairman]</ref> == Ebimukwatako == Kakuru yazaalibwa nga 14 Ogwokuna 1962 mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale.<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=37 Adison Kakuru Was Born in 14 April 1962]</ref> Yasomera ku [[Kigezi College Butobere]] ku ddaala lya O ne [[A level|A]]. Kakuru yafuna diguli esooka mu ssayansi w'[[Forestry|’ebibira]], okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 1990. Era alina diguli eyookubiri mu by’obutonde n’okuddukanya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka okuva mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomera ku kitongole ky’ensi yonna eky’ebyobulimi, e Wageningen, Netherlands.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120317162411/http://www.cbcglobal.org/cbc_pages/Peoples.aspx?PId=294 Profile At Commonwealth Business Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317162411/http://www.cbcglobal.org/cbc_pages/Peoples.aspx?PId=294|date=17 March 2012}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Kakuru yaliko omukungu mu kitongole ekinoonyereza mu kitongole ky’ebibira era ng’omukozi munne mu kitongole kya Gavumenti ya Uganda ekinoonyereza ku bibira ekya Agroforestry Research Network for Africa (AFRENA). Mu kitongole kya Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization, yakolako nga research officer/centre manager mu Forestry Research Institute era yakola ne ku pulojekiti endala.<ref>[http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7769:rukiga-by-elecetion-kakuru-pledges-to-unite-develop-rukiga "RUKIGA BY-ELECTION: Kakuru pledges to unite, develop Rukiga"]. ''The Observer''.</ref> Y'eyali akulira ekifo kya Kabale ki AFRENA. Era yaliko akulira ekitongole ky'ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ekya Africare<ref name="Rwabwogo2007">{{Cite book |last=Mugisha Odrek Rwabwogo |year=2007 |title=Uganda Districts Information Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQkOAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=9789970024292}}</ref> wansi wa Africare/ USAID, Pulojekiti eya Title II Food for Peace eyassibwamu ssente eyitibwa Uganda Food Security Initiative. Ng’omukugu mu by’obutonde bw’ensi, Kakuru yakolera mu kitongole kya Regional Center for Services in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, e Nairobi, [[Kenya]] ; ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekinoonyereza ku by’obulimi mu Nairobi; ekitongole ky’ensi yonna eky’amaanyi ga atomu n’ekitongole ky’emmere n’ebyobulimi mu kibuga Viennab ekya [[Austria]] ; ekitongole ky’eggwanga ekinoonyereza ku by’obulimi mu [[Kampala]], Uganda; n’ekibiina ekigatta abantu b’oku nsozi mu nsi yonna mu kibuga Paris ekya Bufalansa. == Ebyobufuzi == Mu Gwokuna 1992, Kakuru yalondebwa okubeera mmemba ku lukiiko lw’eggombolola y’e Kabale, ng’akiikirira Rwamucucu. Ofiisi eno yagirimu okutuusa mu 2002, n’aweereza nga ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyenjigiriza mu disitulikiti n’akakiiko akakola ku by’okufulumya n’obutonde bw’ensi mu disitulikiti. Mu Gwokuna 1998, yalondebwa okubeera sipiika w’olukiiko lwa disitulikiti e Kabale, ekifo kye yalimu okutuusa mu Gwokusatu 2002, ate nga ye ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobusuubuzi aka District Council. Kakuru yafuuka ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y'e Kabale mu Gwokuna 2002,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150211051754/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-112996396/kakuru-compromise-candidate-rugunda "Kakuru 'Compromise' Candidate – Rugunda."], '' Africa News Service'', 6 February 2004. via Highbeam</ref> ng'awangula Francis Runumi. Yaddamu okulondebwa mu ofiisi y’emu mu 2006. Mu Gwokusatu 2010, yalekulira okwetaba mu kulonda okwokujjuza ekifo okwa federo okwaliwo mu 2010 mu Rukiga county.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150211043516/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/2558-mbale-fdc-win-maintains-nrm-urban-jinx "Mbale FDC win maintains NRM urban jinx"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211043516/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/2558-mbale-fdc-win-maintains-nrm-urban-jinx|date=11 February 2015}}. ''The Independent''. 2 March 2010</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2010, Kakuru yalondebwa okubeera omukiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’omunaana, ng’akiikirira Rukiga County mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula Jack Sabiiti eyeesimbawo ku lw'ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]].<ref>[http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7769&Itemid= Rukiga by-election: Kakuru pledges to unite, develop Rukiga]</ref><ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/730642 "District winners"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211042312/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/730642|date=11 February 2015}}. ''New Vision''. 2 September 2010</ref> Bwe yali mu Palamenti, yaweereza ku kakiiko ak'enkalakkalira aka Physical Infrastructure n’akakiiko ka committee of Commissions, Statutory Authorities and Government Enterprises. Mu kulonda kw’eggwanga okwa 2011, yawangulwa Jack Sabiiti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=joomlasupport |title=Was the election rigged? |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=12352:was-the-election-rigged |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101035152/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=12352:was-the-election-rigged |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Jack Sabiiti]] * Palamenti ya Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120313104350/http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=416&newsId=742589 Profile Ku mukutu gwa Newvision.co.ug] * [http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695/Opio Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, June 2006]  * [http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/671730/Opio Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, February 2009]  * [https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, May 