Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7947 63640 61680 2026-07-19T05:16:59Z Tamaledenisvalelian 10136 Created by translating the section "Early life and education" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364898904|Moses Ali]]" 63640 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ali, Moses.jpg|thumb|Ali, Moses.jpg ]] '''Moses Ali''' eyazaalibwa nga 5 ogwokuna 1939 [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] Munnabyabufuzi ate nga Munnamagye eyawummula. <ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2015|first=Gawaya|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|title=General Moses Ali’s Promotion: How Did He Earn The Four Stars?|last=Tegulle|date=31 July 2012|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195651/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ye mumyuka wa Prime Minisita owookubiri era nga y'amyuka akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti mu paalamenti.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/final-cabinet-list-jessica-alupo-new-vice-president-3430616</ref> Yakolako mu [[Kabineti ya Uganda]] nga [[Omumyuka wa Prime minisita owookusatu]] n'omumyuka w'akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti okuva mu Gwokutaano 2011 okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments|title=Comprehensive List of New Cabinet Appointments & Dropped Ministers|date=27 May 2011|access-date=13 February 2015|first=.|last=Uganda State House|publisher=[[Facebook.com]]}}</ref> Yakolako nga Amyuka Prime Minisita asooka okuva mu gwomukaaga 2016 okutuuka mu gwokutaano 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2016|access-date=13 June 2016|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|publisher=Scribd.com|author=Uganda State House}}</ref> Yaliko era abadde [[Mubaka wa paalamenti]] akiikirira East Moyo County mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Adjumani Disitulikiti]] okuva mu 2011.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Moses Ali yazaalibwa mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Adjumani Disitulikiti]], [[Ekitundu kya West Nile]], mu [[Mambuka ga Uganda.]] Yazaalibwa nga 5 ogwokuna 1939.<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> Alina [[Ddiguli mu mateeka (LLB)]], gye yafunira e [[Makerere University]]. Alina ne Di[[ploma mu Legal Practice]], okuva mu [[:en:Law_Development_Center|Law Development Center]] mu [[Kampala]]. Moses Ali alina obumanyirivu okuva mu matendekero g'amagye mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], [[Israel]] ne mu [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> Musajja Musiraamu.<ref>chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsemuwemba.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fnubians-of-east-africa.pdf&clen=2093266&chunk=true</ref> == Emirimu == Ali yeetaba mu [[lutalo lwa Uganda olwaggyako Pulezidenti Milton Obote mu 1971]] ne luleeta [[Idi Amin]] mu ntebe. Yagenda atyo nga akuzibwa mu biseera bya [[Republic ya Uganda eyookubiri]] nga Amin y'afuga eggwanga nga munnamagye ew'effuga bbi. Ali yalondebwa nga [[Minisita w'eby'enfuna,]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> era yakozesa ekifo kye okutegeka obusiraamu. Kino kyamuwangulira ettutumu mu bantu naye ate kyayongera kweraliikiriza Amin,<ref name=":0">[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> nga atya nti Ali agezaako kuzimba buwagizi bwa basiraamu mu by'obufuzi.<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu gwokuna 1978, Pulezidenti yategeka olukiiko mu Kampala, gye yagobera ba Minisita abaali batagondera biragiro bye, nga ba maanyi nnyo oba nga ate tebalina bumanyirivu mu bye bakola. Nga avuunaana [[Minisita w'eby'enfuna]] okukozesa obubi [[Bank of Uganda]] n'okulya enguzi, Amin yakambuwala nnyo mu kwogera kwe era nga yayogerera Ali. Bwe yamanyi nti tasobola kwewolereza, Ali yasalawo alekulire mbagirawo. Yasalawo ave mu Kampala mu kimugunyu mu mmotoka ye n'agenda mu kyalo kyabwe mu kitundu kya West Nile. Bwe yatuukayo, waliwo akabinja k'abatemu ne kamulumba, naye yabawangula nga akozesa emmundu. Ali yakakasa nti okulumbibwa okwo kwali kutegekeddwa komanda wa [[Uganda Army]] [[Yusuf Gowon]], nga ono yali mulabe we wadda.<ref name=":0" /> Amin yamuggyako ebitiibwa bye eby'amagye byonna.<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Enfuga ya Amini bwe yaggwaawo mu lutalo lwa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda–Tanzania War]] mu 1978-1979, Ali yagenda mu buwanganguse mu Southern Sudan, n'afuna obubudamo mu [[Nimule]].<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu myaka gya1980 yakulembera ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] mu kwegugunga okwali kuwakanya okudda kwa gavumenti ya Pulezidenti Milton Obote,<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> n'afuuka omukulu w'olutalo mu Southern Sudan.<ref name=":0">[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Nga akozesa obuyinza bwe n'amaanyi ge, Ali yateesa ne [[Yoweri Museveni]] eyadda mu ntebe nga Pulezidenti mu nkomerero y'olutalo lw'omunsiko mu 1986. Amagye ge gaayingira mu ga Uganda amaggya era [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] n'efuuka [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] era n'alondebwa nga [[Major General.]]<ref name=":0" /> Eky'ava mu maanyi g'ekifo kye yafuna mu gavumenti ya Uganda empya, Ali yafuuka mugagga ate nga bamuwuliriramu.<ref name=":0" /> Ali yalinnya ki kifo ky'[[Amyuka Prime Minisita asooka]] mu gavumenti ya Museveni. Yakola mu paalamenti ya Uganda okuva mu 2001.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> Yaddamu n'akuzibwa nga [[Lieutenant General]] nga 13 gwokusatu 2003,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref>naye yafiirwa ebifo byombi mu paalamenti n'obwa Minisita mu 2006. Mu 2011, nga alina emyaka 72 yaddamu okufuna ekifo kye mu paalamenti era n'aweebwa obuvunaanyizibwa obupya.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka ogwaddako, Ali y'addamu n'akuzibwa ku ddaala lya [[General]] mu Uganda People's Defence Force.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2015|first=Gawaya|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|title=General Moses Ali’s Promotion: How Did He Earn The Four Stars?|last=Tegulle|date=31 July 2012|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195651/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu 2016, bwe yamala okulondebwa mu paalamenti, y'addamu n'alondebwa ku bwa omumyuka wa Prime Minisita asooka ate nga ye Mumyuka w'akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti mu paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2016|access-date=13 June 2016|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|publisher=Scribd.com|author=Uganda State House}}</ref> == Laba == * Cabinet of Uganda * Parliament of Uganda == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Moses Ali yazaalibwa nga 5 April 1939 mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani]], mu disitulikiti y'Atabo mu division y’e Pakele mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani. Yazaalibwa Muhammad Ali ne Veronica Porsche Ali okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-25 |title=Gen Moses Ali: Biography, Family, Health and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/gen-moses-ali-biography-age-health-education-family-and-wife/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Played">{{Cite web |last=Natukunda |first=Carol |date=24 April 2013 |title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> Yatuula ebigezo bya PLE mu [[Erepi Church of Uganda]] mu 1957, era n’afuna satifikeeti mu [[Church of Uganda Junior SS]] mu 1957. Okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1966, yagenda mu [[Old Kampala Secondary School]] okufuna satifikeeti ye mu by’enjigiriza. Yafuna satifikeeti mu kutendeka abaserikale obusirikale mu Yisirayiri . Era yakola satifikeeti mu Paratrooper Instructors Training mu Yisirayiri mu 1969, n’afuna satifikeeti mu Company Commanders Course mu Yisirayiri mu 1972. Mu 2007, yafuna satifikeeti mu by’enjigiriza mu mateeka mu yunivasite y’e Wolverhampton.<ref name=":1" /> Ali yalina diguli ya Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ) okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ne Dipuloma mu by'amateeka okuva mu [[Law Development Centre]] mu [[Kampala]] . Era yalina ebisaanyizo okuva mu matendekero g’amagye ag’enjawulo mu Uganda, Yisirayiri, ne [[Great Britain|Bungereza]].<ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |last=POU |title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani |access-date=13 February 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> Yali Musiraamu. == Ebijuliziddwa ==  {{reflist}} === Ebirlala ebijuliziddwa === * {{cite book|last=Kasozi|first=A.B.K.|editor1=Nakanyike Musisi|editor2=James Mukooza Sejjengo|title=Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|date=1994|location=Montreal; Quebec|url=https://books.google.com/?id=YSa7Wxuw50YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-0-7735-1218-4}}  *  {{cite book|last=Rice|first=Andrew|title=The Teeth May Smile But the Heart Does Not Forget: Murder and Memory in Uganda|date=2009|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-8050-7965-4}} == Ezenyongeza == * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,IRBC,,UGA,3df4beb910,0.html Profile At Unhcr.org] * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html Full Cabinet List, May 2011] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] f96d9rhh38pdq4k9gbnopzp66vra39x 63641 63640 2026-07-19T05:17:53Z Tamaledenisvalelian 10136 Created by translating the section "Early life and education" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364898904|Moses Ali]]" 63641 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ali, Moses.jpg|thumb|Ali, Moses.jpg ]] '''Moses Ali''' eyazaalibwa nga 5 ogwokuna 1939 [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] Munnabyabufuzi ate nga Munnamagye eyawummula. <ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2015|first=Gawaya|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|title=General Moses Ali’s Promotion: How Did He Earn The Four Stars?|last=Tegulle|date=31 July 2012|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195651/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ye mumyuka wa Prime Minisita owookubiri era nga y'amyuka akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti mu paalamenti.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/final-cabinet-list-jessica-alupo-new-vice-president-3430616</ref> Yakolako mu [[Kabineti ya Uganda]] nga [[Omumyuka wa Prime minisita owookusatu]] n'omumyuka w'akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti okuva mu Gwokutaano 2011 okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments|title=Comprehensive List of New Cabinet Appointments & Dropped Ministers|date=27 May 2011|access-date=13 February 2015|first=.|last=Uganda State House|publisher=[[Facebook.com]]}}</ref> Yakolako nga Amyuka Prime Minisita asooka okuva mu gwomukaaga 2016 okutuuka mu gwokutaano 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2016|access-date=13 June 2016|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|publisher=Scribd.com|author=Uganda State House}}</ref> Yaliko era abadde [[Mubaka wa paalamenti]] akiikirira East Moyo County mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Adjumani Disitulikiti]] okuva mu 2011.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Moses Ali yazaalibwa mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Adjumani Disitulikiti]], [[Ekitundu kya West Nile]], mu [[Mambuka ga Uganda.]] Yazaalibwa nga 5 ogwokuna 1939.<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> Alina [[Ddiguli mu mateeka (LLB)]], gye yafunira e [[Makerere University]]. Alina ne Di[[ploma mu Legal Practice]], okuva mu [[:en:Law_Development_Center|Law Development Center]] mu [[Kampala]]. Moses Ali alina obumanyirivu okuva mu matendekero g'amagye mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], [[Israel]] ne mu [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> Musajja Musiraamu.<ref>chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsemuwemba.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fnubians-of-east-africa.pdf&clen=2093266&chunk=true</ref> == Emirimu == Ali yeetaba mu [[lutalo lwa Uganda olwaggyako Pulezidenti Milton Obote mu 1971]] ne luleeta [[Idi Amin]] mu ntebe. Yagenda atyo nga akuzibwa mu biseera bya [[Republic ya Uganda eyookubiri]] nga Amin y'afuga eggwanga nga munnamagye ew'effuga bbi. Ali yalondebwa nga [[Minisita w'eby'enfuna,]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> era yakozesa ekifo kye okutegeka obusiraamu. Kino kyamuwangulira ettutumu mu bantu naye ate kyayongera kweraliikiriza Amin,<ref name=":0">[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> nga atya nti Ali agezaako kuzimba buwagizi bwa basiraamu mu by'obufuzi.<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu gwokuna 1978, Pulezidenti yategeka olukiiko mu Kampala, gye yagobera ba Minisita abaali batagondera biragiro bye, nga ba maanyi nnyo oba nga ate tebalina bumanyirivu mu bye bakola. Nga avuunaana [[Minisita w'eby'enfuna]] okukozesa obubi [[Bank of Uganda]] n'okulya enguzi, Amin yakambuwala nnyo mu kwogera kwe era nga yayogerera Ali. Bwe yamanyi nti tasobola kwewolereza, Ali yasalawo alekulire mbagirawo. Yasalawo ave mu Kampala mu kimugunyu mu mmotoka ye n'agenda mu kyalo kyabwe mu kitundu kya West Nile. Bwe yatuukayo, waliwo akabinja k'abatemu ne kamulumba, naye yabawangula nga akozesa emmundu. Ali yakakasa nti okulumbibwa okwo kwali kutegekeddwa komanda wa [[Uganda Army]] [[Yusuf Gowon]], nga ono yali mulabe we wadda.<ref name=":0" /> Amin yamuggyako ebitiibwa bye eby'amagye byonna.<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Enfuga ya Amini bwe yaggwaawo mu lutalo lwa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda–Tanzania War]] mu 1978-1979, Ali yagenda mu buwanganguse mu Southern Sudan, n'afuna obubudamo mu [[Nimule]].<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu myaka gya1980 yakulembera ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] mu kwegugunga okwali kuwakanya okudda kwa gavumenti ya Pulezidenti Milton Obote,<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> n'afuuka omukulu w'olutalo mu Southern Sudan.<ref name=":0">[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Nga akozesa obuyinza bwe n'amaanyi ge, Ali yateesa ne [[Yoweri Museveni]] eyadda mu ntebe nga Pulezidenti mu nkomerero y'olutalo lw'omunsiko mu 1986. Amagye ge gaayingira mu ga Uganda amaggya era [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] n'efuuka [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] era n'alondebwa nga [[Major General.]]<ref name=":0" /> Eky'ava mu maanyi g'ekifo kye yafuna mu gavumenti ya Uganda empya, Ali yafuuka mugagga ate nga bamuwuliriramu.<ref name=":0" /> Ali yalinnya ki kifo ky'[[Amyuka Prime Minisita asooka]] mu gavumenti ya Museveni. Yakola mu paalamenti ya Uganda okuva mu 2001.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> Yaddamu n'akuzibwa nga [[Lieutenant General]] nga 13 gwokusatu 2003,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref>naye yafiirwa ebifo byombi mu paalamenti n'obwa Minisita mu 2006. Mu 2011, nga alina emyaka 72 yaddamu okufuna ekifo kye mu paalamenti era n'aweebwa obuvunaanyizibwa obupya.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka ogwaddako, Ali y'addamu n'akuzibwa ku ddaala lya [[General]] mu Uganda People's Defence Force.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2015|first=Gawaya|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|title=General Moses Ali’s Promotion: How Did He Earn The Four Stars?|last=Tegulle|date=31 July 2012|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195651/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu 2016, bwe yamala okulondebwa mu paalamenti, y'addamu n'alondebwa ku bwa omumyuka wa Prime Minisita asooka ate nga ye Mumyuka w'akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti mu paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2016|access-date=13 June 2016|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|publisher=Scribd.com|author=Uganda State House}}</ref> == Laba == * Cabinet of Uganda * Parliament of Uganda == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Moses Ali yazaalibwa nga 5 April 1939 mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani]], mu disitulikiti y'Atabo mu division y’e Pakele mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani. Yazaalibwa Muhammad Ali ne Veronica Porsche Ali okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-25 |title=Gen Moses Ali: Biography, Family, Health and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/gen-moses-ali-biography-age-health-education-family-and-wife/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Played">{{Cite web |last=Natukunda |first=Carol |date=24 April 2013 |title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> Yatuula ebigezo bya PLE mu [[Erepi Church of Uganda]] mu 1957, era n’afuna satifikeeti mu [[Church of Uganda Junior SS]] mu 1957. Okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1966, yagenda mu [[Old Kampala Secondary School]] okufuna satifikeeti ye mu by’enjigiriza. Yafuna satifikeeti mu kutendeka abaserikale obusirikale mu Yisirayiri . Era yakola satifikeeti mu Paratrooper Instructors Training mu Yisirayiri mu 1969, n’afuna satifikeeti mu Company Commanders Course mu Yisirayiri mu 1972. Mu 2007, yafuna satifikeeti mu by’enjigiriza mu mateeka mu yunivasite y’e Wolverhampton.<ref name=":1" /> Ali yalina diguli ya Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ) okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ne Dipuloma mu by'amateeka okuva mu [[Law Development Centre]] mu [[Kampala]] . Era yalina ebisaanyizo okuva mu matendekero g’amagye ag’enjawulo mu Uganda, Yisirayiri, ne [[Great Britain|Bungereza]].<ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |last=POU |title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani |access-date=13 February 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> Yali Musiraamu. == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Moses Ali yazaalibwa nga 5 April 1939 mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani]], mu disitulikiti y'Atabo mu division y’e Pakele mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani. Yazaalibwa Muhammad Ali ne Veronica Porsche Ali okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-25 |title=Gen Moses Ali: Biography, Family, Health and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/gen-moses-ali-biography-age-health-education-family-and-wife/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Played">{{Cite web |last=Natukunda |first=Carol |date=24 April 2013 |title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> Yatuula ebigezo bya PLE mu [[Erepi Church of Uganda]] mu 1957, era n’afuna satifikeeti mu [[Church of Uganda Junior SS]] mu 1957. Okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1966, yagenda mu [[Old Kampala Secondary School]] okufuna satifikeeti ye mu by’enjigiriza. Yafuna satifikeeti mu kutendeka abaserikale obusirikale mu Yisirayiri . Era yakola satifikeeti mu Paratrooper Instructors Training mu Yisirayiri mu 1969, n’afuna satifikeeti mu Company Commanders Course mu Yisirayiri mu 1972. Mu 2007, yafuna satifikeeti mu by’enjigiriza mu mateeka mu yunivasite y’e Wolverhampton.<ref name=":1" /> Ali yalina diguli ya Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ) okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ne Dipuloma mu by'amateeka okuva mu [[Law Development Centre]] mu [[Kampala]] . Era yalina ebisaanyizo okuva mu matendekero g’amagye ag’enjawulo mu Uganda, Yisirayiri, ne [[Great Britain|Bungereza]].<ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |last=POU |title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani |access-date=13 February 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> Ali musajja Musiraamu. == Ebijuliziddwa ==  {{reflist}} === Ebirlala ebijuliziddwa === * {{cite book|last=Kasozi|first=A.B.K.|editor1=Nakanyike Musisi|editor2=James Mukooza Sejjengo|title=Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|date=1994|location=Montreal; Quebec|url=https://books.google.com/?id=YSa7Wxuw50YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-0-7735-1218-4}}  *  {{cite book|last=Rice|first=Andrew|title=The Teeth May Smile But the Heart Does Not Forget: Murder and Memory in Uganda|date=2009|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-8050-7965-4}} == Ezenyongeza == * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,IRBC,,UGA,3df4beb910,0.html Profile At Unhcr.org] * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html Full Cabinet List, May 2011] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] f49w9cui5ggpos490wrbkac0czme57g 0 8447 63639 55107 2026-07-19T02:38:09Z Kisakye Jane 9195 nterezezaamu mu kiwandiiko 63639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Lutalo''' (yazaalibwa nga 8 Ogwokusatu 1986), muyimbi wa [[:en:Ugandan|Uganda]], era musanyusa okuva mu [[:en:East_Africa|East Africa]], yatutumuka emyaka kkumi emabega n'oluyimba lwe olw'akyaka olwa Kapapaala mu 2008, nga lw'afulumizibwa okuva mu situdiyo ye eya "Da Hares". Yatandika okulikodinga ennyimba mu 2008 era nga alina ennyimba eziwerako mu mannya ge era n'endala z'ayimbye n'abalala nga [[:en:Eddy_Kenzo|Eddy Kenzo]], [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] ne [[:en:Goodlyfe_Crew|Goodlyfe Crew]], Solid Star.