2011] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100330010849/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/714209 Adison Kakuru akwasizza omumyuka wa ssentebe ofiisi y’e Kabale] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201003290513.html Sisinkana Bannabyabufuzi Baffe-Adison Kakuru] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Abanayuganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] atefsnbgcqmh49pbgi7eyhpak4z9pkc 63481 63477 2026-07-17T19:59:30Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 63481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adison Kakuru''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] nga munnabyabufuzi, musuubuzi, mulimi, era omukugu mu by’obutonde. Ono ye yali omubaka omulonde mu Palamenti akiikirira Rukiga County mu [[Kabale (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kabale]] mu [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omunaana. Era yakola nga ssentebe wa disitulikiti eyalondeddwa mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale (ssentebe wa LC 5), sipiika w’olukiiko lwa disitulikiti e [[Kabale]], era mmemba ku lukiiko lwa disitulikiti y’e Kabale ng’akiikirira eggombolola y'e Rwamucucu. Ono mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuziekya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref>"Rukiga race: Independent candidate gives NRM trouble" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706224502/http://www.independent.co.ug/election-watch/2644-rukiga-race-independentcandidate-gives-nrm-trouble|date=6 July 2015}}. ''The Independent'', 23 March 2010</ref><ref>[http://allafrica.com/thread/comment/main/main/pkey/aans:post:201003260090.html Adison Kakuru Hands Over Kabale Office to Vice-Chairman]</ref> == Ebimukwatako == Kakuru yazaalibwa nga 14 Ogwokuna 1962 mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale.<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=37 Adison Kakuru Was Born in 14 April 1962]</ref> Yasomera ku [[Kigezi College Butobere]] ku ddaala lya O ne [[A level|A]]. Kakuru yafuna diguli esooka mu ssayansi w'[[Forestry|’ebibira]], okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 1990. Era alina diguli eyookubiri mu by’obutonde n’okuddukanya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka okuva mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomera ku kitongole ky’ensi yonna eky’ebyobulimi, e Wageningen, Netherlands.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120317162411/http://www.cbcglobal.org/cbc_pages/Peoples.aspx?PId=294 Profile At Commonwealth Business Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317162411/http://www.cbcglobal.org/cbc_pages/Peoples.aspx?PId=294|date=17 March 2012}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Kakuru yaliko omukungu mu kitongole ekinoonyereza mu kitongole ky’ebibira era ng’omukozi munne mu kitongole kya Gavumenti ya Uganda ekinoonyereza ku bibira ekya Agroforestry Research Network for Africa (AFRENA). Mu kitongole kya Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization, yakolako nga research officer/centre manager mu Forestry Research Institute era yakola ne ku pulojekiti endala.<ref>[http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7769:rukiga-by-elecetion-kakuru-pledges-to-unite-develop-rukiga "RUKIGA BY-ELECTION: Kakuru pledges to unite, develop Rukiga"]. ''The Observer''.</ref> Y'eyali akulira ekifo kya Kabale ki AFRENA. Era yaliko akulira ekitongole ky'ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ekya Africare<ref name="Rwabwogo2007">Mugisha Odrek Rwabwogo (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vQkOAQAAMAAJ Uganda Districts Information Handbook]''. Fountain Publishers. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789970024292|9789970024292]]</bdi>.</ref> wansi wa Africare/ USAID, Pulojekiti eya Title II Food for Peace eyassibwamu ssente eyitibwa Uganda Food Security Initiative. Ng’omukugu mu by’obutonde bw’ensi, Kakuru yakolera mu kitongole kya Regional Center for Services in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, e Nairobi, [[Kenya]] ; ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekinoonyereza ku by’obulimi mu Nairobi; ekitongole ky’ensi yonna eky’amaanyi ga atomu n’ekitongole ky’emmere n’ebyobulimi mu kibuga Viennab ekya [[Austria]] ; ekitongole ky’eggwanga ekinoonyereza ku by’obulimi mu [[Kampala]], Uganda; n’ekibiina ekigatta abantu b’oku nsozi mu nsi yonna mu kibuga Paris ekya Bufalansa. == Ebyobufuzi == Mu Gwokuna 1992, Kakuru yalondebwa okubeera mmemba ku lukiiko lw’eggombolola y’e Kabale, ng’akiikirira Rwamucucu. Ofiisi eno yagirimu okutuusa mu 2002, n’aweereza nga ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyenjigiriza mu disitulikiti n’akakiiko akakola ku by’okufulumya n’obutonde bw’ensi mu disitulikiti. Mu Gwokuna 1998, yalondebwa okubeera sipiika w’olukiiko lwa disitulikiti e Kabale, ekifo kye yalimu okutuusa mu Gwokusatu 2002, ate nga ye ssentebe w’akakiiko k’ebyobusuubuzi aka District Council. Kakuru yafuuka ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y'e Kabale mu Gwokuna 2002,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150211051754/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-112996396/kakuru-compromise-candidate-rugunda "Kakuru 'Compromise' Candidate – Rugunda."], '' Africa News Service'', 6 February 2004. via Highbeam</ref> ng'awangula Francis Runumi. Yaddamu okulondebwa mu ofiisi y’emu mu 2006. Mu Gwokusatu 2010, yalekulira okwetaba mu kulonda okwokujjuza ekifo okwa federo okwaliwo mu 2010 mu Rukiga county.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150211043516/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/2558-mbale-fdc-win-maintains-nrm-urban-jinx "Mbale FDC win maintains NRM urban jinx"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211043516/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/2558-mbale-fdc-win-maintains-nrm-urban-jinx|date=11 February 2015}}. ''The Independent''. 2 March 2010</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2010, Kakuru yalondebwa okubeera omukiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’omunaana, ng’akiikirira Rukiga County mu Disitulikiti y’e Kabale oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula Jack Sabiiti eyeesimbawo ku lw'ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change]].<ref>[http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7769&Itemid= Rukiga by-election: Kakuru pledges to unite, develop Rukiga]</ref><ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/730642 "District winners"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211042312/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/730642|date=11 February 2015}}. ''New Vision''. 2 September 2010</ref> Bwe yali mu Palamenti, yaweereza ku kakiiko ak'enkalakkalira aka Physical Infrastructure n’akakiiko ka committee of Commissions, Statutory Authorities and Government Enterprises. Mu kulonda kw’eggwanga okwa 2011, yawangulwa Jack Sabiiti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=joomlasupport |title=Was the election rigged? |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=12352:was-the-election-rigged |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101035152/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=12352:was-the-election-rigged |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Jack Sabiiti]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120313104350/http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=416&newsId=742589 Profile Ku mukutu gwa Newvision.co.ug] * [http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695/Opio Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, June 2006]  * [http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/671730/Opio Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, February 2009]  * [https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments Olukalala lwa baminisita mu bujjuvu, May 2011] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100330010849/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/714209 Adison Kakuru akwasizza omumyuka wa ssentebe ofiisi y’e Kabale] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201003290513.html Sisinkana Bannabyabufuzi Baffe-Adison Kakuru] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Abanayuganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] jddtkpmb7bk87u16oylx44wt4i2t0af 0 13732 63440 52502 2026-07-17T15:46:36Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63440 wikitext text/x-wiki <references group="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715001656/http://mdd.mak.ac.ug/operational%20structure.html" /> '''Okusomesa ennyimba mu Uganda''' kubadde kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nkola y’okusomesa okuva eggwanga lwe lyafuna obwetwaze mu Gwomwenda wa 1962. Mu kiseera ekyo, [[:en:Ministry_of_Education|minisitule y’ebyenjigiriza]] yafulumya ensoma y’eggwanga okussa omutindo ku bintu ebisomesebwa mu [[:en:State_school|masomero g'olukale]] okwetoloola eggwanga. [[:en:Music|Ennyimba]] n’ebintu ebirala [[:en:Performing_arts|eby’okuyimba]] byassibwa mu pulogulaamu eno. Bangi enzaalwa, [[:en:Education|abasomesa]] ennyimba ez’ekikugu abaali bafunye okutendekebwa mu butongole ebweru [[:en:Uganda|wa Uganda]] be baayambako mu nkulaakulana zino, omuli [[:en:George_Kakoma|George Kakoma]] omuyiiya [[:en:Ugandan_national_anthem|w’oluyimba lw’eggwanga lya Uganda]], <ref>{{cite web |date=2 May 2013 |title=Uganda National Anthem |url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/ug.htm |publisher=}}</ref> Moses Serwadda, Mbabi Katana ne Sennoga Zaake. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2015 |title=Music Education in Uganda |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/music-education-uganda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/ug.htm|title=Uganda|date=2013-05-02|work=nationalanthems.info|access-date=2018-03-15|language=en-US}}</ref> Bano n'abalala baakikkaatiriza nti ennyimba zirina okusomesebwa kubuli mutendera gw'ebyenjigiriza. Mu Gwomunnaana wa 2000, [[:en:Pan_African_Society_for_Music_Education|ekibiina kya Pan African Society for Music Education]] (PASME) kyatandikibwawo mu [[:en:Harare,_Zimbabwe|kibuga Harare ekya Zimbabwe]] ng’ekikiikirira [[:en:International_Society_for_Music_Education|ekibiina ky’ensi yonna ekisomesa ennyimba]] mu [[:en:Africa|Afrika]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PASMAE |url=http://www.pasmae.co.za/About |access-date=2018-03-15 |website=www.pasmae.co.za |archive-date=2018-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313215417/http://www.pasmae.co.za/About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekibiina kino kyakyusa erinnya ne kifuuka [[:en:Pan_African_Society_for_Music_Arts_Education|Pan African Society for Music Arts Education]] (PASMAE) mu lukiiko lwakyo olwa 2001 okukiikirira enkwaatagana y'amazina, ennyimba, ne katemba mu [[:en:African_performing_arts|by'emizannyo mu Afirika]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2015 |title=Pan African Society for Music Arts Education (PASMAE) |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/pan-african-society-music-arts-education-pasmae |access-date=2018-03-15 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref>{{toclimit|3}} == Ensoma y’amasomero ga pulayimale == Enteekateeka empya ey’amasomero ga pulayimale enga ya bitundu bibiri yatondebwawo [[:en:Ministry_of_Education|Ministry of Education]] and [[:en:Sports|Sports]] for [[:en:Performing_Arts|Performing Arts]] and [[:en:Physical_Education|Physical Education]] (PAPE) mu Uganda.<ref name=":0" /> Ekitundu ekisooka eky’omutindo guno omupya kissa essira ku kuyingiza eby’ekikugu ebisingawo ng’ennyimba, amazina, katemba, ebifaananyi, mu [[:en:Education_in_Uganda|nkola z’ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda]].