<ref>http://www.sunrise.ug/life-style/201901/david-lutalo-from-brick-maker-to-stardom.html</ref>Lutalo abanyikiddwa mu bawagizi b'ennyimba mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] olw'enneyisa ye, eddoboozi ery'akawoowo, ebimufudde omwagalwa w'abangi mu kyalo ne mu kibuga. Awereddwa ekitiibwa mu bifo ebimu nga omuyimbi wa Uganda ow'omwaka mu 2014.<ref>http://chimpreports.com/behind-the-scenes-david-lutalos-nandikulese-mu-kyalo-video/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141028102649/http://www.davidlutalo.com/</ref> Mu 2013, Lutalo yegatta ku [[:en:Mowzey_Radio|Mowzey Radio]] ne Weasle ab'[[:en:Goodlyfe_Crew|ekibiina kya Goodlyfe]] n'ebafulumya oluyimba lwa Hellena.<ref>http://www.howwe.biz/851/hellena/45/goodlyfe-crew.html</ref> Mu 2014, yayimba oluyimba n'omuyimbi omuto Maro, Mubbi bubi.<ref> David Lutalo </ref><ref>http://www.howwe.biz/456/mubbi-bubbi/108/maro.html</ref> David Lutalo yafulumya vidiyo y'oluyimba lwa "Kabisi Ka Ndagala".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.timesug.com/king-of-love-music-david-lutalo-release-kabisi-ka-ndagala-brand-new-song-2021 |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118131342/https://www.timesug.com/king-of-love-music-david-lutalo-release-kabisi-ka-ndagala-brand-new-song-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://cyclonetimes.com/kabisi-ka-ndagala-kandagala-by-david-lutalo-mp3-download |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2022-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209194530/https://cyclonetimes.com/kabisi-ka-ndagala-kandagala-by-david-lutalo-mp3-download/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://musiclyfer.com/kabisi-ka-ndagala-by-david-lutalo |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2022-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209194132/https://www.musiclyfer.com/kabisi-ka-ndagala-by-david-lutalo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwoluberye 2016, yawangula awaadi y'omuyimbi omusajja asinze n'omuyimbi w'omwaka ku mukolo gwa HiPipo Music Awards.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1415974/hipipo-awards-david-lutalo-named-artist</ref> [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == [[File:Daudi Lutalo.jpg|left|thumb|david lutalo]] David Lutalo, yazaalibwa Luggya Robinson (kitaawe) ne Mastula Nassazi (maamawe) Disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Luweero_District|Luweero]] era nga amanyikiddwa olw'okuyimba mu lulimi [[:en:Luganda|Oluganda]], [[:en:Swahili_language|olulimi Oluswayiri]] n'akatonotono mu [[:en:English_Language|lulimi Olungereza]]. Yasomera ku masomero agawerako nga Kikunyu Primary school, Balitta Lwogi Primary School gy'eyakolera ebigezo bye eby'akamalirizo ebya Primary Leaving Examination (PLE), oluvanyuma yegatta ku Kasana Town Academy Luwero mu misomo gye egya siniya ey'okuna nga yafuna satifikeeti ya Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE), era oluvanyuma David yagenda ku Busisa Grammar mu misomo gye egy'omutendera gwa A-Level gyeyakomya mu makatti era n'ava mu somero nga tamaliriza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.ugandanz.com/david-lutalos-journey-from-a-porter-to-a-celebrated-musician/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2023-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711161611/https://ugandanz.com/david-lutalos-journey-from-a-porter-to-a-celebrated-musician/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://flashugnews.com/who-is-david-lutalo-biography-age-family-and-music/</ref><ref>https://theguptareport.blogspot.com/2018/02/who-is-david-lutalo.html</ref><ref>https://mdundo.com/news/21331</ref> == Ennyimba ze y'ayimba == * Kapaapala * Gyetugenda * Yamba * Magumba * Manya * I love you * Pretty * So Nice * Kwasa * Eat zote * Mile * Akantu * Nakusiima * Onsanula * Tugende * Ensi * Silivia * Awo * Tokutula * Am in Love * Kabisi Ka Ndagala * Mboona * Yankutudde <ref name="lutalo">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.jukebo.com/david-lutalo/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2017-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713210827/http://www.jukebo.com/david-lutalo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == '''Laba ne''' == * [[:en:List_of_Ugandan_musicians|Olukalala lw'abayimbi ba Uganda]] == '''Ebijulizidwa''' == {{DEFAULTSORT:Lutalo, David}}<references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abayimbi abasajja]] e6i4ial85c7se0pi0rvgw2e7drho5s3 0 11914 63577 61521 2026-07-18T14:01:19Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 63577 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'emu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] . Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu Local Governance and Human Rights okuva okuva ku [[:en:Uganda_Martyrs_University|Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi]] mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu mu 2020. Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina. Yalekulira mu kibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP gye yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] rvm95monfhr6ee981y6d38j3j8coen2 63578 63577 2026-07-18T14:04:01Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 63578 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'emu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] . Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu Local Governance and Human Rights okuva okuva ku [[:en:Uganda_Martyrs_University|Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi]] mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu mu 2020. Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina. Yalekulira mu kibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP gye yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * Paalamenti ya Uganda. * National Resistance Movement. * Isaac Modoi. * Bududa Disitulikiti. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] konm4rpa704lnrgatc1rl50xis05zr2 63579 63578 2026-07-18T14:05:04Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebiyungo 63579 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'emu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] . Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu Local Governance and Human Rights okuva okuva ku [[:en:Uganda_Martyrs_University|Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi]] mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu mu 2020. Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina. Yalekulira mu kibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP gye yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] my1713tlov557jgt0mfpr4po6fbfopq 63580 63579 2026-07-18T14:11:00Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63580 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] . Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina. Yalekulira mu kibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP gye yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] gbsxiko5uzl9j73qem49wbczk50yxdi 63581 63580 2026-07-18T14:14:46Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63581 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] . Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira mu kibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP gye yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 9wgymoa8pkfcmonchvx4u5oi4rjcvlm 63582 63581 2026-07-18T14:17:59Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63582 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssenti|first=Peter|date=2022-03-31|title=Grief as John Baptist Nambeshe’s father succumbs to cancer|url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2022/03/grief-as-john-baptist-nambeshes-father-succumbs-to-cancer.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira ekibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=MP Nambeshe says he has bowed out of NRM Party |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-nambeshe-says-he-has-bowed-out-of-nrm-party/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirabo |first=Jonah |title=NRM MPs Patrick Nsamba, Nambeshe officially unveiled in Bobi Wine's NUP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/81853/nrm-mps-patrick-nsamba-nambeshe-officially-unveiled-in-bobi-wines-nup |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Five legislators join NUP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/five-legislators-join-nup/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] n2n466r94nkzqeqs4xtagv2uabhtyag 63583 63582 2026-07-18T14:18:29Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63583 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssenti|first=Peter|date=2022-03-31|title=Grief as John Baptist Nambeshe’s father succumbs to cancer|url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2022/03/grief-as-john-baptist-nambeshes-father-succumbs-to-cancer.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira ekibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=MP Nambeshe says he has bowed out of NRM Party |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-nambeshe-says-he-has-bowed-out-of-nrm-party/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirabo |first=Jonah |title=NRM MPs Patrick Nsamba, Nambeshe officially unveiled in Bobi Wine's NUP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/81853/nrm-mps-patrick-nsamba-nambeshe-officially-unveiled-in-bobi-wines-nup |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Five legislators join NUP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/five-legislators-join-nup/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] mhds1o2f4fl0apz4eza3yis80buiuyu 63584 63583 2026-07-18T14:19:31Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63584 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssenti|first=Peter|date=2022-03-31|title=Grief as John Baptist Nambeshe’s father succumbs to cancer|url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2022/03/grief-as-john-baptist-nambeshes-father-succumbs-to-cancer.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira ekibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=MP Nambeshe says he has bowed out of NRM Party |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-nambeshe-says-he-has-bowed-out-of-nrm-party/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirabo |first=Jonah |title=NRM MPs Patrick Nsamba, Nambeshe officially unveiled in Bobi Wine's NUP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/81853/nrm-mps-patrick-nsamba-nambeshe-officially-unveiled-in-bobi-wines-nup |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Five legislators join NUP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/five-legislators-join-nup/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] g7v6qc9t1ew6zgr92y7mudqvrloqre5 63586 63584 2026-07-18T14:21:39Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Abantu abasibuka e Bududa]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63586 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssenti|first=Peter|date=2022-03-31|title=Grief as John Baptist Nambeshe’s father succumbs to cancer|url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2022/03/grief-as-john-baptist-nambeshes-father-succumbs-to-cancer.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira ekibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=MP Nambeshe says he has bowed out of NRM Party |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-nambeshe-says-he-has-bowed-out-of-nrm-party/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirabo |first=Jonah |title=NRM MPs Patrick Nsamba, Nambeshe officially unveiled in Bobi Wine's NUP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/81853/nrm-mps-patrick-nsamba-nambeshe-officially-unveiled-in-bobi-wines-nup |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Five legislators join NUP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/five-legislators-join-nup/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka e Bududa]] jws2fqp24tyakwfla42c5yibzictgcv 63588 63586 2026-07-18T14:23:23Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Uganda Martyrs University]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63588 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssenti|first=Peter|date=2022-03-31|title=Grief as John Baptist Nambeshe’s father succumbs to cancer|url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2022/03/grief-as-john-baptist-nambeshes-father-succumbs-to-cancer.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira ekibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=MP Nambeshe says he has bowed out of NRM Party |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-nambeshe-says-he-has-bowed-out-of-nrm-party/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirabo |first=Jonah |title=NRM MPs Patrick Nsamba, Nambeshe officially unveiled in Bobi Wine's NUP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/81853/nrm-mps-patrick-nsamba-nambeshe-officially-unveiled-in-bobi-wines-nup |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Five legislators join NUP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/five-legislators-join-nup/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka e Bududa]] [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Uganda Martyrs University]] dg10odxwu5or7k8u1du014nzy1vqfdt 63589 63588 2026-07-18T14:23:59Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Abantu abaazalibwa mu 1965]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63589 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssenti|first=Peter|date=2022-03-31|title=Grief as John Baptist Nambeshe’s father succumbs to cancer|url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2022/03/grief-as-john-baptist-nambeshes-father-succumbs-to-cancer.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira ekibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=MP Nambeshe says he has bowed out of NRM Party |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-nambeshe-says-he-has-bowed-out-of-nrm-party/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirabo |first=Jonah |title=NRM MPs Patrick Nsamba, Nambeshe officially unveiled in Bobi Wine's NUP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/81853/nrm-mps-patrick-nsamba-nambeshe-officially-unveiled-in-bobi-wines-nup |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Five legislators join NUP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/five-legislators-join-nup/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka e Bududa]] [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Uganda Martyrs University]] [[Category:Abantu abaazalibwa mu 1965]] 0pufswr3psitejt7tjng7o3qy22gjn0 63592 63589 2026-07-18T14:32:17Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Added Databox 63592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Baptist Nambeshe''' yazaalibwa 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mmemba mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumineemu okuva mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa mu kiseera kino akola nga nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti. Ono mmemba mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP) era omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino mu kitundu ky'e Buvanjuba.<ref name=":0">https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nambeshejohnbaptist/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98835</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-declares-national-fasting-and-prayer-day-as-museveni-swears-in/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Nambeshe yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwekkuminogumu 1965 mu Ssaza ly'e Manjiya mu [[:en:Bududa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssenti|first=Peter|date=2022-03-31|title=Grief as John Baptist Nambeshe’s father succumbs to cancer|url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2022/03/grief-as-john-baptist-nambeshes-father-succumbs-to-cancer.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=PML Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomera ku Shikhuyu Primary School gye yafunira satifikeeti ye eyasooka eya First School Leaving Certificate mu 1982 nga tannafuna O'Level okuva mu Bulucheke SS (1986) ne A'Level okuva mu Nabumali High School mu 1989. Yafuna dipulooma mu mirimu gya gavumenti n'eddembe ly'obuntu eya Diploma in Local Governance and Human Rights okuva ku yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs Nkozi mu 2012 ne diguli ya Arts in local Governance and Human Rights mu 2014 okuva ku Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi. Oluvannyuma Nambeshe y'egatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa diguli ey'okubiri mu by’enteekateeka n’okuddukanya emirimu eya Master of Arts in Social Sector Planning and Management mu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> Nambeshe yakola ng'omusomesa mu Bududa SS okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1990, era nga ye mutendeke wa laboratory mu Jinja College wakati wa 1993 ne 1999.<ref>https://flashugnews.com/john-baptist-nambeshe-biography-education/</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Nambeshe yayingira eby'obufuzi mu 2006 bwe yavuganya n’alondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC3 ku Bududa Town Council mu 2006. Mu 2011, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssentebe wa LC5 mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa Local Government. Mu 2016, yalondebwa ku Paalamenti ya Uganda ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] era n’aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna by’eggwanga n’ebyobugagga eby’omu ttaka mu Paalamenti. Ono y’omu ku babaka ba NRM abaawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy’omukulembeze w’eggwanga mu 2017 nga bajeemera ekiragiro ky’ekibiina okuwagira eky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka kisobozese Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okweyongerayo nga Pulezidenti. Yavumirirwa nnyo omukungu w’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nambeshe Threatens to Quit NRM : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-rebel-mp-threatens-to-quit-party |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafabi |first=David |date=2020-11-10 |title=NRM plotting for MP Nambeshe’s downfall |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/11/nrm-plotting-for-mp-nambeshes-down-fall.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalekulira ekibiina kya NRM okwegatta ku kibiina ekyali kitondeddwawo ekya NUP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=MP Nambeshe says he has bowed out of NRM Party |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-nambeshe-says-he-has-bowed-out-of-nrm-party/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirabo |first=Jonah |title=NRM MPs Patrick Nsamba, Nambeshe officially unveiled in Bobi Wine's NUP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/81853/nrm-mps-patrick-nsamba-nambeshe-officially-unveiled-in-bobi-wines-nup |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Five legislators join NUP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/five-legislators-join-nup/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kino, mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda era yaweerezaako nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina okumala wiiki ssatu mu 2020 Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu omukulembeze w’ekibiina bwe yali atambuddemu okugenda mu Amerika ku mirimu emitongole.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/21/bobi-wine-hands-over-office-to-nambeshe-as-he-flies-out-of-country/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nup-faults-govt-over-poor-handling-of-covid-19-relief-cash/</ref> Nambeshe yavuganya n'awangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Manjiya mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa ku tikiti ya NUP mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021.<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/15/muntu-endorses-nups-nambeshe-in-bududa-calls-for-unity-among-change-seeking-forces/</ref> Yalondebwa ku bwa Nnampala w'oludda oluvuganya oluvannyuma lw'ekibiina kye okuvaayo ng'ekibiina ekinene eky'oludda oluvuganya mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumin'emu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opposition-chief-whip-nambeshe-involved-in-horrible-accident-3519722</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement.]] * [[Isaac Madoi|Isaac Modoi]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Bududa Disitulikiti]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambeshe, John}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka e Bududa]] [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Uganda Martyrs University]] [[Category:Abantu abaazalibwa mu 1965]] q4e7o8q9xg3oo58xvw4y8nx3rmys6dr 0 12143 63609 42458 2026-07-18T18:12:49Z Musuuza 11013 ntereezezza mu mpandiika 63609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)''' kitongole ekyatandikibwawo mu ggwanga okuyambako mu kuweereza n'okudduukirira abalwadde ba [[:en:HIV|siriimu]] n'abalina akawuka akaleeta [[Siriimu|mukenenya]], ekyawandiisibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] wabula nga [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|si kitongole kya gavumenti]]. Ky'ekyatandikawo wabula nga si kya mu bantu mu kudduukirira abalwadde b'Akawuka akaleeta mukenenya n'Obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. TASO kibiina kya ba memba abasoba mu 4,000 nga bawandiise. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matovu |first=Sylvia |title=The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) |url=http://www.tasouganda.org/ |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=www.tasouganda.org}}</ref> == Enkola y'emirimu == TASO yatandikibwaawo mu 1987 ekibinja ky’abasawo abaali balabye engeri abalwadde abalaga obubonero bw’obulwadde bwa Siriimu gyebaali bajjanjabirwaamu obubi mu waadi z’eddwaliro ly’e [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Mulago]] mu Kampala. Mu kusooka, kyali kibinja kitono eky'abantu abaali basisinkana mu butongole okwogera ku siriimu n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}</ref>: olupapula 33 era n’okukula okufuuka ekitongole. Kyafuuka ekimu ku [[:en:HIV/AIDS_in_Uganda|bitongole ebikulu ebirabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu Uganda.]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba |first=Joseph |last2=Neema |first2=S. |last3=Byamugisha |first3=R. |last4=Tylleskär |first4=T. |last5=Tumwine |first5=J. K. |last6=Heggenhougen |first6=H. K. |year=2012 |title="Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth". pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in Eastern Uganda |url=http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/articles/view/17429 |journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society |volume=15 |issue=2 |doi=10.7448/ias.15.2.17429 |pmc=3494159 |pmid=22905360 |access-date=13 May 2014 |article-number=17429}}{{dead link|date=May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=29 October 2004 |title=The Second Philly Lutaaya Memorial Lecture |publisher=Quality Chemicals Ltd. |page=8}}</ref> TASO bwe yatandika, Uganda yali edda engulu okuva mu lutalo olwaleeta gavumenti eriwo mu buyinza kati. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Glen |date=January 1992 |title=From Fear to Hope. AIDS care and Prevention at Chikankata Hospital, Zambia |publisher=Strategies for Hope |isbn=1-872502-14-8 |edition=Revised |page=3}}</ref> TASO yatandikibwawo okubudaabuda abalwadde abaali basosolwa ab'oluganda lwabwe, noluusi ne basuulibwa okufiira mu kibangirizi ky’eddwaliro. <ref name="Curriculum">{{Cite book |last=TASO |date=1995 |title=Curriculum for HIV/AIDS Counselors |publisher=TASO (U) Ltd. |edition=3rd}}</ref> :  olupapula ii <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : empapula 32–33  Omuwendo gw’abantu abajja okubudaabudibwa mu kibinja kino ekitono bwe gweyongera, okubudaabudibwa kw'agenda kuwera okubudabudibwa kwafuuka kwa bwetaaze okukuuma abo abanoonya okubudaabudibwa. <ref name="Curriculum" /> : omuko ii  Mu 2008, TASO yali ekuze n’efuuka ekimu ku bitongole ebisinga obunene ekyatandikibwaawo mu Uganda, nga kiyamba n'okulabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalinwa akawuka akaleeta mukenenya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Susan Kabarwani |year=2008 |title=HIV/AIDS in Uganda |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130028/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=4 March 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa Christopher Kaleeba, omukugu mu by’okukuba ebifaananyi by'omubiri munda, okukeberebwa n’azuulibwa ng’alina akawuka akaleeta siriimu yayita nga mu kuswaluka [[:en:Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS|n’okusosolwa]] bakozi banne mu [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Ddwaaliro ly'e Mulago]], yawa mukyala we ( [[Noerine Kaleeba]] ) ne mikwano gye amagezi okutekawo ekibiina ekiwagira abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu n’abakoseddwa nga bali mu ddwaaliro munda. <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> Akabinja k;abantu akatono nga kalimu abakozi b’eby'obulamu n’abalwadde abamu, baweebwa ekisenge ekimu gyebajanjabira obulwadde bwa Poliyo mu ddwaaliro ly'e Mulago gye baatandikira okuwa obujjanjabi eri abalwadde abaali tebasula mu ddwaliro wabula nga bava bweru nga kidukanyizibwa Elly Katabira ng’eddwaliro erijanjaba obulwadde bwa mukenenya. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}</ref> : olupapula 122  Mu 1989, TASO yakyaza [[Philly Bongole Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], omuyimbi omumanyifu, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abalwadde abalina mukenenya, era nga ye muntu eyasooka okuvaayo mulwaatu n'alangirira nga bweyali alina obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. Oluyimba lwe '<nowiki/>''Alone''' lwatwalibwa ng’oluyimba lw'ekitongole kya TASO nga kw’otadde n’ebibiina ebirala bingi ebiyamba mukulwanyisa mukenenya mu Uganda n'okulabirira abalina obulwadde buno, nga kwekuli n’amawanga amalala mangi. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |year=2000 |title=Open Secret. People facing up to HIV and AIDS in Uganda |last2=Joyce Namulondo Kadowe |last3=Daniel Kalinaki |last4=Glen Williams |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-55-5 |editor-last=Glen Williams |location=Oxford |pages=24–25}}</ref> <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : olupapula 63 Nga bagoberera eky'okulabirako kya Philly Lutaaya, bakasitoma abaali n’ekitone ky’okuyimba, okuzina amazina n'okuzannya katemba, baatandika okuyimba mu bitundu eby'etolodde eggwanga okumannyisa ku bulwadde bwa siriimu n'akawuka ka mukenenya. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}</ref> : olupapula 31 Enkozesa y’ennyimba, amazina ne katemba yakopebwa mu bifo bya TASO eby'enjawulo byonna era n’ekifuuka ekintu ekikulu eky’okukunga abantu n’okubamannyisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TASO Centers |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rna_m3dwZw |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 1993, TASO yali egaziye okuva ku disitulikiti emu okutuuka ku disitulikiti musanvu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |date=1995 |title=TASO Uganda. The Inside Story. Participatory evaluation of HIV/AIDS counseling, medical and social services 1993-1994 |publisher=TASO, WHO |page=viii |hdl=10665/61142 |quote=Countless organisations and programmes have already been inspired by the effective model offered by TASO. Dr. M.H. Merson. Executive Director. WHO Global Programme on AIDS}}</ref> == Beekolagana nabo == Nga bali wamu n’ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa [[:en:Traditional_and_Modern_Health_Practitioners_Together_against_AIDS|Traditional and modern Health practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA)]], TASO yatandikawo enkolagana n’abasawo b’ekinaansi mu 1992 okubawa obukugu bw'omusingi mu kubudaabuda wamu n’okumanya ebikwata ku bulwadde bwa siriimu. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : olupapula 164  Okuva mu Gwekumiu 1999 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yakolagana n’ekibiina ky’Abakyala abalina Akawuka ka Siriimu mu ggwanga okuddukanya pulojekiti y’Okuwona Abaana. Pulojekiti eno yamala ddoola 1,000,000 era yayamba abaana 435 okutumbuUla obukugu bwaabwe mu kusoma n’okuwandiika n’okufuna obukugu obwetaagisa okusobola okuwangaala. <ref name="Children">{{Cite book |date=September 2003 |title=USAID Project Profiles: Children Affected by HIV/AIDS |publisher=US Agency for International Development}}</ref> : olupapula 74  Okuva mu Gwekumi 2000 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yasa mu nkola enkola y’okutendekebwa mu by’emikono eri abaana abeetaaga okuyambibwaako. Yamala ddoola 926,355, ng’abaana 832 beebaaganyulwaamu nga bayita mu kutendekebwa n'abakugu. <ref name="Children" /> : olupapula 75  Okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, TASO yakolagana n’ekitongole ky'Eggwanga Ekikola mu Kunoonyerea ku by'Obulimu mu Uganda okusa mu nkola pulojekiti y'obwekwerinda mu By'emere . Nga bayita munkolagana eno, ebibiina byombi byasobola okukola ku nsonga ezikwata ku bbula ly’emmere mu maka g'omubyalo mu Uganda naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Tororo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO nayo ekwataganye n’amagye agali mu yunifoomu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakabugo |first=Goretti |date=8 April 2013 |title=Gunning down new infections and scaling up HIV prevention. A case study of the Uganda Uniformed forces in collaboration with TASO Uganda. |url=http://www.slideshare.net/RegionalAIDSTraining/goretti-nakabugo-taso-uganda?v=default&b=&from_search=1 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=RATN}}</ref> Enteekateeka ya TASO eya 2013 okutuuka 2017 yayita okuvugiriza okusingawo okuva mu ggwanga n'ensi yonna okulabirira obuwereza obwekuusa kunsonga z'Obulwadde bwa siriimu mu Uganda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO yakolagana n'Ekitongole Ekivinaanyizibwa ku By'okugaba Emere mu Nsi yonna okuwa bakasitoma baayo emere. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO era yakitegeera nti bakasitoma baali beetaaga ensibuko y’okweyimirizaawo era, n’olwekyo, yakolagana ne Pulojekiti y’Enkoko okuwa enkoko eri famire wamu n’ebisolo ebirala ng’embizzi ng’ensibuko evaamu ssente egivaamu ssente. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|title=congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140310093238/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|archive-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> == Empeereza == === Eby'obusawo === * Enteekateeka y'ekizaala gumba <ref>{{Cite book |last=Birungi |first=Harriet |date=July 2008 |title=Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |last2=Mugisha |first2=John Frank |last3=Nyombi |first3=Juliana |last4=Obare |first4=Francis |last5=Evelia |first5=Humphres |last6=Nyinkavu |first6=Hannington |publisher=United States Agency for International Development; Ford Foundation; The AIDS Support Organisation; Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Population Council |page=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725061837/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |archive-date=July 25, 2009}}</ref> * Empeereza y'okulabirira awaka <ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Transformer|date=2006|publisher=The Presidential Transformers Award 2006|location=Kampala, Uganda|page=37|edition=Special|type=Magazine}}</ref> * Okubudaabudibwa abalwadde b'akawuuka akaleeta mukeneya ** Okubuulirira nokukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu mu maka ** Okubudaabudibwa nga tebannaba kugezesebwa n’oluvannyuma lw’okukeberebwa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba J. |display-authors=etal |date=24 May 2013 |title=Pregnant women's experiences of routine counseling and testing for HIV in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study |journal=BMC Health Services Research |page=13}}</ref> * Okukulaakulanya obusobozi ** Obujjanjabi bwa TASO obw’okubunyisa amawulire bwaggyibwawo mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’ensimbi okuva mu kitongole kya USAID okukendeera. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birungi |first=Sandra |title=TASO faces closure as it closes its outreach clinics |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130026/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> ** Mu 2013, TASO yatandikawo empeereza mu kujjanjaba n’okuzuula yinfenkisoni endala eziweebwa omukisa nga kookolo w’omumwa gwa nabaana n’akafuba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, TASO yagaziya ku mpeereza yaayo n’eyingizaamu [[:en:Circumcision_and_HIV|okukomolebwa kw’abasajja.]] * Empeereza y’Abavubuka * Empeereza eyamba abavubuka * Okutangira akawuka ka siriimu ** TASO ewagidde kaweefube w’okulwanyisa obusosoze mu bafumbo okwongera okukozesa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi Stephen |year=2012 |title=Stigma hinders couples with HIV and AIDS in rural Uganda from accessing services |url=http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125958/http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=Exchange |pages=8–9}}</ref> * Ekitundu ky’emmere n’endya * Okunoonyereza ** TASO ebadde yeenyigira mu nteekateeka z’omukitundu eziwerako wamu n’okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi obukwata ku siriimu n’okugezesa eddagala. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : omuko xiv  ** TASO ekwataganye ne Yunivasite y’e Ottawa ku kunoonyereza ku nsimbi entonotono, okugezesebwa mu malwaliro, n’enyingiza ya bakasitoma abalina akawuka ka siriimu mu Afrika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bakanda |first=Celestin |last2=Birungi |first2=Josephine |last3=Nkoyooyo |first3=Abdallah |last4=Featherstone |first4=Amber |last5=Cooper |first5=Curtis L. |last6=Hogg |first6=Robert S. |last7=Mills |first7=Edward J. |date=7 March 2011 |title=Cohort Profile: The TASO-CAN Cohort Collaboration |url=http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/06/ije.dyr033 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=946–950 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyr033 |issn=0300-5771 |pmid=21382975 |access-date=7 May 2015 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa mu kunoonyereza ** ''Good Adherence to HAART and improved survival in a community HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme: the experience of The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) Kampala, Uganda.''. Yafulumizibwa nga 20 Ogwekuminoogumu 2008 aba BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:241. doi:10 1186/1472-6963/8/241. Abaasa M. Andrew ne banne. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Good+Adherence+to+HAART+and+improved+survival+in+a+community+HIV%2FAIDS+treatment+and+care+programme%3A+the+experience+of+The+AIDS+Support+Organisation+(TASO)] ** ''Reliability of scored patient generated subjective global assessment for nutritional status among HIV infected adults in TASO, Kampala. Published 2011''. Yafulumizibwa 2011 ekitongole aba African Health Sciences 2011; 11(S1): S86 - S92. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Reliability+of+scored+patient+generated+subjective+global+assessment+for+nutritional+status+among+HIV+infected+adults+in+TASO%2C+Kampala] == Ebifo bya TASO == TASO etaddewo ebifo 12 okwetoloola eggwanga. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlen_Williams2007">Glen Williams, ed. (2007). ''UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO''. Strategies for Hope Trust. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-905746-06-4|<bdi>978-1-905746-06-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> # Mulago (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 1987) # Masaka (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokutaano 1988) # Ekifo ekitendeka abantu ekya TASO (kyatandikibwawo mu Ogwekumi 1988) # Tororo (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1988) # Mbarara (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 1989) # Mbale (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1990) # Jinja (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1991) # Entebbe (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1991) # Gulu (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2004) # Rukungiri (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Soroti (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Masindi (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2005) == Pulojekiti ezikolebwa == === Eziri munkola === * Ekitongole ekiddukanya ensimbi z’obuyambi * SCALAP - Karamoja, === Ezaakomekerera === * TEACH - (Yatandika mu 2005, okuwagira ebikolebwa okudukirira abalwadde ba Siriimu mu bitundu ebisinganibwa mu Bukiika ddyo bw'eddungu lya Sub Saharan mu Afrika okuzimba obusobozi bwabwe mu kuwa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi |first=Stephen |title=TASO Experiential Attachment to Combat HIV/AIDS (TEACH) |url=http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114135354/http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=HIV Capacity Forum}}</ref> * SCOT * REACH U * PrEP * OKUBEEZAWO * Nu-Hites == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist|2}} == Okweyongerayo mu kusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Benjamin |date=2009 |title=AIDS: The Biological Basis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evvOx38N1REC&q=aids |publisher=Malloy Inc. |isbn=978-0-7637-6324-4 |edition=5th |access-date=7 May 2015}} * {{Cite book |year=1995 |title=Facts about HIV infection and disease |publisher=TASO Uganda |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Janie Hampton |year=1991 |title=Living Positively with AIDS |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-13-X |edition=Revised}} * {{Cite book |date=1991 |title=Living with AIDS in the Community. A book to help people make the best of Life |publisher=World Health Organization |hdl=10665/58366 |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Katherine Coon |year=2007 |title=Transcending Boundaries to improve the food security of HIV - affected households in Rural Uganda: A Case Study |last2=Jessica Ogden |last3=John Odolon |last4=Anthony Obudi-Owor |last5=Charles Otim |last6=James Byakigga |last7=Peter Ssebbanja |publisher=Population Council}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t2xxax57ukf868acfmyfuh04ah3ovjo 63610 63609 2026-07-18T18:14:03Z Musuuza 11013 ngasseeko Databox 63610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)''' kitongole ekyatandikibwawo mu ggwanga okuyambako mu kuweereza n'okudduukirira abalwadde ba [[:en:HIV|siriimu]] n'abalina akawuka akaleeta [[Siriimu|mukenenya]], ekyawandiisibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] wabula nga [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|si kitongole kya gavumenti]]. Ky'ekyatandikawo wabula nga si kya mu bantu mu kudduukirira abalwadde b'Akawuka akaleeta mukenenya n'Obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. TASO kibiina kya ba memba abasoba mu 4,000 nga bawandiise. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matovu |first=Sylvia |title=The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) |url=http://www.tasouganda.org/ |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=www.tasouganda.org}}</ref> == Enkola y'emirimu == TASO yatandikibwaawo mu 1987 ekibinja ky’abasawo abaali balabye engeri abalwadde abalaga obubonero bw’obulwadde bwa Siriimu gyebaali bajjanjabirwaamu obubi mu waadi z’eddwaliro ly’e [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Mulago]] mu Kampala. Mu kusooka, kyali kibinja kitono eky'abantu abaali basisinkana mu butongole okwogera ku siriimu n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}</ref>: olupapula 33 era n’okukula okufuuka ekitongole. Kyafuuka ekimu ku [[:en:HIV/AIDS_in_Uganda|bitongole ebikulu ebirabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu Uganda.]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba |first=Joseph |last2=Neema |first2=S. |last3=Byamugisha |first3=R. |last4=Tylleskär |first4=T. |last5=Tumwine |first5=J. K. |last6=Heggenhougen |first6=H. K. |year=2012 |title="Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth". pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in Eastern Uganda |url=http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/articles/view/17429 |journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society |volume=15 |issue=2 |doi=10.7448/ias.15.2.17429 |pmc=3494159 |pmid=22905360 |access-date=13 May 2014 |article-number=17429}}{{dead link|date=May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=29 October 2004 |title=The Second Philly Lutaaya Memorial Lecture |publisher=Quality Chemicals Ltd. |page=8}}</ref> TASO bwe yatandika, Uganda yali edda engulu okuva mu lutalo olwaleeta gavumenti eriwo mu buyinza kati. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Glen |date=January 1992 |title=From Fear to Hope. AIDS care and Prevention at Chikankata Hospital, Zambia |publisher=Strategies for Hope |isbn=1-872502-14-8 |edition=Revised |page=3}}</ref> TASO yatandikibwawo okubudaabuda abalwadde abaali basosolwa ab'oluganda lwabwe, noluusi ne basuulibwa okufiira mu kibangirizi ky’eddwaliro. <ref name="Curriculum">{{Cite book |last=TASO |date=1995 |title=Curriculum for HIV/AIDS Counselors |publisher=TASO (U) Ltd. |edition=3rd}}</ref> :  olupapula ii <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : empapula 32–33  Omuwendo gw’abantu abajja okubudaabudibwa mu kibinja kino ekitono bwe gweyongera, okubudaabudibwa kw'agenda kuwera okubudabudibwa kwafuuka kwa bwetaaze okukuuma abo abanoonya okubudaabudibwa. <ref name="Curriculum" /> : omuko ii  Mu 2008, TASO yali ekuze n’efuuka ekimu ku bitongole ebisinga obunene ekyatandikibwaawo mu Uganda, nga kiyamba n'okulabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalinwa akawuka akaleeta mukenenya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Susan Kabarwani |year=2008 |title=HIV/AIDS in Uganda |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130028/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=4 March 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa Christopher Kaleeba, omukugu mu by’okukuba ebifaananyi by'omubiri munda, okukeberebwa n’azuulibwa ng’alina akawuka akaleeta siriimu yayita nga mu kuswaluka [[:en:Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS|n’okusosolwa]] bakozi banne mu [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Ddwaaliro ly'e Mulago]], yawa mukyala we ( [[Noerine Kaleeba]] ) ne mikwano gye amagezi okutekawo ekibiina ekiwagira abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu n’abakoseddwa nga bali mu ddwaaliro munda. <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> Akabinja k;abantu akatono nga kalimu abakozi b’eby'obulamu n’abalwadde abamu, baweebwa ekisenge ekimu gyebajanjabira obulwadde bwa Poliyo mu ddwaaliro ly'e Mulago gye baatandikira okuwa obujjanjabi eri abalwadde abaali tebasula mu ddwaliro wabula nga bava bweru nga kidukanyizibwa Elly Katabira ng’eddwaliro erijanjaba obulwadde bwa mukenenya. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}</ref> : olupapula 122  Mu 1989, TASO yakyaza [[Philly Bongole Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], omuyimbi omumanyifu, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abalwadde abalina mukenenya, era nga ye muntu eyasooka okuvaayo mulwaatu n'alangirira nga bweyali alina obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. Oluyimba lwe '<nowiki/>''Alone''' lwatwalibwa ng’oluyimba lw'ekitongole kya TASO nga kw’otadde n’ebibiina ebirala bingi ebiyamba mukulwanyisa mukenenya mu Uganda n'okulabirira abalina obulwadde buno, nga kwekuli n’amawanga amalala mangi. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |year=2000 |title=Open Secret. People facing up to HIV and AIDS in Uganda |last2=Joyce Namulondo Kadowe |last3=Daniel Kalinaki |last4=Glen Williams |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-55-5 |editor-last=Glen Williams |location=Oxford |pages=24–25}}</ref> <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : olupapula 63 Nga bagoberera eky'okulabirako kya Philly Lutaaya, bakasitoma abaali n’ekitone ky’okuyimba, okuzina amazina n'okuzannya katemba, baatandika okuyimba mu bitundu eby'etolodde eggwanga okumannyisa ku bulwadde bwa siriimu n'akawuka ka mukenenya. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}</ref> : olupapula 31 Enkozesa y’ennyimba, amazina ne katemba yakopebwa mu bifo bya TASO eby'enjawulo byonna era n’ekifuuka ekintu ekikulu eky’okukunga abantu n’okubamannyisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TASO Centers |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rna_m3dwZw |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 1993, TASO yali egaziye okuva ku disitulikiti emu okutuuka ku disitulikiti musanvu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |date=1995 |title=TASO Uganda. The Inside Story. Participatory evaluation of HIV/AIDS counseling, medical and social services 1993-1994 |publisher=TASO, WHO |page=viii |hdl=10665/61142 |quote=Countless organisations and programmes have already been inspired by the effective model offered by TASO. Dr. M.H. Merson. Executive Director. WHO Global Programme on AIDS}}</ref> == Beekolagana nabo == Nga bali wamu n’ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa [[:en:Traditional_and_Modern_Health_Practitioners_Together_against_AIDS|Traditional and modern Health practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA)]], TASO yatandikawo enkolagana n’abasawo b’ekinaansi mu 1992 okubawa obukugu bw'omusingi mu kubudaabuda wamu n’okumanya ebikwata ku bulwadde bwa siriimu. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : olupapula 164  Okuva mu Gwekumiu 1999 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yakolagana n’ekibiina ky’Abakyala abalina Akawuka ka Siriimu mu ggwanga okuddukanya pulojekiti y’Okuwona Abaana. Pulojekiti eno yamala ddoola 1,000,000 era yayamba abaana 435 okutumbuUla obukugu bwaabwe mu kusoma n’okuwandiika n’okufuna obukugu obwetaagisa okusobola okuwangaala. <ref name="Children">{{Cite book |date=September 2003 |title=USAID Project Profiles: Children Affected by HIV/AIDS |publisher=US Agency for International Development}}</ref> : olupapula 74  Okuva mu Gwekumi 2000 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yasa mu nkola enkola y’okutendekebwa mu by’emikono eri abaana abeetaaga okuyambibwaako. Yamala ddoola 926,355, ng’abaana 832 beebaaganyulwaamu nga bayita mu kutendekebwa n'abakugu. <ref name="Children" /> : olupapula 75  Okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, TASO yakolagana n’ekitongole ky'Eggwanga Ekikola mu Kunoonyerea ku by'Obulimu mu Uganda okusa mu nkola pulojekiti y'obwekwerinda mu By'emere . Nga bayita munkolagana eno, ebibiina byombi byasobola okukola ku nsonga ezikwata ku bbula ly’emmere mu maka g'omubyalo mu Uganda naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Tororo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO nayo ekwataganye n’amagye agali mu yunifoomu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakabugo |first=Goretti |date=8 April 2013 |title=Gunning down new infections and scaling up HIV prevention. A case study of the Uganda Uniformed forces in collaboration with TASO Uganda. |url=http://www.slideshare.net/RegionalAIDSTraining/goretti-nakabugo-taso-uganda?v=default&b=&from_search=1 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=RATN}}</ref> Enteekateeka ya TASO eya 2013 okutuuka 2017 yayita okuvugiriza okusingawo okuva mu ggwanga n'ensi yonna okulabirira obuwereza obwekuusa kunsonga z'Obulwadde bwa siriimu mu Uganda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO yakolagana n'Ekitongole Ekivinaanyizibwa ku By'okugaba Emere mu Nsi yonna okuwa bakasitoma baayo emere. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO era yakitegeera nti bakasitoma baali beetaaga ensibuko y’okweyimirizaawo era, n’olwekyo, yakolagana ne Pulojekiti y’Enkoko okuwa enkoko eri famire wamu n’ebisolo ebirala ng’embizzi ng’ensibuko evaamu ssente egivaamu ssente. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|title=congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140310093238/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|archive-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> == Empeereza == === Eby'obusawo === * Enteekateeka y'ekizaala gumba <ref>{{Cite book |last=Birungi |first=Harriet |date=July 2008 |title=Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |last2=Mugisha |first2=John Frank |last3=Nyombi |first3=Juliana |last4=Obare |first4=Francis |last5=Evelia |first5=Humphres |last6=Nyinkavu |first6=Hannington |publisher=United States Agency for International Development; Ford Foundation; The AIDS Support Organisation; Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Population Council |page=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725061837/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |archive-date=July 25, 2009}}</ref> * Empeereza y'okulabirira awaka <ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Transformer|date=2006|publisher=The Presidential Transformers Award 2006|location=Kampala, Uganda|page=37|edition=Special|type=Magazine}}</ref> * Okubudaabudibwa abalwadde b'akawuuka akaleeta mukeneya ** Okubuulirira nokukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu mu maka ** Okubudaabudibwa nga tebannaba kugezesebwa n’oluvannyuma lw’okukeberebwa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba J. |display-authors=etal |date=24 May 2013 |title=Pregnant women's experiences of routine counseling and testing for HIV in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study |journal=BMC Health Services Research |page=13}}</ref> * Okukulaakulanya obusobozi ** Obujjanjabi bwa TASO obw’okubunyisa amawulire bwaggyibwawo mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’ensimbi okuva mu kitongole kya USAID okukendeera. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birungi |first=Sandra |title=TASO faces closure as it closes its outreach clinics |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130026/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> ** Mu 2013, TASO yatandikawo empeereza mu kujjanjaba n’okuzuula yinfenkisoni endala eziweebwa omukisa nga kookolo w’omumwa gwa nabaana n’akafuba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, TASO yagaziya ku mpeereza yaayo n’eyingizaamu [[:en:Circumcision_and_HIV|okukomolebwa kw’abasajja.]] * Empeereza y’Abavubuka * Empeereza eyamba abavubuka * Okutangira akawuka ka siriimu ** TASO ewagidde kaweefube w’okulwanyisa obusosoze mu bafumbo okwongera okukozesa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi Stephen |year=2012 |title=Stigma hinders couples with HIV and AIDS in rural Uganda from accessing services |url=http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125958/http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=Exchange |pages=8–9}}</ref> * Ekitundu ky’emmere n’endya * Okunoonyereza ** TASO ebadde yeenyigira mu nteekateeka z’omukitundu eziwerako wamu n’okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi obukwata ku siriimu n’okugezesa eddagala. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : omuko xiv  ** TASO ekwataganye ne Yunivasite y’e Ottawa ku kunoonyereza ku nsimbi entonotono, okugezesebwa mu malwaliro, n’enyingiza ya bakasitoma abalina akawuka ka siriimu mu Afrika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bakanda |first=Celestin |last2=Birungi |first2=Josephine |last3=Nkoyooyo |first3=Abdallah |last4=Featherstone |first4=Amber |last5=Cooper |first5=Curtis L. |last6=Hogg |first6=Robert S. |last7=Mills |first7=Edward J. |date=7 March 2011 |title=Cohort Profile: The TASO-CAN Cohort Collaboration |url=http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/06/ije.dyr033 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=946–950 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyr033 |issn=0300-5771 |pmid=21382975 |access-date=7 May 2015 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa mu kunoonyereza ** ''Good Adherence to HAART and improved survival in a community HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme: the experience of The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) Kampala, Uganda.''. Yafulumizibwa nga 20 Ogwekuminoogumu 2008 aba BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:241. doi:10 1186/1472-6963/8/241. Abaasa M. Andrew ne banne. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Good+Adherence+to+HAART+and+improved+survival+in+a+community+HIV%2FAIDS+treatment+and+care+programme%3A+the+experience+of+The+AIDS+Support+Organisation+(TASO)] ** ''Reliability of scored patient generated subjective global assessment for nutritional status among HIV infected adults in TASO, Kampala. Published 2011''. Yafulumizibwa 2011 ekitongole aba African Health Sciences 2011; 11(S1): S86 - S92. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Reliability+of+scored+patient+generated+subjective+global+assessment+for+nutritional+status+among+HIV+infected+adults+in+TASO%2C+Kampala] == Ebifo bya TASO == TASO etaddewo ebifo 12 okwetoloola eggwanga. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlen_Williams2007">Glen Williams, ed. (2007). ''UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO''. Strategies for Hope Trust. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-905746-06-4|<bdi>978-1-905746-06-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> # Mulago (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 1987) # Masaka (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokutaano 1988) # Ekifo ekitendeka abantu ekya TASO (kyatandikibwawo mu Ogwekumi 1988) # Tororo (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1988) # Mbarara (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 1989) # Mbale (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1990) # Jinja (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1991) # Entebbe (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1991) # Gulu (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2004) # Rukungiri (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Soroti (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Masindi (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2005) == Pulojekiti ezikolebwa == === Eziri munkola === * Ekitongole ekiddukanya ensimbi z’obuyambi * SCALAP - Karamoja, === Ezaakomekerera === * TEACH - (Yatandika mu 2005, okuwagira ebikolebwa okudukirira abalwadde ba Siriimu mu bitundu ebisinganibwa mu Bukiika ddyo bw'eddungu lya Sub Saharan mu Afrika okuzimba obusobozi bwabwe mu kuwa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi |first=Stephen |title=TASO Experiential Attachment to Combat HIV/AIDS (TEACH) |url=http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114135354/http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=HIV Capacity Forum}}</ref> * SCOT * REACH U * PrEP * OKUBEEZAWO * Nu-Hites == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist|2}} == Okweyongerayo mu kusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Benjamin |date=2009 |title=AIDS: The Biological Basis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evvOx38N1REC&q=aids |publisher=Malloy Inc. |isbn=978-0-7637-6324-4 |edition=5th |access-date=7 May 2015}} * {{Cite book |year=1995 |title=Facts about HIV infection and disease |publisher=TASO Uganda |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Janie Hampton |year=1991 |title=Living Positively with AIDS |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-13-X |edition=Revised}} * {{Cite book |date=1991 |title=Living with AIDS in the Community. A book to help people make the best of Life |publisher=World Health Organization |hdl=10665/58366 |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Katherine Coon |year=2007 |title=Transcending Boundaries to improve the food security of HIV - affected households in Rural Uganda: A Case Study |last2=Jessica Ogden |last3=John Odolon |last4=Anthony Obudi-Owor |last5=Charles Otim |last6=James Byakigga |last7=Peter Ssebbanja |publisher=Population Council}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fbggg5hmdrm4xpten867iqean2xqfff 63613 63610 2026-07-18T18:34:53Z Musuuza 11013 ntereezezza ku mpandiika 63613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)''' kitongole ekyatandikibwawo mu ggwanga okuyambako mu kuweereza n'okudduukirira abalwadde ba [[:en:HIV|siriimu]] n'abalina akawuka akaleeta [[Siriimu|mukenenya]], ekyawandiisibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] wabula nga [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|si kitongole kya gavumenti]]. Ky'ekyatandikawo wabula nga si kya mu bantu mu kudduukirira abalwadde b'Akawuka akaleeta mukenenya n'Obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. TASO kibiina kya ba memba abasoba mu 4,000 nga bawandiise. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matovu |first=Sylvia |title=The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) |url=http://www.tasouganda.org/ |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=www.tasouganda.org}}</ref> == Okwanjula mu bufunze == TASO yatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 1987 ekibinja ky'abakozi b'ebyobulamu abaali balabye engeri embi ennyo gye baali bayisaamu abalwadde abaali balaga obubonero bwa Mukenenya (AIDS) mu waadi z'Eddwaliro e Mulago mu Kampala. Mu kusooka, kyali kibinja kitono eky'abantu abaali basisinkana mu butongole okwogera ku siriimu n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}</ref>: olupapula 33 oluvannyuma ne kikula ne kifuuka ekitongole ekitegekeddwa obulungi. Kyafuuka ekimu ku [[:en:HIV/AIDS_in_Uganda|bitongole ebikulu ebirabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu Uganda.]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba |first=Joseph |last2=Neema |first2=S. |last3=Byamugisha |first3=R. |last4=Tylleskär |first4=T. |last5=Tumwine |first5=J. K. |last6=Heggenhougen |first6=H. K. |year=2012 |title="Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth". pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in Eastern Uganda |url=http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/articles/view/17429 |journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society |volume=15 |issue=2 |doi=10.7448/ias.15.2.17429 |pmc=3494159 |pmid=22905360 |access-date=13 May 2014 |article-number=17429}}{{dead link|date=May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=29 October 2004 |title=The Second Philly Lutaaya Memorial Lecture |publisher=Quality Chemicals Ltd. |page=8}}</ref> TASO bwe yatandika, Uganda yali edda ngulu okuva mu lutalo olwaleeta gavumenti eriwo mu buyinza kati. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Glen |date=January 1992 |title=From Fear to Hope. AIDS care and Prevention at Chikankata Hospital, Zambia |publisher=Strategies for Hope |isbn=1-872502-14-8 |edition=Revised |page=3}}</ref> TASO yatandikibwawo okusobola okuwa essuubi n’okubudaabuda abalwadde abaali basosolebwa era emirundi mingi ne balekebwawo abenganda zaabwe okufa nga bali mu malwaliro. <ref name="Curriculum">{{Cite book |last=TASO |date=1995 |title=Curriculum for HIV/AIDS Counselors |publisher=TASO (U) Ltd. |edition=3rd}}</ref> :  olupapula ii <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : empapula 32–33  Nga omuwendo gw’abantu abajjanga eri ekibinja kino ekitono okunoonya okubudaabudibwa bwe gweyongera, okuwa amagezi n’obujjanjabi bw’ebirowoozo (counselling) kyafuuka empeereza eyetaagisa okusobola okukuumira awamu abo abaali banoonya obuyambi. <ref name="Curriculum" /> : omuko ii  Mu 2008, TASO yali ekuze n’efuuka ekimu ku bitongole ebisinga obunene ekyatandikibwaawo mu Uganda, nga kiyamba n'okulabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka akaleeta mukenenya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Susan Kabarwani |year=2008 |title=HIV/AIDS in Uganda |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130028/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=4 March 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa Christopher Kaleeba, omukugu mu by’okukuba ebifaananyi by'omubiri munda, okukeberebwa n’azuulibwa ng’alina akawuka akaleeta siriimu yayita nga mu kuswaluka [[:en:Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS|n’okusosolwa]] bakozi banne mu [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Ddwaaliro ly'e Mulago]], yawa mukyala we ( [[Noerine Kaleeba]] ) ne mikwano gye amagezi okutekawo ekibiina ekiwagira abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu n’abakoseddwa nga bali mu ddwaaliro munda. <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> Akabinja k;abantu akatono nga kalimu abakozi b’eby'obulamu n’abalwadde abamu, baweebwa ekisenge ekimu gyebajanjabira obulwadde bwa Poliyo mu ddwaaliro ly'e Mulago gye baatandikira okuwa obujjanjabi eri abalwadde abaali tebasula mu ddwaliro wabula nga bava bweru nga kidukanyizibwa Elly Katabira ng’eddwaliro erijanjaba obulwadde bwa mukenenya. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}</ref> : olupapula 122  Mu 1989, TASO yakyaza [[Philly Bongole Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], omuyimbi omumanyifu, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abalwadde abalina mukenenya, era nga ye muntu eyasooka okuvaayo mulwaatu n'alangirira nga bweyali alina obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. Oluyimba lwe '<nowiki/>''Alone''' lwatwalibwa ng’oluyimba lw'ekitongole kya TASO nga kw’otadde n’ebibiina ebirala bingi ebiyamba mukulwanyisa mukenenya mu Uganda n'okulabirira abalina obulwadde buno, nga kwekuli n’amawanga amalala mangi. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |year=2000 |title=Open Secret. People facing up to HIV and AIDS in Uganda |last2=Joyce Namulondo Kadowe |last3=Daniel Kalinaki |last4=Glen Williams |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-55-5 |editor-last=Glen Williams |location=Oxford |pages=24–25}}</ref> <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : olupapula 63 Nga bagoberera eky'okulabirako kya Philly Lutaaya, bakasitoma abaali n’ekitone ky’okuyimba, okuzina amazina n'okuzannya katemba, baatandika okuyimba mu bitundu eby'etolodde eggwanga okumannyisa ku bulwadde bwa siriimu n'akawuka ka mukenenya. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}</ref> : olupapula 31 Enkozesa y’ennyimba, amazina ne katemba yakopebwa mu bifo bya TASO eby'enjawulo byonna era n’ekifuuka ekintu ekikulu eky’okukunga abantu n’okubamannyisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TASO Centers |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rna_m3dwZw |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 1993, TASO yali egaziye okuva ku disitulikiti emu okutuuka ku disitulikiti musanvu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |date=1995 |title=TASO Uganda. The Inside Story. Participatory evaluation of HIV/AIDS counseling, medical and social services 1993-1994 |publisher=TASO, WHO |page=viii |hdl=10665/61142 |quote=Countless organisations and programmes have already been inspired by the effective model offered by TASO. Dr. M.H. Merson. Executive Director. WHO Global Programme on AIDS}}</ref> == Beekolagana nabo == Nga bali wamu n’ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa [[:en:Traditional_and_Modern_Health_Practitioners_Together_against_AIDS|Traditional and modern Health practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA)]], TASO yatandikawo enkolagana n’abasawo b’ekinaansi mu 1992 okubawa obukugu bw'omusingi mu kubudaabuda wamu n’okumanya ebikwata ku bulwadde bwa siriimu. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : olupapula 164  Okuva mu Gwekumiu 1999 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yakolagana n’ekibiina ky’Abakyala abalina Akawuka ka Siriimu mu ggwanga okuddukanya pulojekiti y’Okuwona Abaana. Pulojekiti eno yamala ddoola 1,000,000 era yayamba abaana 435 okutumbuUla obukugu bwaabwe mu kusoma n’okuwandiika n’okufuna obukugu obwetaagisa okusobola okuwangaala. <ref name="Children">{{Cite book |date=September 2003 |title=USAID Project Profiles: Children Affected by HIV/AIDS |publisher=US Agency for International Development}}</ref> : olupapula 74  Okuva mu Gwekumi 2000 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yasa mu nkola enkola y’okutendekebwa mu by’emikono eri abaana abeetaaga okuyambibwaako. Yamala ddoola 926,355, ng’abaana 832 beebaaganyulwaamu nga bayita mu kutendekebwa n'abakugu. <ref name="Children" /> : olupapula 75  Okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, TASO yakolagana n’ekitongole ky'Eggwanga Ekikola mu Kunoonyerea ku by'Obulimu mu Uganda okusa mu nkola pulojekiti y'obwekwerinda mu By'emere . Nga bayita munkolagana eno, ebibiina byombi byasobola okukola ku nsonga ezikwata ku bbula ly’emmere mu maka g'omubyalo mu Uganda naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Tororo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO nayo ekwataganye n’amagye agali mu yunifoomu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakabugo |first=Goretti |date=8 April 2013 |title=Gunning down new infections and scaling up HIV prevention. A case study of the Uganda Uniformed forces in collaboration with TASO Uganda. |url=http://www.slideshare.net/RegionalAIDSTraining/goretti-nakabugo-taso-uganda?v=default&b=&from_search=1 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=RATN}}</ref> Enteekateeka ya TASO eya 2013 okutuuka 2017 yayita okuvugiriza okusingawo okuva mu ggwanga n'ensi yonna okulabirira obuwereza obwekuusa kunsonga z'Obulwadde bwa siriimu mu Uganda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO yakolagana n'Ekitongole Ekivinaanyizibwa ku By'okugaba Emere mu Nsi yonna okuwa bakasitoma baayo emere. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO era yakitegeera nti bakasitoma baali beetaaga ensibuko y’okweyimirizaawo era, n’olwekyo, yakolagana ne Pulojekiti y’Enkoko okuwa enkoko eri famire wamu n’ebisolo ebirala ng’embizzi ng’ensibuko evaamu ssente egivaamu ssente. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|title=congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140310093238/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|archive-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> == Empeereza == === Eby'obusawo === * Enteekateeka y'ekizaala gumba <ref>{{Cite book |last=Birungi |first=Harriet |date=July 2008 |title=Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |last2=Mugisha |first2=John Frank |last3=Nyombi |first3=Juliana |last4=Obare |first4=Francis |last5=Evelia |first5=Humphres |last6=Nyinkavu |first6=Hannington |publisher=United States Agency for International Development; Ford Foundation; The AIDS Support Organisation; Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Population Council |page=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725061837/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |archive-date=July 25, 2009}}</ref> * Empeereza y'okulabirira awaka <ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Transformer|date=2006|publisher=The Presidential Transformers Award 2006|location=Kampala, Uganda|page=37|edition=Special|type=Magazine}}</ref> * Okubudaabudibwa abalwadde b'akawuuka akaleeta mukeneya ** Okubuulirira nokukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu mu maka ** Okubudaabudibwa nga tebannaba kugezesebwa n’oluvannyuma lw’okukeberebwa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba J. |display-authors=etal |date=24 May 2013 |title=Pregnant women's experiences of routine counseling and testing for HIV in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study |journal=BMC Health Services Research |page=13}}</ref> * Okukulaakulanya obusobozi ** Obujjanjabi bwa TASO obw’okubunyisa amawulire bwaggyibwawo mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’ensimbi okuva mu kitongole kya USAID okukendeera. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birungi |first=Sandra |title=TASO faces closure as it closes its outreach clinics |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130026/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> ** Mu 2013, TASO yatandikawo empeereza mu kujjanjaba n’okuzuula yinfenkisoni endala eziweebwa omukisa nga kookolo w’omumwa gwa nabaana n’akafuba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, TASO yagaziya ku mpeereza yaayo n’eyingizaamu [[:en:Circumcision_and_HIV|okukomolebwa kw’abasajja.]] * Empeereza y’Abavubuka * Empeereza eyamba abavubuka * Okutangira akawuka ka siriimu ** TASO ewagidde kaweefube w’okulwanyisa obusosoze mu bafumbo okwongera okukozesa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi Stephen |year=2012 |title=Stigma hinders couples with HIV and AIDS in rural Uganda from accessing services |url=http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125958/http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=Exchange |pages=8–9}}</ref> * Ekitundu ky’emmere n’endya * Okunoonyereza ** TASO ebadde yeenyigira mu nteekateeka z’omukitundu eziwerako wamu n’okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi obukwata ku siriimu n’okugezesa eddagala. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : omuko xiv  ** TASO ekwataganye ne Yunivasite y’e Ottawa ku kunoonyereza ku nsimbi entonotono, okugezesebwa mu malwaliro, n’enyingiza ya bakasitoma abalina akawuka ka siriimu mu Afrika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bakanda |first=Celestin |last2=Birungi |first2=Josephine |last3=Nkoyooyo |first3=Abdallah |last4=Featherstone |first4=Amber |last5=Cooper |first5=Curtis L. |last6=Hogg |first6=Robert S. |last7=Mills |first7=Edward J. |date=7 March 2011 |title=Cohort Profile: The TASO-CAN Cohort Collaboration |url=http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/06/ije.dyr033 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=946–950 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyr033 |issn=0300-5771 |pmid=21382975 |access-date=7 May 2015 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa mu kunoonyereza ** ''Good Adherence to HAART and improved survival in a community HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme: the experience of The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) Kampala, Uganda.''. Yafulumizibwa nga 20 Ogwekuminoogumu 2008 aba BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:241. doi:10 1186/1472-6963/8/241. Abaasa M. Andrew ne banne. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Good+Adherence+to+HAART+and+improved+survival+in+a+community+HIV%2FAIDS+treatment+and+care+programme%3A+the+experience+of+The+AIDS+Support+Organisation+(TASO)] ** ''Reliability of scored patient generated subjective global assessment for nutritional status among HIV infected adults in TASO, Kampala. Published 2011''. Yafulumizibwa 2011 ekitongole aba African Health Sciences 2011; 11(S1): S86 - S92. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Reliability+of+scored+patient+generated+subjective+global+assessment+for+nutritional+status+among+HIV+infected+adults+in+TASO%2C+Kampala] == Ebifo bya TASO == TASO etaddewo ebifo 12 okwetoloola eggwanga. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlen_Williams2007">Glen Williams, ed. (2007). ''UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO''. Strategies for Hope Trust. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-905746-06-4|<bdi>978-1-905746-06-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> # Mulago (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 1987) # Masaka (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokutaano 1988) # Ekifo ekitendeka abantu ekya TASO (kyatandikibwawo mu Ogwekumi 1988) # Tororo (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1988) # Mbarara (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 1989) # Mbale (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1990) # Jinja (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1991) # Entebbe (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1991) # Gulu (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2004) # Rukungiri (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Soroti (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Masindi (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2005) == Pulojekiti ezikolebwa == === Eziri munkola === * Ekitongole ekiddukanya ensimbi z’obuyambi * SCALAP - Karamoja, === Ezaakomekerera === * TEACH - (Yatandika mu 2005, okuwagira ebikolebwa okudukirira abalwadde ba Siriimu mu bitundu ebisinganibwa mu Bukiika ddyo bw'eddungu lya Sub Saharan mu Afrika okuzimba obusobozi bwabwe mu kuwa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi |first=Stephen |title=TASO Experiential Attachment to Combat HIV/AIDS (TEACH) |url=http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114135354/http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=HIV Capacity Forum}}</ref> * SCOT * REACH U * PrEP * OKUBEEZAWO * Nu-Hites == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist|2}} == Okweyongerayo mu kusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Benjamin |date=2009 |title=AIDS: The Biological Basis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evvOx38N1REC&q=aids |publisher=Malloy Inc. |isbn=978-0-7637-6324-4 |edition=5th |access-date=7 May 2015}} * {{Cite book |year=1995 |title=Facts about HIV infection and disease |publisher=TASO Uganda |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Janie Hampton |year=1991 |title=Living Positively with AIDS |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-13-X |edition=Revised}} * {{Cite book |date=1991 |title=Living with AIDS in the Community. A book to help people make the best of Life |publisher=World Health Organization |hdl=10665/58366 |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Katherine Coon |year=2007 |title=Transcending Boundaries to improve the food security of HIV - affected households in Rural Uganda: A Case Study |last2=Jessica Ogden |last3=John Odolon |last4=Anthony Obudi-Owor |last5=Charles Otim |last6=James Byakigga |last7=Peter Ssebbanja |publisher=Population Council}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lzlvw27qm2cxfj4xw6anxi7z41lf10a 63615 63613 2026-07-18T18:56:28Z Musuuza 11013 ntereezezza ku mpandiika 63615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)''' kitongole ekyatandikibwawo mu ggwanga okuyambako mu kuweereza n'okudduukirira abalwadde ba [[:en:HIV|siriimu]] n'abalina akawuka akaleeta [[Siriimu|mukenenya]], ekyawandiisibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] wabula nga [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|si kitongole kya gavumenti]]. Ky'ekyatandikawo wabula nga si kya mu bantu mu kudduukirira abalwadde b'Akawuka akaleeta mukenenya n'Obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. TASO kibiina kya ba memba abasoba mu 4,000 nga bawandiise. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matovu |first=Sylvia |title=The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) |url=http://www.tasouganda.org/ |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=www.tasouganda.org}}</ref> == Okwanjula mu bufunze == TASO yatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 1987 ekibinja ky'abakozi b'ebyobulamu abaali balabye engeri embi ennyo gye baali bayisaamu abalwadde abaali balaga obubonero bwa Mukenenya (AIDS) mu waadi z'Eddwaliro e Mulago mu Kampala. Mu kusooka, kyali kibinja kitono eky'abantu abaali basisinkana mu butongole okwogera ku siriimu n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}</ref>: olupapula 33 oluvannyuma ne kikula ne kifuuka ekitongole ekitegekeddwa obulungi. Kyafuuka ekimu ku [[:en:HIV/AIDS_in_Uganda|bitongole ebikulu ebirabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu Uganda.]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba |first=Joseph |last2=Neema |first2=S. |last3=Byamugisha |first3=R. |last4=Tylleskär |first4=T. |last5=Tumwine |first5=J. K. |last6=Heggenhougen |first6=H. K. |year=2012 |title="Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth". pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in Eastern Uganda |url=http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/articles/view/17429 |journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society |volume=15 |issue=2 |doi=10.7448/ias.15.2.17429 |pmc=3494159 |pmid=22905360 |access-date=13 May 2014 |article-number=17429}}{{dead link|date=May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=29 October 2004 |title=The Second Philly Lutaaya Memorial Lecture |publisher=Quality Chemicals Ltd. |page=8}}</ref> TASO bwe yatandika, Uganda yali edda ngulu okuva mu lutalo olwaleeta gavumenti eriwo mu buyinza kati. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Glen |date=January 1992 |title=From Fear to Hope. AIDS care and Prevention at Chikankata Hospital, Zambia |publisher=Strategies for Hope |isbn=1-872502-14-8 |edition=Revised |page=3}}</ref> TASO yatandikibwawo okusobola okuwa essuubi n’okubudaabuda abalwadde abaali basosolebwa era emirundi mingi ne balekebwawo abenganda zaabwe okufa nga bali mu malwaliro. <ref name="Curriculum">{{Cite book |last=TASO |date=1995 |title=Curriculum for HIV/AIDS Counselors |publisher=TASO (U) Ltd. |edition=3rd}}</ref> :  olupapula ii <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : empapula 32–33  Nga omuwendo gw’abantu abajjanga eri ekibinja kino ekitono okunoonya okubudaabudibwa bwe gweyongera, okuwa amagezi n’obujjanjabi bw’ebirowoozo (counselling) kyafuuka empeereza eyetaagisa okusobola okukuumira awamu abo abaali banoonya obuyambi. <ref name="Curriculum" /> : omuko ii  Mu 2008, TASO yali ekuze n’efuuka ekimu ku bitongole ebisinga obunene ekyatandikibwaawo mu Uganda, nga kiyamba n'okulabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka akaleeta mukenenya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Susan Kabarwani |year=2008 |title=HIV/AIDS in Uganda |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130028/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=4 March 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa Christopher Kaleeba, omukugu mu by’okukuba ebifaananyi by’omubiri (radiographer), okukeberebwa n’azuulibwa ng’alina siriimu, n’ayisibwa obubi olw’okusosolwa n’okusalirwa omusango okuva eri bakozi banne mu Ddwaaliro e Mulago, yateesa eri mukyala we (Noerine Kaleeba) ne mikwano gye okutandikawo ekibinja eky’obuwagizi okusobola okukubiriza n’okuyamba abantu abalina Siriimu n’abo abakoseddwa siriimu n'akawuka ka mukenenya nga bali mu ddwaaliro. <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> Ekibinja ekitono, ekyali kirimu abakozi b’ebyobulamu n’abamu ku balwadde, kyaweebwa ekisenge mu kalwaliro ka pooliyo akatono mu Ddwaaliro e Mulago, Baatandika okuwa empeereza z’obujjanjabi eri abalwadde abajja okulabibwa mu ddwaliro ne baddayo awaka, nga tebeetaaga kusula mu ddwaliro, Nga zitegekebwa Elly Katabira ng’eddwaliro erikola ku balwadde ba AIDS. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}</ref> : olupapula 122  Mu 1989, TASO yakyaza [[Philly Bongole Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], omuyimbi omumanyifu, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abalwadde abalina mukenenya, era nga ye muntu eyasooka okuvaayo mulwatu n'alangirira nga bweyali alina obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. Oluyimba lwe '<nowiki/>''Alone''' lwatwalibwa ng’oluyimba lw'ekitongole kya TASO nga kw’otadde n’ebibiina ebirala bingi ebiyamba mukulwanyisa mukenenya mu Uganda n'okulabirira abalina obulwadde buno, nga kwekuli n’amawanga amalala mangi. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |year=2000 |title=Open Secret. People facing up to HIV and AIDS in Uganda |last2=Joyce Namulondo Kadowe |last3=Daniel Kalinaki |last4=Glen Williams |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-55-5 |editor-last=Glen Williams |location=Oxford |pages=24–25}}</ref> <ref name="Miss">{{Cite book |last=Noerine Kaleeba |title=We Miss You All |last2=Sunanda Ray |publisher=SAFAIDS |edition=3rd}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNoerine_KaleebaSunanda_Ray">Noerine Kaleeba; Sunanda Ray. ''We Miss You All'' (3rd&nbsp;ed.). SAFAIDS.</cite></ref> : olupapula 63 Nga bagoberera eky'okulabirako kya Philly Lutaaya, abantu abaali bafuna obuyambi okuva mu kibiina kino era nga balina obusobozi mu kuyimba, okuzina n’okukola emizannyo, baatandika okukola ebivvulu mu bitundu by’abantu eby’enjawulo okusomesa n’okumanyisa abantu ku bulwadde bwa siriimu n'akawuka ka mukenenya. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}</ref> : olupapula 31 Enkozesa y’ennyimba, amazina ne katemba yakoppebwa mu bifo bya TASO eby'enjawulo byonna era ne kifuuka ekintu ekikulu eky’okukunga abantu n’okubamannyisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TASO Centers |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rna_m3dwZw |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 1993, TASO yali egaziye okuva ku disitulikiti emu okutuuka ku disitulikiti musanvu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |date=1995 |title=TASO Uganda. The Inside Story. Participatory evaluation of HIV/AIDS counseling, medical and social services 1993-1994 |publisher=TASO, WHO |page=viii |hdl=10665/61142 |quote=Countless organisations and programmes have already been inspired by the effective model offered by TASO. Dr. M.H. Merson. Executive Director. WHO Global Programme on AIDS}}</ref> == Beekolagana nabo == Nga bali wamu n’ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa [[:en:Traditional_and_Modern_Health_Practitioners_Together_against_AIDS|Traditional and modern Health practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA)]], TASO yatandikawo enkolagana n’abasawo b’ekinaansi mu 1992 okubawa obukugu bw'omusingi mu kubudaabuda wamu n’okumanya ebikwata ku bulwadde bwa siriimu. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : olupapula 164  Okuva mu Gwekumiu 1999 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yakolagana n’ekibiina ky’Abakyala abalina Akawuka ka Siriimu mu ggwanga okuddukanya pulojekiti y’Okuwona Abaana. Pulojekiti eno yamala ddoola 1,000,000 era yayamba abaana 435 okutumbuUla obukugu bwaabwe mu kusoma n’okuwandiika n’okufuna obukugu obwetaagisa okusobola okuwangaala. <ref name="Children">{{Cite book |date=September 2003 |title=USAID Project Profiles: Children Affected by HIV/AIDS |publisher=US Agency for International Development}}</ref> : olupapula 74  Okuva mu Gwekumi 2000 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yasa mu nkola enkola y’okutendekebwa mu by’emikono eri abaana abeetaaga okuyambibwaako. Yamala ddoola 926,355, ng’abaana 832 beebaaganyulwaamu nga bayita mu kutendekebwa n'abakugu. <ref name="Children" /> : olupapula 75  Okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, TASO yakolagana n’ekitongole ky'Eggwanga Ekikola mu Kunoonyerea ku by'Obulimu mu Uganda okusa mu nkola pulojekiti y'obwekwerinda mu By'emere . Nga bayita munkolagana eno, ebibiina byombi byasobola okukola ku nsonga ezikwata ku bbula ly’emmere mu maka g'omubyalo mu Uganda naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Tororo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO nayo ekwataganye n’amagye agali mu yunifoomu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakabugo |first=Goretti |date=8 April 2013 |title=Gunning down new infections and scaling up HIV prevention. A case study of the Uganda Uniformed forces in collaboration with TASO Uganda. |url=http://www.slideshare.net/RegionalAIDSTraining/goretti-nakabugo-taso-uganda?v=default&b=&from_search=1 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=RATN}}</ref> Enteekateeka ya TASO eya 2013 okutuuka 2017 yayita okuvugiriza okusingawo okuva mu ggwanga n'ensi yonna okulabirira obuwereza obwekuusa kunsonga z'Obulwadde bwa siriimu mu Uganda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO yakolagana n'Ekitongole Ekivinaanyizibwa ku By'okugaba Emere mu Nsi yonna okuwa bakasitoma baayo emere. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO era yakitegeera nti bakasitoma baali beetaaga ensibuko y’okweyimirizaawo era, n’olwekyo, yakolagana ne Pulojekiti y’Enkoko okuwa enkoko eri famire wamu n’ebisolo ebirala ng’embizzi ng’ensibuko evaamu ssente egivaamu ssente. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|title=congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140310093238/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|archive-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> == Empeereza == === Eby'obusawo === * Enteekateeka y'ekizaala gumba <ref>{{Cite book |last=Birungi |first=Harriet |date=July 2008 |title=Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |last2=Mugisha |first2=John Frank |last3=Nyombi |first3=Juliana |last4=Obare |first4=Francis |last5=Evelia |first5=Humphres |last6=Nyinkavu |first6=Hannington |publisher=United States Agency for International Development; Ford Foundation; The AIDS Support Organisation; Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Population Council |page=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725061837/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf |archive-date=July 25, 2009}}</ref> * Empeereza y'okulabirira awaka <ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Transformer|date=2006|publisher=The Presidential Transformers Award 2006|location=Kampala, Uganda|page=37|edition=Special|type=Magazine}}</ref> * Okubudaabudibwa abalwadde b'akawuuka akaleeta mukeneya ** Okubuulirira nokukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu mu maka ** Okubudaabudibwa nga tebannaba kugezesebwa n’oluvannyuma lw’okukeberebwa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujumba J. |display-authors=etal |date=24 May 2013 |title=Pregnant women's experiences of routine counseling and testing for HIV in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study |journal=BMC Health Services Research |page=13}}</ref> * Okukulaakulanya obusobozi ** Obujjanjabi bwa TASO obw’okubunyisa amawulire bwaggyibwawo mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’ensimbi okuva mu kitongole kya USAID okukendeera. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birungi |first=Sandra |title=TASO faces closure as it closes its outreach clinics |url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130026/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=Uganda Picks}}</ref> ** Mu 2013, TASO yatandikawo empeereza mu kujjanjaba n’okuzuula yinfenkisoni endala eziweebwa omukisa nga kookolo w’omumwa gwa nabaana n’akafuba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, TASO yagaziya ku mpeereza yaayo n’eyingizaamu [[:en:Circumcision_and_HIV|okukomolebwa kw’abasajja.]] * Empeereza y’Abavubuka * Empeereza eyamba abavubuka * Okutangira akawuka ka siriimu ** TASO ewagidde kaweefube w’okulwanyisa obusosoze mu bafumbo okwongera okukozesa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi Stephen |year=2012 |title=Stigma hinders couples with HIV and AIDS in rural Uganda from accessing services |url=http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125958/http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=Exchange |pages=8–9}}</ref> * Ekitundu ky’emmere n’endya * Okunoonyereza ** TASO ebadde yeenyigira mu nteekateeka z’omukitundu eziwerako wamu n’okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi obukwata ku siriimu n’okugezesa eddagala. <ref name="Strategies">{{Cite book |last=Elly T. Katabira |date=2000 |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers |last2=Moses R. Kamya |last3=Francis X. Mubiru |last4=Nathan N. Bakyaita |publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health |location=Kampala}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElly_T._KatabiraMoses_R._KamyaFrancis_X._MubiruNathan_N._Bakyaita2000">Elly T. Katabira; Moses R. Kamya; Francis X. Mubiru; Nathan N. Bakyaita (2000). ''HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers''. Kampala: STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health.</cite></ref> : omuko xiv  ** TASO ekwataganye ne Yunivasite y’e Ottawa ku kunoonyereza ku nsimbi entonotono, okugezesebwa mu malwaliro, n’enyingiza ya bakasitoma abalina akawuka ka siriimu mu Afrika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bakanda |first=Celestin |last2=Birungi |first2=Josephine |last3=Nkoyooyo |first3=Abdallah |last4=Featherstone |first4=Amber |last5=Cooper |first5=Curtis L. |last6=Hogg |first6=Robert S. |last7=Mills |first7=Edward J. |date=7 March 2011 |title=Cohort Profile: The TASO-CAN Cohort Collaboration |url=http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/06/ije.dyr033 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=946–950 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyr033 |issn=0300-5771 |pmid=21382975 |access-date=7 May 2015 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa mu kunoonyereza ** ''Good Adherence to HAART and improved survival in a community HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme: the experience of The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) Kampala, Uganda.''. Yafulumizibwa nga 20 Ogwekuminoogumu 2008 aba BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:241. doi:10 1186/1472-6963/8/241. Abaasa M. Andrew ne banne. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Good+Adherence+to+HAART+and+improved+survival+in+a+community+HIV%2FAIDS+treatment+and+care+programme%3A+the+experience+of+The+AIDS+Support+Organisation+(TASO)] ** ''Reliability of scored patient generated subjective global assessment for nutritional status among HIV infected adults in TASO, Kampala. Published 2011''. Yafulumizibwa 2011 ekitongole aba African Health Sciences 2011; 11(S1): S86 - S92. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Reliability+of+scored+patient+generated+subjective+global+assessment+for+nutritional+status+among+HIV+infected+adults+in+TASO%2C+Kampala] == Ebifo bya TASO == TASO etaddewo ebifo 12 okwetoloola eggwanga. <ref name="United">{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO |publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust |isbn=978-1-905746-06-4 |editor-last=Glen Williams}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlen_Williams2007">Glen Williams, ed. (2007). ''UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO''. Strategies for Hope Trust. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-905746-06-4|<bdi>978-1-905746-06-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> # Mulago (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 1987) # Masaka (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokutaano 1988) # Ekifo ekitendeka abantu ekya TASO (kyatandikibwawo mu Ogwekumi 1988) # Tororo (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1988) # Mbarara (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 1989) # Mbale (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1990) # Jinja (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwokusatu 1991) # Entebbe (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1991) # Gulu (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2004) # Rukungiri (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Soroti (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2004) # Masindi (yatandikibwawo mu Ogwomunaana 2005) == Pulojekiti ezikolebwa == === Eziri munkola === * Ekitongole ekiddukanya ensimbi z’obuyambi * SCALAP - Karamoja, === Ezaakomekerera === * TEACH - (Yatandika mu 2005, okuwagira ebikolebwa okudukirira abalwadde ba Siriimu mu bitundu ebisinganibwa mu Bukiika ddyo bw'eddungu lya Sub Saharan mu Afrika okuzimba obusobozi bwabwe mu kuwa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoboi |first=Stephen |title=TASO Experiential Attachment to Combat HIV/AIDS (TEACH) |url=http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114135354/http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=HIV Capacity Forum}}</ref> * SCOT * REACH U * PrEP * OKUBEEZAWO * Nu-Hites == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist|2}} == Okweyongerayo mu kusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Benjamin |date=2009 |title=AIDS: The Biological Basis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evvOx38N1REC&q=aids |publisher=Malloy Inc. |isbn=978-0-7637-6324-4 |edition=5th |access-date=7 May 2015}} * {{Cite book |year=1995 |title=Facts about HIV infection and disease |publisher=TASO Uganda |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Janie Hampton |year=1991 |title=Living Positively with AIDS |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-13-X |edition=Revised}} * {{Cite book |date=1991 |title=Living with AIDS in the Community. A book to help people make the best of Life |publisher=World Health Organization |hdl=10665/58366 |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Katherine Coon |year=2007 |title=Transcending Boundaries to improve the food security of HIV - affected households in Rural Uganda: A Case Study |last2=Jessica Ogden |last3=John Odolon |last4=Anthony Obudi-Owor |last5=Charles Otim |last6=James Byakigga |last7=Peter Ssebbanja |publisher=Population Council}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f02nz2fo89hib2fb2gnu4lodbzc3qnw 0 12919 63616 61332 2026-07-18T19:28:31Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Palamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[:en:Mityana_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa n’ateekebwa mu gazeti mu butongole ku kisanja kya 2026–2031. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka eyeetongodde akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[:en:Parliament|Palamenti]] okutumbula ebyobufuzi by’omuntu ku bubwe. Ennyikira ye yaleeta omuwendo gw’ababaka abavuganya ku NRM oba NRM abawakanya ennongoosereza eno okutuuka ku 13. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira emisango mu disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[:en:Vincent_Nyanzi|Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 3mdxrm1dfijw16jsk2qvhy8ed4mneh0 63617 63616 2026-07-18T19:30:09Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[:en:Mityana_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka eyeetongodde akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[:en:Parliament|Palamenti]] okutumbula ebyobufuzi by’omuntu ku bubwe. Ennyikira ye yaleeta omuwendo gw’ababaka abavuganya ku NRM oba NRM abawakanya ennongoosereza eno okutuuka ku 13. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira emisango mu disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[:en:Vincent_Nyanzi|Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 9ensbf2c04wquh0ofzaqbcnxft2rloi 63618 63617 2026-07-18T19:35:25Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[:en:Mityana_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[:en:Parliament|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira emisango mu disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[:en:Vincent_Nyanzi|Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] sb5gu6exf3a7f15h59jk9951p0tok07 63619 63618 2026-07-18T19:37:05Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[:en:Mityana_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[:en:Parliament|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira eby'okulonda ku Disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[:en:Vincent_Nyanzi|Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 1t7sb04d70flhmmlqijgn038wbl3f0h 63620 63619 2026-07-18T19:39:27Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira eby'okulonda ku Disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] fuy9p11neghwlowbrc1qemg7siy3ws9 63621 63620 2026-07-18T19:40:28Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 removed [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira eby'okulonda ku Disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] d09isqixilncmbfy3xkcjsghea8t4gm 63622 63621 2026-07-18T19:40:52Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira eby'okulonda ku Disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] lo2e82uvs1gd1rf9fkp8t4u9c7vf1tb 63623 63622 2026-07-18T19:41:35Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira eby'okulonda ku Disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri]] ktklhem4aa6ixoo7t6uwq2q4a4uqy8b 63624 63623 2026-07-18T19:43:04Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Ababaka mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira eby'okulonda ku Disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri]] [[Category:Ababaka mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] pqh3qpp1z5drpxhck59igz9251c95rx 63626 63624 2026-07-18T19:46:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Kalwanga Lukyamuzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1979 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6Iis0VU1zZDIzTkNoeCtmaC8rZ0NQOVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0J5alZhUFdWOXRkMHgzVmJYdWpSQT09IiwibWFjIjoiNWNmMzY2YTM0MjUxYjM2YWQ1N2MzN2EwODQ5ZWE1M2QzMTkzYmRhYzFjNmZmOTU4Njk0NjQwZjkzNDdmM2QyZCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Busujju mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'ebbiri (2026–2031). Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 mu tikiti ky’ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=NUP’s Kalwanga defeats Dombo in Busujju County race|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-s-kalwanga-defeats-dombo-in-busujju-county-race-5334620|access-date=5 March 2026|work=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Opposition candidate Kalwanga wins Busujju County parliamentary seat|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-elections/opposition-candidate-kalwanga-wins-busujju-seat-NV_226331|access-date=5 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2021-05-19 |title=Politics: 🎥 WATCH: David Lukyamuzi sworn in as Busujju MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/watch-david-lukyamuzi-sworn-in-as-busujju-mp-NV_103067_032026 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ex- minister Nyanzi battles 3 to reclaim Busujju County |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/ex-minister-nyanzi-battles-3-to-reclaim-busujju-county-3246912 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == David Lukyamuzi Kalwanga abadde mubaka wa Paalamenti mu ssaza ly’e Busujju mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Mityana]] okuva mu 2016. Yaddamu okulondebwa era nalayizibwa mu kifo ekyo okuweereza mu kisanja kya 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakibuule |first=Carolinah |title=MP Busujju Elect David Lukyamuzi Celebrates Gazette Confirmation of Victory |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/325160/mp-busujju-elect-david-lukyamuzi-celebrates-gazette-confirmation-of-victory |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Kalwanga Calls for Respect of NUP Vetting Results Ahead of 2026 Polls |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/291458/kalwanga-calls-for-respect-of-nup-vetting-results-ahead-of-2026-polls |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Emabegako yakolako ng’omusomesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference |title=Biographies-65thCPC-Halifax-2022 |url=https://storage.grenadine.co/public.grenadine.co/global/1573/1669/322400d6d6b6573fbbd82c29c08f78ce.pdf}}</ref> Kalwanga yasituka okumanyizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2017, we yawakanya ekiteeso ky’okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gya Pulezidenti. Ng’omubaka ataalina kibiina akwatagana n’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), yavumirira ennongoosereza mu nnyingo 102(b) eya Ssemateeka, n’alumiriza Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okugezaako okukozesa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okuyisaawo ebigendererwa bye mu kisaawe kye by'obufuzi. Oludda lwe lwaleetera omuwendo gw'ababaka ba NRM oba abo abagoberera enkola ya NRM abawakanya okukyusa mu Ssemateeka okutuuka ku 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju MP Joins Anti-Age Limit Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/busujju-mp-joins-anti-age-limit-campaign |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Okusinziira ku akulira eby'okulonda ku Disitulikiti Charles Rebero, Kalwanga owa National Unity Platform ye yawangula akalulu kano n’obululu 12,871. Munne ku lusegere, [[Vincent Nyanzi]] owa National Resistance Movement yafuna obululu 11,537.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namugerwa |first=Catherine |title=Kalwanga Wins Third Term as Busujju MP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314868/kalwanga-wins-third-term-as-busujju-mp |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Busujju Constituency - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/busujju-165/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cfeditoren |date=2025-06-30 |title=Mityana: Seven Candidates Target Kalwanga'S Busujju MP Seat |url=https://www.africa-press.net/uganda/all-news/mityana-seven-candidates-target-kalwangas-busujju-mp-seat |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Update: Zaake, Lukyamuzi, and NUP Make Gains as NRM Retains Key Seats : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/election-update-zaake-lukyamuzi-and-nup-make-gains-as-nrm-retains-key-seats |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] * Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebiri * [[Paul Mwiru]] * [[Rebecca Kadaga]] * [[Francis Zaake]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri]] [[Category:Ababaka mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] p0cobbc3si2u0mw7xb2znip1pchyw48 0 13227 63627 61130 2026-07-18T19:48:21Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Added Databox 63627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Twaha Kagabo''' [[:en:Demographics_of_Uganda|Munnayuganda]] musawo era munnabyabufuzi eyaliko omubaka wa Paalamenti owa Bukoto South [[:en:Constituency|Consitituency]] mu [[:en:Lwengo_District|Disitulikiti y’e Lwengo]] okuva mu 2021 okutuuka mu 2026. Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2023-03-08 |title=News: KNOW YOUR MP: Twaha Kagabo |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-NV_155457_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2025-07-27 |title=Twaha Kagabo Announces Independent Bid After Losing NRM Primaries |url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=Muyanja-Mbabaali out to rid ghosts from past |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/muyanja-mbabaali-out-to-rid-ghosts-from-past-5131818 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Buregeya |first=Dismus |date=2025-07-19 |title=Politics: NRM Primaries: Kagabo ready to campaign for Mbabali in Bukoto South |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/nrm-primaries-kagabo-ready-to-campaign-for-mb-NV_214812_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Kagabo yawangula ekifo kya paalamenti owa Bukoto South mu kalulu ka bona aka 2021 nga yeesimbawo mu kibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]], n’awangula eyali mu ntebe.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|title=Know Your MP: Twaha Kagabo|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-martyrs/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-155457|access-date=1 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref> Ng’okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 tekunnabaawo, Kagabo yava mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform n’asaba okwegatta ku kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ku kifo kye kimu. Mu kulundwa kwa NRM primary yawangulwa eyali omubaka [[:en:Muyanja_Mbabaali|Muyanja Mbabaali]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=Twaha Kagabo announces independent bid after losing NRM primaries|url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/|access-date=1 March 2026|work=ChimpReports}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kalulu k'ekibiina, Kagabo yalangirira nti agenda kuvuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti kubwa namunigina, ng'alumiriza nti waliwo obutaali bwenkanya mu nkola y'okulonda okwo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /> Era kigambibwa nti yakwatagana n’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda (PLU), ekibiina ekikuba amaaso mu byobufuzi ekikwatagana ne General [[:en:Muhoozi_Kainerugaba|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]], wadde nga oluvannyuma yatangaaza ennyiriri ze mu byobufuzi mu kiseera ky’okulonda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=MP Kagabo signed with PLU but left looking for party to bank on|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/192363/mp-kagabo-signed-with-plu-but-left-looking-for-party-to-bank-on|access-date=1 March 2026|work=Nile Post}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okw'omwezi Omubereberye 2026, Kagabo yafiirwa ekifo kya paalamenti ekya [[:en:Bukoto|Bukoto]] South.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Kazooba |first=Lawrence |date=2026-02-13 |title=Dr Twaha Kagabo Suspends Free Medical Services in Bukoto South After Losing Parliamentary Seat |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20260213/188609/dr-twaha-kagabo-suspends-free-medical-services-in-bukoto-south-after-losing-parliamentary-seat.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ensibuko y’obusawo n’emirimu gy’omukitundu == Kagabo musawo mutendeke.<ref name=":0" /> Mu kiseera kye [[:en:Member_of_parliament|ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti]], yategeka era n’avigirira enkambi z’obujanjabi obw'obwereere n’okulongoosa abatuuze mu Bukoto South Constituency.<ref name=":4" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa ekifo kye mu paalamenti mu 2026, Kagabo yalangirira okuyimiriza obujjanjabi obw'obwereere, ng'awa ensonga y'okufiirwa ssente za paalamenti ezaali ziyambye okuyimirizaawo enteekateeka zino.