<ref name=":0" /> Mu nsoma eno empya, essira lisinga kussibwa mu kusomesa abayizi ebivuga enzaalwa, ennyimba z’ekinnansi n’amazina g’ekinnansi mu kaweefube w’okukuuma [[:en:Ugandan_culture|obuwangwa bwa Uganda]]. Mu ttaamu eyookubiri ey’omwaka gw’essomero, gavumenti etegeka [[:en:Festivals|ebivvulu]] [[:en:Performing_arts|by’okuyimba]] buli mwaka ku mutendera gwa disitulikiti n’eggwanga ng’ekimu ku bitundu [[:en:Curriculum|by’ensoma]] . Ebivvulu by’ennyimba, amazina ne katemba byolesebwa ku mikolo gino, era abayizi bamala ekitundu ekinene eky’olusoma lw'omwaaka olwo nga babyetegekera. <ref name=":0" /> == Ebitongole == === Makerere University Ekitongole ky'Ennyimba, Amazina ne Katemba === Emisomo egisomesebwa mu kitongole ky’okuyimba, amazina ne katemba (MDD) ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] gyonna gyekuusa ku katale. Zikolebwa okusinziira ku byetaago by’abayizi abanoonya omulimu mu [[:en:Performing_arts|by’okuzannya emizannyo]], awamu n’ebyetaago by’abantu ab’omulembe guno. Okugeza, eri abo abagaba Fine Arts ku A level, emirimu mingi egy’okukola dizayini gikolebwa ku MDD. Kw'abo abaagala ebiwandiiko, okunenya n’okwekenneenya byombi kitundu kikulu nnyo mu pulogulaamu z’okusoma mu Nnyimba, Amazina ne Katemba. Abo abasoma [[:en:History|ebyafaayo]], [[:en:Geography|geography]], [[:en:Divinity|divinity]], [[:en:Economics|economics]], [[:en:Physics|physics]], [[:en:Mathematics|okubala]] oba [[:en:Biology|biology]], basisinkana okusoma logic ne therapy mu pulogulaamu za Music and Dance. Basoma [[:en:Anatomy|anatomy]], [[:en:Acoustics|acoustics]], [[:en:Technical_drawing|drafting]], [[:en:Physiotherapy|physiotherapy]] n'entambula y'omubiri wansi [[:en:Dance|w'amazina]], [[:en:Aesthetics|aesthetics]], [[:en:Social_studies|social studies]], [[:en:Communication|empuliziganya]], [[:en:Management|enzirukanya]] y'emirimu [[:en:Market_studies|n'emisomo gy'obutale]] wansi wa [[:en:Drama|Drama]] . ==== Ebyafaayo ==== Ekitongole kya MDD kyatandika mu 1971 ng'okukyusa mu nsomesa y'emisomo gya katemba egyasomesebwanga mu [[:en:English_department|kitongole ky'Olungereza]] mu [[:en:Faculty_of_Arts|Faculty of Arts]]. Ng’oggyeeko ekyo, [[:en:Ministry_of_Education|minisitule y’ebyenjigiriza]] yalaga obwetaavu [[:en:Music_teacher|bw’abasomesa b’ennyimba]] mu [[:en:Secondary_school|masomero ga siniya]], empeereza gye yalowoozebwa nti ekitongole ekipya esobola okugiwa. Ekitongole kya MDD lye ssomero lyokka ery'okuzannya emizannyo mu [[:en:East_Africa|buvanjuba]], [[:en:Central_Africa|amasekkati]], ne [[:en:Southern_Africa|mumaserengeta ga Afrika]]. Pulogulaamu zaayo ezisinga zikozesa enkola ey’okugatta enkola ez'enjawulo mu by’emizannyo. Enkola eno yekuusa ku embeera y’obuwangwa n’ebyobufuzi abayimbi n’abalabi ba katemba aba Ugangdan mwe bakolera/babeera. ==== Essomero lya Kampala Music School ==== Yaggulwawo mu 2001, oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obulungi ennanga amakumi ana n’ebivuga ebirala eby’enjawulo okuva mu kaweefube w’obwannakyewa eya “ [[:en:Pianos_for_Uganda|Pianos for Uganda]] ”, [[:en:The_Kampala_Music_School|The Kampala Music School]] (KMS) yawa omukisa abayizi baayo okusoma ebika omuli [[:en:Classical_music|classical]] western, [[:en:Jazz|jazz]] ne [[:en:Contemporary_music|contemporary]] and [[:en:Traditional|traditional]] [[:en:Ugandan_music|Ugandan music]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Charity - Pianos for Uganda |url=http://www.pianoshop.co.uk/sites/uganda/ |website=www.pianoshop.co.uk |access-date=2026-05-12 |archive-date=2025-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207132054/http://www.pianoshop.co.uk/sites/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="kampalamusicschool.com">{{cite web |title=Kampala Music School |url=http://kampalamusicschool.com/ |website=Kampala Music School |access-date=2026-05-12 |archive-date=2025-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708204840/https://www.kampalamusicschool.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> KMS ewa abayizi baayo omukisa okukola ebigezo [[:en:The_Associated_Board_of_the_Royal_Schools_of_Music’s_international|by'ensi yonna ebya The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music]] okulaba nga bamanyi omutindo ogwa waggulu ogw'okusomesa ennyimba. <ref name="kampalamusicschool.com" /> <ref>{{cite web |title=ABRSM: Introduction to ABRSM: our mission and team |url=https://us.abrsm.org/en/about-abrsm/introduction-to-abrsm-our-mission-and-team/ |website=us.abrsm.org |access-date=2026-05-12 |archive-date=2017-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710011820/http://us.abrsm.org/en/about-abrsm/introduction-to-abrsm-our-mission-and-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Essomero ly'okuyimba erya ESOM ==== Essomero lya ESOM School of Music lyatandika mu 2006. Essomero lino lisomesa ebivuga omuli ennanga, endongo, endingidi, ebivuga by’empewo, bass, n’engoma. Emisomo gy’okutendeka amaloboozi, yinginiya w’amaloboozi, okukola vidiyo, n’okukola amaloboozi nagyo giweebwa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Courses - Esom School of Music |url=http://esom-music.com/courses |publisher=}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} q2nzknznsc5a3a8t5ofd8e2xiy3y501 0 14953 63548 62041 2026-07-18T11:55:23Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Lokii John Baptist''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo w’ebisolo, [[munnabyabufuzi]] era mmemba wa Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri ng’akiikirira abantu b’omu Ssaza ly’e Matheniko mu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] era akola nga omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ow'ekitundu kye Karamoja. Mu Gwokutaano 2026, yalondebwa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okubeera Minisita [[Minisitule y’ensonga z’e Karamoja (Uganda)|ow'ensonga ze Karamoja]] okuweereza okumala ekisanja 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kazibwe|first=Kenneth|date=2026-06-09|title=Uganda: New Cabinet Members Sworn-in, Set for Orientation At Kyankwanzi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202606090171.html|access-date=2026-06-11|work=Nile Post|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=REPORTER |first=JOSEPH NSIMBI {{!}} UG STANDARD |date=2026-06-09 |title=PHOTOS: Museveni presides over swearing-in ceremony of new cabinet |url=https://www.ugstandard.com/photos-museveni-presides-over-swearing-in-ceremony-of-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=UG Standard - Latest News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu == Dr. Lokii John Baptist akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira abantu b'essaza ly'e Matheniko mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] era akola nga Ex Official ku akakiiko ka Karamoja Peace And Technology University council (KAPATU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Hon. Lokii John Baptist (MP) - KAPATU Project |url=https://kapatu.ac.ug/personnel/hon-lokii-john-baptist-mp/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Y'omu ku baminisita abaakalondebwa okukiikirira ekitundu kya Karamoja nga Minisita mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Ng’omukulembeze, Dr. Lokii y'enyigidde mu nsonga z’abantu b’omukitundu ez’okukukusa abantu mu Karamoja era ayambye okuyingizaamu ab’obuyinza okuli ne [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okukola ku nsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=Gov't tasked to probe sale of Karamojong girls |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/govt-tasked-to-probe-sale-of-karamojong-girls/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Y'ennyingidde mu kusenza abantu b'omu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] ng’ayagala ebiwandiiko n’obukakafu okuva mu [[Minisitule y'emirimu n'entambula (Uganda)|minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula]] mu kaweefube waabwe ow’okutandikawo ettendekero lya [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Gulu University]] constituent college mu Disitulikiti y’e Moroto okuva ettaka lino lwe lyali ery’abantu bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-03-12 |title=Gulu university, ministry of works embroiled in land dispute |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gulu-university-ministry-of-works-embroiled-in-land-dispute/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokii era alondoola pulojekiti za gavumenti nga Parish Development Model mu Karamoja Sub-region okwekenneenya enkola yaayo ey’okweyimirizaawo mu kitundu n’okuwa gavumenti lipoota ku nkulaakulana ya pulogulaamu ng’ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Matheniko-County-MP-John-Baptist-Lokii-has-expressed-worries-over-the-performance-of-Parish-Development-Model-Funds-in-the-drought-struck-Karamoja-sub-region-SV0Ve/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=atekerfm.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Peter Lokeris]] * [[Rose Lilly Akello]] * [[Stella Atyang]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> rqtv941nul5qfe2lkkobrcnmpnn9bbd 63549 63548 2026-07-18T11:57:03Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Bannayuyuganda bannabyabufuzi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Lokii John Baptist''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo w’ebisolo, [[munnabyabufuzi]] era mmemba wa Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri ng’akiikirira abantu b’omu Ssaza ly’e Matheniko mu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] era akola nga omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ow'ekitundu kye Karamoja. Mu Gwokutaano 2026, yalondebwa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okubeera Minisita [[Minisitule y’ensonga z’e Karamoja (Uganda)|ow'ensonga ze Karamoja]] okuweereza okumala ekisanja 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kazibwe|first=Kenneth|date=2026-06-09|title=Uganda: New Cabinet Members Sworn-in, Set for Orientation At Kyankwanzi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202606090171.html|access-date=2026-06-11|work=Nile Post|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=REPORTER |first=JOSEPH NSIMBI {{!}} UG STANDARD |date=2026-06-09 |title=PHOTOS: Museveni presides over swearing-in ceremony of new cabinet |url=https://www.ugstandard.com/photos-museveni-presides-over-swearing-in-ceremony-of-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=UG Standard - Latest News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu == Dr. Lokii John Baptist akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira abantu b'essaza ly'e Matheniko mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] era akola nga Ex Official ku akakiiko ka Karamoja Peace And Technology University council (KAPATU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Hon. Lokii John Baptist (MP) - KAPATU Project |url=https://kapatu.ac.ug/personnel/hon-lokii-john-baptist-mp/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Y'omu ku baminisita abaakalondebwa okukiikirira ekitundu kya Karamoja nga Minisita mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Ng’omukulembeze, Dr. Lokii y'enyigidde mu nsonga z’abantu b’omukitundu ez’okukukusa abantu mu Karamoja era ayambye okuyingizaamu ab’obuyinza okuli ne [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okukola ku nsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=Gov't tasked to probe sale of Karamojong girls |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/govt-tasked-to-probe-sale-of-karamojong-girls/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Y'ennyingidde mu kusenza abantu b'omu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] ng’ayagala ebiwandiiko n’obukakafu okuva mu [[Minisitule y'emirimu n'entambula (Uganda)|minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula]] mu kaweefube waabwe ow’okutandikawo ettendekero lya [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Gulu University]] constituent college mu Disitulikiti y’e Moroto okuva ettaka lino lwe lyali ery’abantu bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-03-12 |title=Gulu university, ministry of works embroiled in land dispute |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gulu-university-ministry-of-works-embroiled-in-land-dispute/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokii era alondoola pulojekiti za gavumenti nga Parish Development Model mu Karamoja Sub-region okwekenneenya enkola yaayo ey’okweyimirizaawo mu kitundu n’okuwa gavumenti lipoota ku nkulaakulana ya pulogulaamu ng’ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Matheniko-County-MP-John-Baptist-Lokii-has-expressed-worries-over-the-performance-of-Parish-Development-Model-Funds-in-the-drought-struck-Karamoja-sub-region-SV0Ve/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=atekerfm.