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssengendo |first=Zainab Namusaazi |title=KCCA councilor announces plan to unseat PLU's Twaha Kagabo in Lwengo |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/206568/kcca-councilor-announces-plan-to-unseat-plu's-twaha-kagabo-in-lwengo |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Muyanja Mbabaali]] * [[Musa Ecweru|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] * [[:en:Samuel_Ediau|Samuel Edeau]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Musa Ecweru]] * [[:en:Fred_Jalameso|Fred Jalameso]] * [[:en:Benson_Lugwar|Benson Lugwar]] * [[:en:Denis_Obua_(politician)|Denis Obua (munnabyabufuzi)]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kagabo, Twaha}} [[Category:Abasawo mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] mrpm9jtbdbhkf013qth2q1rypqlmcd2 63628 63627 2026-07-18T19:51:07Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Twaha Kagabo''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo era munnabyabufuzi eyaliko omubaka wa Paalamenti owa Konsityuwensi y'e Bukoto ey'Obukiikaddyo mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Lwengo]] okuva mu 2021 okutuuka mu 2026. Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2023-03-08 |title=News: KNOW YOUR MP: Twaha Kagabo |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-NV_155457_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2025-07-27 |title=Twaha Kagabo Announces Independent Bid After Losing NRM Primaries |url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=Muyanja-Mbabaali out to rid ghosts from past |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/muyanja-mbabaali-out-to-rid-ghosts-from-past-5131818 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Buregeya |first=Dismus |date=2025-07-19 |title=Politics: NRM Primaries: Kagabo ready to campaign for Mbabali in Bukoto South |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/nrm-primaries-kagabo-ready-to-campaign-for-mb-NV_214812_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Kagabo yawangula ekifo kya paalamenti owa Bukoto South mu kalulu ka bona aka 2021 nga yeesimbawo mu kibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]], n’awangula eyali mu ntebe.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|title=Know Your MP: Twaha Kagabo|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-martyrs/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-155457|access-date=1 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref> Ng’okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 tekunnabaawo, Kagabo yava mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform n’asaba okwegatta ku kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ku kifo kye kimu. Mu kulundwa kwa NRM primary yawangulwa eyali omubaka [[:en:Muyanja_Mbabaali|Muyanja Mbabaali]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=Twaha Kagabo announces independent bid after losing NRM primaries|url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/|access-date=1 March 2026|work=ChimpReports}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kalulu k'ekibiina, Kagabo yalangirira nti agenda kuvuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti kubwa namunigina, ng'alumiriza nti waliwo obutaali bwenkanya mu nkola y'okulonda okwo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /> Era kigambibwa nti yakwatagana n’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda (PLU), ekibiina ekikuba amaaso mu byobufuzi ekikwatagana ne General [[:en:Muhoozi_Kainerugaba|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]], wadde nga oluvannyuma yatangaaza ennyiriri ze mu byobufuzi mu kiseera ky’okulonda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=MP Kagabo signed with PLU but left looking for party to bank on|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/192363/mp-kagabo-signed-with-plu-but-left-looking-for-party-to-bank-on|access-date=1 March 2026|work=Nile Post}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okw'omwezi Omubereberye 2026, Kagabo yafiirwa ekifo kya paalamenti ekya [[:en:Bukoto|Bukoto]] South.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Kazooba |first=Lawrence |date=2026-02-13 |title=Dr Twaha Kagabo Suspends Free Medical Services in Bukoto South After Losing Parliamentary Seat |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20260213/188609/dr-twaha-kagabo-suspends-free-medical-services-in-bukoto-south-after-losing-parliamentary-seat.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ensibuko y’obusawo n’emirimu gy’omukitundu == Kagabo musawo mutendeke.<ref name=":0" /> Mu kiseera kye [[:en:Member_of_parliament|ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti]], yategeka era n’avigirira enkambi z’obujanjabi obw'obwereere n’okulongoosa abatuuze mu Bukoto South Constituency.<ref name=":4" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa ekifo kye mu paalamenti mu 2026, Kagabo yalangirira okuyimiriza obujjanjabi obw'obwereere, ng'awa ensonga y'okufiirwa ssente za paalamenti ezaali ziyambye okuyimirizaawo enteekateeka zino.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssengendo |first=Zainab Namusaazi |title=KCCA councilor announces plan to unseat PLU's Twaha Kagabo in Lwengo |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/206568/kcca-councilor-announces-plan-to-unseat-plu's-twaha-kagabo-in-lwengo |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Muyanja Mbabaali]] * [[Musa Ecweru|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] * [[:en:Samuel_Ediau|Samuel Edeau]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Musa Ecweru]] * [[:en:Fred_Jalameso|Fred Jalameso]] * [[:en:Benson_Lugwar|Benson Lugwar]] * [[:en:Denis_Obua_(politician)|Denis Obua (munnabyabufuzi)]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kagabo, Twaha}} [[Category:Abasawo mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] f1jz9g4dzx2drjfmdg0wbwqi8ucsrm6 63629 63628 2026-07-18T19:52:42Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Twaha Kagabo''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo era munnabyabufuzi eyaliko omubaka wa Paalamenti owa Konsityuwensi y'e Bukoto ey'Obukiikaddyo mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Lwengo]] okuva mu 2021 okutuuka mu 2026. Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2023-03-08 |title=News: KNOW YOUR MP: Twaha Kagabo |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-NV_155457_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2025-07-27 |title=Twaha Kagabo Announces Independent Bid After Losing NRM Primaries |url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=Muyanja-Mbabaali out to rid ghosts from past |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/muyanja-mbabaali-out-to-rid-ghosts-from-past-5131818 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Buregeya |first=Dismus |date=2025-07-19 |title=Politics: NRM Primaries: Kagabo ready to campaign for Mbabali in Bukoto South |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/nrm-primaries-kagabo-ready-to-campaign-for-mb-NV_214812_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Kagabo yawangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti owa Bukoto ey'Obukiikaddyo mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 nga yeesimbawo ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]], n’awangula eyali mu ntebe.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|title=Know Your MP: Twaha Kagabo|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-martyrs/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-155457|access-date=1 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref> Ng’okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 tekunnabaawo, Kagabo yava mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform n’asaba okwegatta ku kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ku kifo kye kimu. Mu kulundwa kwa NRM primary yawangulwa eyali omubaka [[:en:Muyanja_Mbabaali|Muyanja Mbabaali]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=Twaha Kagabo announces independent bid after losing NRM primaries|url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/|access-date=1 March 2026|work=ChimpReports}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kalulu k'ekibiina, Kagabo yalangirira nti agenda kuvuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti kubwa namunigina, ng'alumiriza nti waliwo obutaali bwenkanya mu nkola y'okulonda okwo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /> Era kigambibwa nti yakwatagana n’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda (PLU), ekibiina ekikuba amaaso mu byobufuzi ekikwatagana ne General [[:en:Muhoozi_Kainerugaba|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]], wadde nga oluvannyuma yatangaaza ennyiriri ze mu byobufuzi mu kiseera ky’okulonda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=MP Kagabo signed with PLU but left looking for party to bank on|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/192363/mp-kagabo-signed-with-plu-but-left-looking-for-party-to-bank-on|access-date=1 March 2026|work=Nile Post}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okw'omwezi Omubereberye 2026, Kagabo yafiirwa ekifo kya paalamenti ekya [[:en:Bukoto|Bukoto]] South.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Kazooba |first=Lawrence |date=2026-02-13 |title=Dr Twaha Kagabo Suspends Free Medical Services in Bukoto South After Losing Parliamentary Seat |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20260213/188609/dr-twaha-kagabo-suspends-free-medical-services-in-bukoto-south-after-losing-parliamentary-seat.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ensibuko y’obusawo n’emirimu gy’omukitundu == Kagabo musawo mutendeke.<ref name=":0" /> Mu kiseera kye [[:en:Member_of_parliament|ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti]], yategeka era n’avigirira enkambi z’obujanjabi obw'obwereere n’okulongoosa abatuuze mu Bukoto South Constituency.<ref name=":4" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa ekifo kye mu paalamenti mu 2026, Kagabo yalangirira okuyimiriza obujjanjabi obw'obwereere, ng'awa ensonga y'okufiirwa ssente za paalamenti ezaali ziyambye okuyimirizaawo enteekateeka zino.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssengendo |first=Zainab Namusaazi |title=KCCA councilor announces plan to unseat PLU's Twaha Kagabo in Lwengo |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/206568/kcca-councilor-announces-plan-to-unseat-plu's-twaha-kagabo-in-lwengo |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Muyanja Mbabaali]] * [[Musa Ecweru|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] * [[:en:Samuel_Ediau|Samuel Edeau]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Musa Ecweru]] * [[:en:Fred_Jalameso|Fred Jalameso]] * [[:en:Benson_Lugwar|Benson Lugwar]] * [[:en:Denis_Obua_(politician)|Denis Obua (munnabyabufuzi)]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kagabo, Twaha}} [[Category:Abasawo mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] r6itv5m66vt3nde41d70vrvtoeykc8n 63630 63629 2026-07-18T19:58:41Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Twaha Kagabo''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo era munnabyabufuzi eyaliko omubaka wa Paalamenti owa Konsityuwensi y'e Bukoto ey'Obukiikaddyo mu [[Disitulikiti y’e Lwengo]] okuva mu 2021 okutuuka mu 2026. Yalondebwa mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]] (NUP).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2023-03-08 |title=News: KNOW YOUR MP: Twaha Kagabo |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-NV_155457_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2025-07-27 |title=Twaha Kagabo Announces Independent Bid After Losing NRM Primaries |url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=Muyanja-Mbabaali out to rid ghosts from past |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/muyanja-mbabaali-out-to-rid-ghosts-from-past-5131818 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Buregeya |first=Dismus |date=2025-07-19 |title=Politics: NRM Primaries: Kagabo ready to campaign for Mbabali in Bukoto South |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/nrm-primaries-kagabo-ready-to-campaign-for-mb-NV_214812_022026 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Kagabo yawangula ekifo ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti owa Bukoto ey'Obukiikaddyo mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 nga yeesimbawo ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]], n’awangula eyali mu ntebe.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|title=Know Your MP: Twaha Kagabo|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/uganda-martyrs/know-your-mp-twaha-kagabo-155457|access-date=1 March 2026|work=New Vision}}</ref> Ng’okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026 tekunnabaawo, Kagabo yava mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform n’asaba okwegatta ku kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ku kifo kye kimu. Mu kalulu k'ekibiina kya NRM yawangulwa eyali omubaka Muyanja Mbabaali.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=Twaha Kagabo announces independent bid after losing NRM primaries|url=https://chimpreports.com/twaha-kagabo-announces-independent-bid-after-losing-nrm-primaries/|access-date=1 March 2026|work=ChimpReports}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kalulu k'ekibiina, Kagabo yalangirira nti agenda kuvuganya ku kifo ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti kubwa namunigina, ng'alumiriza nti waliwo obutaali bw'enkanya mu nkola y'okulonda okwo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /> Era kigambibwa nti yakwatagana n’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda (PLU), ekibiina ekikuba amaaso mu byobufuzi ekikwatagana ne General [[:en:Muhoozi_Kainerugaba|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]], wadde nga oluvannyuma yatangaaza ennyiriri ze mu byobufuzi mu kiseera ky’okulonda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=MP Kagabo signed with PLU but left looking for party to bank on|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/192363/mp-kagabo-signed-with-plu-but-left-looking-for-party-to-bank-on|access-date=1 March 2026|work=Nile Post}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okw'omwezi Omubereberye 2026, Kagabo yafiirwa ekifo kya paalamenti ekya [[:en:Bukoto|Bukoto]] South.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Kazooba |first=Lawrence |date=2026-02-13 |title=Dr Twaha Kagabo Suspends Free Medical Services in Bukoto South After Losing Parliamentary Seat |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20260213/188609/dr-twaha-kagabo-suspends-free-medical-services-in-bukoto-south-after-losing-parliamentary-seat.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ensibuko y’obusawo n’emirimu gy’omukitundu == Kagabo musawo mutendeke.<ref name=":0" /> Mu kiseera kye [[:en:Member_of_parliament|ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti]], yategeka era n’avigirira enkambi z’obujanjabi obw'obwereere n’okulongoosa abatuuze mu Bukoto South Constituency.<ref name=":4" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa ekifo kye mu paalamenti mu 2026, Kagabo yalangirira okuyimiriza obujjanjabi obw'obwereere, ng'awa ensonga y'okufiirwa ssente za paalamenti ezaali ziyambye okuyimirizaawo enteekateeka zino.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssengendo |first=Zainab Namusaazi |title=KCCA councilor announces plan to unseat PLU's Twaha Kagabo in Lwengo |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/politics/206568/kcca-councilor-announces-plan-to-unseat-plu's-twaha-kagabo-in-lwengo |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Muyanja Mbabaali]] * [[Musa Ecweru|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] * [[:en:Samuel_Ediau|Samuel Edeau]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] * [[:en:Musa_Ecweru|Musa Ecweru]] * [[:en:Fred_Jalameso|Fred Jalameso]] * [[:en:Benson_Lugwar|Benson Lugwar]] * [[:en:Denis_Obua_(politician)|Denis Obua (munnabyabufuzi)]] * [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kagabo, Twaha}} [[Category:Abasawo mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 9pvnf50hfp73xum1twq6spdizwohigj 0 13944 63593 53452 2026-07-18T14:34:25Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 63593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Opolot-Okwalinga Simon Peter''' munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda, era omukugu mu nteekateeka z'ebyokwerinda,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Why private security guards in Uganda should be made part of national public security architecture |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> akola ng'omubaka wa Palamenti akiikirira Kanyum County,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImtVR3J0em04NmVpOHIxZW5TUzB0NGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibG8va0hld0l5Q1czQVd3Vk9xclk3Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU4Mzg4ZGMxM2JjOWE4NWVkODgzZDY5ZjY0OTkxNDgwYzg0NWMxYmZkZjIzM2ZlMDFmMzcyZTIzYzI0YmUyZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Kumi District]] . Memba w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement (NRM)]], era mmemba w’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Appoint Muhoozi Vice President – MP Tells Museveni |url=https://ultimatepost.dantty.com/post/7134 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Ultimate Post |language=en}}</ref> ekibiina ky’obwannakyewa ekyatandikibwawo era nga kikulemberwa mutabani wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Genero [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]]. Opolot-Okwalinga yamanyibwa ng’ayita mu mirimu gye mu ku kolagana n’amagye/ebyokwerinda mu nteekateeka n’obuweereza obw'ekikugu eri [[gavumenti ya Uganda]]. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, yafuna obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi bwe yawangula Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]], [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opolot |first=Michael Odeng and Martin |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: FDC's Amuriat loses Kanyum County seat to NRM's Okwalinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/fdcs-amuriat-loses-kanyum-county-seat-to-nrms-NV_226474_052026 |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Era amanyiddwa olw'okuwandiika ekitabo ekimanyiddwa nga "Guardian Ideology." == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Opolot-Okwalinga yazaalibwa Mukongoro mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kumi]], mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo]] okusoma siniya nga tannawandiisibwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences nakuguka mu Sociology. Okusoma kwe okw’okweyongerayo ng'amalirizza diguli kwawagirwa sikaala ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna eziwerako. Mu 2005, yaweebwa sikaala ya Commonwealth wansi w’enteekateeka ya [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship|Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Leeds]] mu [[Bungereza]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri eya Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. Mu kiseera ekyo, yatendekebwa mu by’amagye eby’ekikugu, n’amaliriza omusomo gwa [[Officer Cadet]] mu ttendekero eritendeka abaserikale li [[University Officers Training Corps (UOTC)]] wansi w’ettendekero ly’amagye erya [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] (RMAS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC) |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/support-and-training/our-schools-and-colleges/rma-sandhurst/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The British Army}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuna sikaala okuva mu [[Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Duisburg-Essen]], n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu byenkulaakulana n’enfuga ng’akuguse mu kwekenneenya enkola z’ebyokwerinda.<ref>Sat, Sinan (2010-11-04). [https://www.waz.de/staedte/duisburg/sie-werden-die-elite-ihrer-heimat-id3903126.html "Sie werden die Elite ihrer Heimat"]. ''Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref> == Obukugu bwe n'obuweereza mu magye == Obukugu bwa Opolot-Okwalinga bugatiddwa wamu mu by'okwerinda n’enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Uganda. Yaweereza ku kitebe ky'amagye ga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)]] e Mbuya, naddala mu ofiisi ya Joint Chief of Staff , [[ofiisi y'omukulu w'amagye (CDF)]] ne mu ofiisi y'enjigiriza y'amagye eya Commander Military Doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/defence-doctrine/center-for-doctrine/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuuka wattutumu bweyali ow'ebyekikugu ng’aweereza ng’Omuyambi w’omugenzi [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda Nyakairima]], mu biseera ng’akulira amagye era nga Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda]] okw’amangu, Opolot-Okwalinga yagenda mu maaso n’obumanyirivu bwe mu by’okuddukanya emirimu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda ng’omukungu omukulu ow’okunoonyereza era omuwabuzi w’enkola eri minisita mu kiseera ekyo,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=List of Participants: International Dialogue on Migration 2019 |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/our_work/ICP/IDM/2019_IDM/idm2019listofparticipants.