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Peter Lokeris]] * [[Rose Lilly Akello]] * [[Stella Atyang]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannayuyuganda bannabyabufuzi]] lkpn0r6q622ked7oedxd4xtblej5qph 63550 63549 2026-07-18T11:57:53Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Lokii John Baptist''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo w’ebisolo, [[munnabyabufuzi]] era mmemba wa Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri ng’akiikirira abantu b’omu Ssaza ly’e Matheniko mu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] era akola nga omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ow'ekitundu kye Karamoja. Mu Gwokutaano 2026, yalondebwa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okubeera Minisita [[Minisitule y’ensonga z’e Karamoja (Uganda)|ow'ensonga ze Karamoja]] okuweereza okumala ekisanja 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kazibwe|first=Kenneth|date=2026-06-09|title=Uganda: New Cabinet Members Sworn-in, Set for Orientation At Kyankwanzi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202606090171.html|access-date=2026-06-11|work=Nile Post|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=REPORTER |first=JOSEPH NSIMBI {{!}} UG STANDARD |date=2026-06-09 |title=PHOTOS: Museveni presides over swearing-in ceremony of new cabinet |url=https://www.ugstandard.com/photos-museveni-presides-over-swearing-in-ceremony-of-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=UG Standard - Latest News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu == Dr. Lokii John Baptist akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira abantu b'essaza ly'e Matheniko mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] era akola nga Ex Official ku akakiiko ka Karamoja Peace And Technology University council (KAPATU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Hon. Lokii John Baptist (MP) - KAPATU Project |url=https://kapatu.ac.ug/personnel/hon-lokii-john-baptist-mp/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Y'omu ku baminisita abaakalondebwa okukiikirira ekitundu kya Karamoja nga Minisita mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Ng’omukulembeze, Dr. Lokii y'enyigidde mu nsonga z’abantu b’omukitundu ez’okukukusa abantu mu Karamoja era ayambye okuyingizaamu ab’obuyinza okuli ne [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okukola ku nsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=Gov't tasked to probe sale of Karamojong girls |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/govt-tasked-to-probe-sale-of-karamojong-girls/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Y'ennyingidde mu kusenza abantu b'omu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] ng’ayagala ebiwandiiko n’obukakafu okuva mu [[Minisitule y'emirimu n'entambula (Uganda)|minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula]] mu kaweefube waabwe ow’okutandikawo ettendekero lya [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Gulu University]] constituent college mu Disitulikiti y’e Moroto okuva ettaka lino lwe lyali ery’abantu bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-03-12 |title=Gulu university, ministry of works embroiled in land dispute |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gulu-university-ministry-of-works-embroiled-in-land-dispute/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokii era alondoola pulojekiti za gavumenti nga Parish Development Model mu Karamoja Sub-region okwekenneenya enkola yaayo ey’okweyimirizaawo mu kitundu n’okuwa gavumenti lipoota ku nkulaakulana ya pulogulaamu ng’ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Matheniko-County-MP-John-Baptist-Lokii-has-expressed-worries-over-the-performance-of-Parish-Development-Model-Funds-in-the-drought-struck-Karamoja-sub-region-SV0Ve/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=atekerfm.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Peter Lokeris]] * [[Rose Lilly Akello]] * [[Stella Atyang]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannayuyuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] je3bbdd6syybcxy8b3qpzvkzm6epcms 63551 63550 2026-07-18T11:58:35Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Lokii John Baptist''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo w’ebisolo, [[munnabyabufuzi]] era mmemba wa Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri ng’akiikirira abantu b’omu Ssaza ly’e Matheniko mu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] era akola nga omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ow'ekitundu kye Karamoja. Mu Gwokutaano 2026, yalondebwa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okubeera Minisita [[Minisitule y’ensonga z’e Karamoja (Uganda)|ow'ensonga ze Karamoja]] okuweereza okumala ekisanja 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kazibwe|first=Kenneth|date=2026-06-09|title=Uganda: New Cabinet Members Sworn-in, Set for Orientation At Kyankwanzi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202606090171.html|access-date=2026-06-11|work=Nile Post|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=REPORTER |first=JOSEPH NSIMBI {{!}} UG STANDARD |date=2026-06-09 |title=PHOTOS: Museveni presides over swearing-in ceremony of new cabinet |url=https://www.ugstandard.com/photos-museveni-presides-over-swearing-in-ceremony-of-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=UG Standard - Latest News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu == Dr. Lokii John Baptist akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira abantu b'essaza ly'e Matheniko mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] era akola nga Ex Official ku akakiiko ka Karamoja Peace And Technology University council (KAPATU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Hon. Lokii John Baptist (MP) - KAPATU Project |url=https://kapatu.ac.ug/personnel/hon-lokii-john-baptist-mp/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Y'omu ku baminisita abaakalondebwa okukiikirira ekitundu kya Karamoja nga Minisita mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Ng’omukulembeze, Dr. Lokii y'enyigidde mu nsonga z’abantu b’omukitundu ez’okukukusa abantu mu Karamoja era ayambye okuyingizaamu ab’obuyinza okuli ne [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okukola ku nsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=Gov't tasked to probe sale of Karamojong girls |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/govt-tasked-to-probe-sale-of-karamojong-girls/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Y'ennyingidde mu kusenza abantu b'omu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] ng’ayagala ebiwandiiko n’obukakafu okuva mu [[Minisitule y'emirimu n'entambula (Uganda)|minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula]] mu kaweefube waabwe ow’okutandikawo ettendekero lya [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Gulu University]] constituent college mu Disitulikiti y’e Moroto okuva ettaka lino lwe lyali ery’abantu bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-03-12 |title=Gulu university, ministry of works embroiled in land dispute |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gulu-university-ministry-of-works-embroiled-in-land-dispute/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokii era alondoola pulojekiti za gavumenti nga Parish Development Model mu Karamoja Sub-region okwekenneenya enkola yaayo ey’okweyimirizaawo mu kitundu n’okuwa gavumenti lipoota ku nkulaakulana ya pulogulaamu ng’ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Matheniko-County-MP-John-Baptist-Lokii-has-expressed-worries-over-the-performance-of-Parish-Development-Model-Funds-in-the-drought-struck-Karamoja-sub-region-SV0Ve/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=atekerfm.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Peter Lokeris]] * [[Rose Lilly Akello]] * [[Stella Atyang]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannayuyuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] tikdjbgnbwyu14xw2nhyac0yu8wawd2 0 14984 63485 63315 2026-07-17T20:49:44Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 rkiba ekipya 63485 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[Self-coup#Notable events described as attempted self-coups|kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[Peaceful transition of power|okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[Liberal democracy|demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[2026 United States elections|okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[Free and fair election|eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[United States Semiquincentennial|emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[List of countries and dependencies by area|eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Contiguous United States|Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa [[Yellowstone National Park]] mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref> Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] joqkawwdrew1jxyppkve4kyv2d6gh5b 63491 63485 2026-07-17T21:14:41Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 ntaddeyo ekiba ekipya 63491 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[Self-coup#Notable events described as attempted self-coups|kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[Peaceful transition of power|okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[Liberal democracy|demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[2026 United States elections|okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[Free and fair election|eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[United States Semiquincentennial|emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[List of countries and dependencies by area|eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Contiguous United States|Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref> Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fl0friqbwa3xdmq8yk0k6u61s3txjid 0 15046 63446 62716 2026-07-17T16:00:18Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 63446 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Oluguudo lwa Acholibur–Gulu–Olwiyo''' lusangibwa mu kitundu ky’obukiikakkono bwa Uganda, lugatta tawuni ya [[Acholibur]] ku kibuga [[Gulu]] n’ekibuga Olwiyo . == Ekifo == Oluguudo luno lutandikira ku Acholibur, akatawuni akatono akali ku luguudo lwa [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Kitgum]] – Lira, nga kali 19 kilometres (12 mi) mu bukiikaddyo bwa Kitgum. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=16 July 2015 |title=Road Distance Between Kitgum And Acholibur With Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kitgum%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Acholibur%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJM_XljVHlcxcRSWTyNmSthvE&dt2=ChIJx_m5-eJXcRcRYEpD_hc575M |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Oluguudo luno lugenda mu maaso mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba okutuuka e Gulu (omuwendo gw'abantu mu 2014: 152,276), ekibuga ekisingamu abantu abangi mu Northern Region. <ref>{{cite web |last=UBOS |date=27 August 2014 |title=The Population of The Regions of the Republic of Uganda And All Cities And Towns of More Than 15,000 Inhabitants |url=http://citypopulation.de/Uganda-Cities.html |accessdate=16 July 2015 |publisher=Citypopulation.de Quoting [[Uganda Bureau of Statistics]] (UBOS)}}</ref> Oluguudo olwo ne lweyongerayo nga luyita mu Nwoya ne [[Anaka]] okutuuka e Olwiyo mu [[Nwoya (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Nwoya]], olugendo lwa kilometres 150 (93 mi) . <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=16 July 2015 |title=Map Showing Olwiyo And Acholibur With Interactive Route Marker |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Olwiyo%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Acholibur%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJDeFDziQxcBcR1RvAMMa8CkA&dt2=ChIJx_m5-eJXcRcRYEpD_hc575M |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Oluguudo luno lugatta Disitulikits okuli [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Kitgum]], [[Pader (disitulikit)|Pader]], [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Gulu]], ne [[Nwoya (disitulikit)|Nwoya]]. Ensengeka z'oluguudo luno okumpi ne Gulu ku maapu ziri 2°48'24.0"N, 32°19'29.0"E (Latitude:2.806667; Longitude:32.324722). == Okulongoosa okutuuka ku bitumen == Mu 2009, gavumenti ya Uganda yalagira okunoonyereza ku ngeri y’okukolamu n’engeri gyerunalabikamu mu bujjuvu ku luguudo luno n’oluguudo lwa [[:en:Rwekunye–Apac–Aduku–Lira–Kitgum–Musingo_Road|Rwekunye–Apac–Aduku–Lira–Kitgum–Musingo]], zombi mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda. Lipoota zino zafunubwa mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=AICPI |date=April 2013 |title=Feasibility Study, Detailed Engineering Design, Tender Assistance And Project Management for The Upgrading to Bituminous Standards of Lot A: (i) Rwenkunye-Apac-Lira-Kitgum-Musingo (350 km) And (ii) Olwiyo-Gulu-Kitgum (167 km) |url=http://www.aicprogetti.it/en/progetti/strada-rwenkunye-apac-lira-kitgum-musingo-olwiyo-gulu-kitgum |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Aicprogetti.it (AICPI)}}</ref> Nga 21 ogwokubiri mu 2015, okulongoosa okuva ku ngulu okudda ku ngulu kwa bitumen eya kiraasi II era kwalagirwa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] . Omulimu ku gwali ku kilometres 73 (45 mi) okuva e Acholibur okutuuka e Unyama nga gwakwasibwa China Railway No.5 Engineering Group . Oluguudo olukola kilometres 70 (43 mi) ekitundu ky’oluguudo okuva e Unyama okutuuka e Olwiyo kyalongoosebwa kkampuni ya Jiangxi Zhongmei Engineering Construction Company Limited . Omulimu gwali gusuubirwa okumala emyaka esatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Komakech |first=Dan Michael |date=23 February 2015 |title=Museveni launches road works |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Museveni--launches--road--works/-/688334/2632064/-/9cjcp8/-/index.html |access-date=15 July 2015}}</ref> Pulojekiti y’oluguudo etekebwamu ensimbi gavumenti ya Uganda mu bujjuvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rwothungeyo |first=Billy |date=August 2014 |title=Solicitor General clears contracts for 450Km of roads |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=657040&CatID=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716161045/http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=657040&CatID=3 |archive-date=16 July 2015 |access-date=15 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Olukalala lw'enguudo mu Uganda * Ebyenfuna bya Uganda * Ebyentambula mu Uganda == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603212459/https://unra.go.ug/ Ekitongole ky'enguudo mu ggwanga ekya Uganda National Road Authority Homepage] Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150717054529/http://www.carfanz.co.ug/unra-promises-a-better-road-network/ UNRA Esuubizza Omukutu Gw'enguudo Omulungi] [[Category:Enguudo mu Uganda]] [[Category:Disitulikiti y'e Nwoya]] [[Category:Disitulikiti y'e Gulu]] [[Category:Disitulikiti y'e Pder]] [[Category:Ekitundu ky'e Acholi]] [[Category:Enguudo bu kiikakkono bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Ugandan television personalities]] cxlf7m2dvhbxppldzbjhwvua3vs7rky 14 15133 63385 2026-07-17T12:29:17Z Kinenkey 10423 Ntozeewo etuluba lya "Obwakabaka bwa Uganda" 63385 wikitext text/x-wiki Olukalala olulaga Obwakabaka bwa Uganda kz4hespc67xp2v386hie90os2wqe41w 14 15134 63399 2026-07-17T12:54:20Z Kinenkey 10423 Ntozeewo etuluba lya "Bannabyabufuzi abakyala mu Uganda mu kyasa 21" 63399 wikitext text/x-wiki Olukalala lwa Bannabyabufuzi abakyala mu Uganda mu kyasa 21 1yety082fkur7p3hx690un1tkod1apg 14 15135 63400 2026-07-17T12:55:15Z Kinenkey 10423 Ntonzeewo etuluba lya "Abakyala abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda" 63400 wikitext text/x-wiki Olukalala lw' Abakyala abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda schierkgz696h6qdk1tnje6egtt5k2g 14 15136 63401 2026-07-17T12:56:29Z Kinenkey 10423 Ntonzeewo etuluba lya "Abantu okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Isingiro" 63401 wikitext text/x-wiki Olukalala lw'Abantu okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Isingiro a7cmu3wcb8h3hb86s0w7s0a9vkb84gz 14 15137 63402 2026-07-17T12:58:57Z Kinenkey 10423 Ntozeewo etuluba lya "Amazalibwa ga 1962" 63402 wikitext text/x-wiki Olukalala lw'Amazalibwa ga 1962 9tx9eexjix567lqc1yg80w9q19igk0y 14 15138 63404 2026-07-17T13:01:21Z Kinenkey 10423 Ntozeewo etuluba lya "Abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda" 63404 wikitext text/x-wiki Olukalala lw'Abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda qq8f5nvtuw720qd5blj4yjia9ggfud9 14 15139 63405 2026-07-17T13:02:07Z Kinenkey 10423 Ntozeewo etuluba lya "Abakyala abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda" 63405 wikitext text/x-wiki Olukalala lw'Abakyala abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda 680idpe2m36zijo80u62bruy4n9x37q 14 15140 63471 2026-07-17T19:48:25Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 63471 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abazaalibwa mu 1977 5r50rvkw8qajo50ioj7cdmylofslmgn 14 15141 63472 2026-07-17T19:48:50Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 63472 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaafa mu 2024 7yyh0k63is92j6iwp3z8iwyx1ro20yu 14 15142 63473 2026-07-17T19:49:14Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 63473 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bantu abasibuka mu distitulikiti y'e Masindi 0ublzw599lik93l7xibexrcdihbkp65 14 15143 63474 2026-07-17T19:49:44Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 63474 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abali mu ggye ly'Eggwanga erya Uganda People's Defence Force 7xty5wlx0e0yq334hcji6phqojnxv1s