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=International Organization for Migration (IOM)}}</ref> era yaweereza mu kitongole ekya [[Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti (IGG)]] wansi w’omulembe gw'Omulamuzi [[Faith Mwondha]], nga kino kiraga engeri gyali omunywevu mu kulwanyisa enguzi n'obukenuzi okuggwerwawo ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=FULL LIST: MPs who signed censure motion |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-list-mps-who-signed-censure-motion-4657682 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |title=MPs question salary disparities in UPDF, puzzled with huge salaries of Generals who do "nothing" |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/153398/mps-question-salary-disparities-in-updf-puzzled-with-huge-salaries-of-generals-who-do-nothing |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Mu 2014, yawandiika era n'atongoza akatabo akayitibwa "Guardian Ideology" okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ng'ekakasa nti obukulembeze bulina okukola ng'engeri y'okulabirira oba "okukuuma." Endowooza eno yatuuka n'okuleetera abawagizi be okumujuliza n'erinnya Edaran Lo'Itunga ("Omukuumi w'abantu"). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu, yafuuka omujjumbize mu kulondoola amateeka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |title=Defence ministry seeks Shs2.5bn to provide security to EACOP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/185588/defence-ministry-seeks-shs25bn-to-provide-security-to-eacop |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yaweereza ku bukiiko obuwerako, omuli akakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Membership of the Committee on National Economy (January 2024 – May 2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20NATIONAL%20ECONOMY%20%20%5BJANUARY%202024%20-%20MAY%202026%5D.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’ebyokwerinda n’ensonga z’omunda,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Membership of the Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs (2023–2024) |url=https://ftp.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2023-08/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20DEFENCE%20AND%20INTERNAL%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20%282023-2024%29_0.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu, n’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga za Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=Membership of the Committee on Presidential Affairs |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20PRESIDENTIAL%20AFFAIRS.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Mu lutuula lwa kakiiko mu Gwokuna 2026, Opolot yasasamaza bannamawulire b'emikutu gy’eggwanga bwe yasemba addukanya amaka g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, Jane Barekye awe amagezi omukulembeze w’eggwanga [[Yoweri Museveni]] aludde ng’aweereza, alonde mutabani we era Omukulu w’amagye ga Uganda, [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba|Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] ng’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu kabineti enajja. Ekiteeso kino kyawagirwa mmemba omukulu owa Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU) Hon Twalla Fadil eyaliwo kyokka abalondoola ebyobufuzi n'abekennenya ensonga baakitunuulira ng'emmanduso ya "Muhoozi Project",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=The 'Muhoozi Project' |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-muhoozi-project/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pearltimes.co.ug/muhoozi-project-final-phase-heres-what-it-would-mean-if-museveni-appointed-muhoozi-vice-president/ "Muhoozi Project final phase"]. ''Pearl Times''. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> enteekateeka erii okusika omuguwa ey'okusikiza Genero Muhoozi atwale obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23029129 "Uganda's Muhoozi Kainerugaba denies 'monarchy' plan"]. ''BBC News''. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> Enteekateeka eno yasooka kwogerwako Genero David Sejusa mu 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=Flashback: When Gen Sejusa was a madman and 'Muhoozi Project' a myth |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/flashback-when-gen-sejusa-was-a-madman-and-muhoozi-project-a-myth-5133214 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Opolot-Okwalinga yasigaza ekifo kye mu Kanyum County, n'awangula [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>Ojore, Godfrey (2026-01-19). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/teso-voters-punish-underperformers-as-nrm-rec-NV_226494_052026 "Ugandaelections2026: Teso voters punish 'underperformers' as NRM reclaims ground, over 10 incumbents fall"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssentongo |first=Edrisa |title=NRM's Okwalinga Defeats FDC President Amuriat in Kanyum County Race |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314767/nrms-okwalinga-defeats-fdc-president-amuriat-in-kanyum-county-race |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-24 |title=FDC President Amuriat Finishes Fourth in Kanyum MP Race |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdc-president-amuriat-finishes-fourth-in-kanyum-mp-race/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwalagibwa bannamawulire ab'eggwanga lyonna n'ab'ekitundu ekyo, ng'ekizibu eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi olw'ekifo kya Amuriat ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya era n'olw'ebyafaayo bya Teso ng'ekifo ekikulu eky'oludda oluvuganya naddala Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC Captures MP Seats from Teso |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/fdc-captures-mp-seats-from-teso |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} ld2j5yfbdrneegtd25bhya5r8rm1p1m 63594 63593 2026-07-18T14:37:13Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Opolot-Okwalinga Simon Peter''' munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]], era omukugu mu nteekateeka z'ebyokwerinda,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Why private security guards in Uganda should be made part of national public security architecture |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Kanyum,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImtVR3J0em04NmVpOHIxZW5TUzB0NGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibG8va0hld0l5Q1czQVd3Vk9xclk3Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU4Mzg4ZGMxM2JjOWE4NWVkODgzZDY5ZjY0OTkxNDgwYzg0NWMxYmZkZjIzM2ZlMDFmMzcyZTIzYzI0YmUyZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] . Mmemba w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement (NRM)]], era mmemba w’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Appoint Muhoozi Vice President – MP Tells Museveni |url=https://ultimatepost.dantty.com/post/7134 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Ultimate Post |language=en}}</ref> ekibiina ky’obwannakyewa ekyatandikibwawo era nga kikulemberwa mutabani wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Genero [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]]. Opolot-Okwalinga yamanyibwa ng’ayita mu mirimu gye mu kukolagana n’amagye/eby'okwerinda mu nteekateeka n’obuweereza obw'ekikugu eri [[gavumenti ya Uganda]]. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, yafuna obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi bwe yawangula Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]], [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opolot |first=Michael Odeng and Martin |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: FDC's Amuriat loses Kanyum County seat to NRM's Okwalinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/fdcs-amuriat-loses-kanyum-county-seat-to-nrms-NV_226474_052026 |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Era amanyiddwa olw'okuwandiika ekitabo ekimanyiddwa nga "Guardian Ideology." == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Opolot-Okwalinga yazaalibwa Mukongoro mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kumi]], mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo]] okusoma siniya nga tannawandiisibwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences nakuguka mu Sociology. Okusoma kwe okw’okweyongerayo ng'amalirizza diguli kwawagirwa sikaala ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna eziwerako. Mu 2005, yaweebwa sikaala ya Commonwealth wansi w’enteekateeka ya [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship|Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Leeds]] mu [[Bungereza]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri eya Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. Mu kiseera ekyo, yatendekebwa mu by’amagye eby’ekikugu, n’amaliriza omusomo gwa [[Officer Cadet]] mu ttendekero eritendeka abaserikale li [[University Officers Training Corps (UOTC)]] wansi w’ettendekero ly’amagye erya [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] (RMAS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC) |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/support-and-training/our-schools-and-colleges/rma-sandhurst/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The British Army}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuna sikaala okuva mu [[Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Duisburg-Essen]], n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu byenkulaakulana n’enfuga ng’akuguse mu kwekenneenya enkola z’ebyokwerinda.<ref>Sat, Sinan (2010-11-04). [https://www.waz.de/staedte/duisburg/sie-werden-die-elite-ihrer-heimat-id3903126.html "Sie werden die Elite ihrer Heimat"]. ''Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref> == Obukugu bwe n'obuweereza mu magye == Obukugu bwa Opolot-Okwalinga bugatiddwa wamu mu by'okwerinda n’enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Uganda. Yaweereza ku kitebe ky'amagye ga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)]] e Mbuya, naddala mu ofiisi ya Joint Chief of Staff , [[ofiisi y'omukulu w'amagye (CDF)]] ne mu ofiisi y'enjigiriza y'amagye eya Commander Military Doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/defence-doctrine/center-for-doctrine/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuuka wattutumu bweyali ow'ebyekikugu ng’aweereza ng’Omuyambi w’omugenzi [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda Nyakairima]], mu biseera ng’akulira amagye era nga Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda]] okw’amangu, Opolot-Okwalinga yagenda mu maaso n’obumanyirivu bwe mu by’okuddukanya emirimu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda ng’omukungu omukulu ow’okunoonyereza era omuwabuzi w’enkola eri minisita mu kiseera ekyo,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=List of Participants: International Dialogue on Migration 2019 |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/our_work/ICP/IDM/2019_IDM/idm2019listofparticipants.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=International Organization for Migration (IOM)}}</ref> era yaweereza mu kitongole ekya [[Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti (IGG)]] wansi w’omulembe gw'Omulamuzi [[Faith Mwondha]], nga kino kiraga engeri gyali omunywevu mu kulwanyisa enguzi n'obukenuzi okuggwerwawo ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=FULL LIST: MPs who signed censure motion |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-list-mps-who-signed-censure-motion-4657682 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |title=MPs question salary disparities in UPDF, puzzled with huge salaries of Generals who do "nothing" |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/153398/mps-question-salary-disparities-in-updf-puzzled-with-huge-salaries-of-generals-who-do-nothing |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Mu 2014, yawandiika era n'atongoza akatabo akayitibwa "Guardian Ideology" okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ng'ekakasa nti obukulembeze bulina okukola ng'engeri y'okulabirira oba "okukuuma." Endowooza eno yatuuka n'okuleetera abawagizi be okumujuliza n'erinnya Edaran Lo'Itunga ("Omukuumi w'abantu"). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu, yafuuka omujjumbize mu kulondoola amateeka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |title=Defence ministry seeks Shs2.5bn to provide security to EACOP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/185588/defence-ministry-seeks-shs25bn-to-provide-security-to-eacop |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yaweereza ku bukiiko obuwerako, omuli akakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Membership of the Committee on National Economy (January 2024 – May 2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20NATIONAL%20ECONOMY%20%20%5BJANUARY%202024%20-%20MAY%202026%5D.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’ebyokwerinda n’ensonga z’omunda,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Membership of the Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs (2023–2024) |url=https://ftp.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2023-08/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20DEFENCE%20AND%20INTERNAL%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20%282023-2024%29_0.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu, n’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga za Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=Membership of the Committee on Presidential Affairs |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20PRESIDENTIAL%20AFFAIRS.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Mu lutuula lwa kakiiko mu Gwokuna 2026, Opolot yasasamaza bannamawulire b'emikutu gy’eggwanga bwe yasemba addukanya amaka g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, Jane Barekye awe amagezi omukulembeze w’eggwanga [[Yoweri Museveni]] aludde ng’aweereza, alonde mutabani we era Omukulu w’amagye ga Uganda, [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba|Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] ng’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu kabineti enajja. Ekiteeso kino kyawagirwa mmemba omukulu owa Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU) Hon Twalla Fadil eyaliwo kyokka abalondoola ebyobufuzi n'abekennenya ensonga baakitunuulira ng'emmanduso ya "Muhoozi Project",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=The 'Muhoozi Project' |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-muhoozi-project/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pearltimes.co.ug/muhoozi-project-final-phase-heres-what-it-would-mean-if-museveni-appointed-muhoozi-vice-president/ "Muhoozi Project final phase"]. ''Pearl Times''. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> enteekateeka erii okusika omuguwa ey'okusikiza Genero Muhoozi atwale obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23029129 "Uganda's Muhoozi Kainerugaba denies 'monarchy' plan"]. ''BBC News''. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> Enteekateeka eno yasooka kwogerwako Genero David Sejusa mu 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=Flashback: When Gen Sejusa was a madman and 'Muhoozi Project' a myth |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/flashback-when-gen-sejusa-was-a-madman-and-muhoozi-project-a-myth-5133214 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Opolot-Okwalinga yasigaza ekifo kye mu Kanyum County, n'awangula [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>Ojore, Godfrey (2026-01-19). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/teso-voters-punish-underperformers-as-nrm-rec-NV_226494_052026 "Ugandaelections2026: Teso voters punish 'underperformers' as NRM reclaims ground, over 10 incumbents fall"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssentongo |first=Edrisa |title=NRM's Okwalinga Defeats FDC President Amuriat in Kanyum County Race |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314767/nrms-okwalinga-defeats-fdc-president-amuriat-in-kanyum-county-race |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-24 |title=FDC President Amuriat Finishes Fourth in Kanyum MP Race |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdc-president-amuriat-finishes-fourth-in-kanyum-mp-race/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwalagibwa bannamawulire ab'eggwanga lyonna n'ab'ekitundu ekyo, ng'ekizibu eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi olw'ekifo kya Amuriat ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya era n'olw'ebyafaayo bya Teso ng'ekifo ekikulu eky'oludda oluvuganya naddala Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC Captures MP Seats from Teso |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/fdc-captures-mp-seats-from-teso |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} q1wmhr70xwla0i1l7bd2arhtvijc33l 63595 63594 2026-07-18T14:38:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ettuluba 63595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Opolot-Okwalinga Simon Peter''' munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]], era omukugu mu nteekateeka z'ebyokwerinda,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Why private security guards in Uganda should be made part of national public security architecture |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Kanyum,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImtVR3J0em04NmVpOHIxZW5TUzB0NGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibG8va0hld0l5Q1czQVd3Vk9xclk3Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU4Mzg4ZGMxM2JjOWE4NWVkODgzZDY5ZjY0OTkxNDgwYzg0NWMxYmZkZjIzM2ZlMDFmMzcyZTIzYzI0YmUyZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] . Mmemba w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement (NRM)]], era mmemba w’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Appoint Muhoozi Vice President – MP Tells Museveni |url=https://ultimatepost.dantty.com/post/7134 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Ultimate Post |language=en}}</ref> ekibiina ky’obwannakyewa ekyatandikibwawo era nga kikulemberwa mutabani wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Genero [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]]. Opolot-Okwalinga yamanyibwa ng’ayita mu mirimu gye mu kukolagana n’amagye/eby'okwerinda mu nteekateeka n’obuweereza obw'ekikugu eri [[gavumenti ya Uganda]]. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, yafuna obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi bwe yawangula Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]], [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opolot |first=Michael Odeng and Martin |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: FDC's Amuriat loses Kanyum County seat to NRM's Okwalinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/fdcs-amuriat-loses-kanyum-county-seat-to-nrms-NV_226474_052026 |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Era amanyiddwa olw'okuwandiika ekitabo ekimanyiddwa nga "Guardian Ideology." == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Opolot-Okwalinga yazaalibwa Mukongoro mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kumi]], mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo]] okusoma siniya nga tannawandiisibwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences nakuguka mu Sociology. Okusoma kwe okw’okweyongerayo ng'amalirizza diguli kwawagirwa sikaala ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna eziwerako. Mu 2005, yaweebwa sikaala ya Commonwealth wansi w’enteekateeka ya [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship|Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Leeds]] mu [[Bungereza]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri eya Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. Mu kiseera ekyo, yatendekebwa mu by’amagye eby’ekikugu, n’amaliriza omusomo gwa [[Officer Cadet]] mu ttendekero eritendeka abaserikale li [[University Officers Training Corps (UOTC)]] wansi w’ettendekero ly’amagye erya [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] (RMAS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC) |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/support-and-training/our-schools-and-colleges/rma-sandhurst/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The British Army}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuna sikaala okuva mu [[Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Duisburg-Essen]], n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu byenkulaakulana n’enfuga ng’akuguse mu kwekenneenya enkola z’ebyokwerinda.<ref>Sat, Sinan (2010-11-04). [https://www.waz.de/staedte/duisburg/sie-werden-die-elite-ihrer-heimat-id3903126.html "Sie werden die Elite ihrer Heimat"]. ''Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref> == Obukugu bwe n'obuweereza mu magye == Obukugu bwa Opolot-Okwalinga bugatiddwa wamu mu by'okwerinda n’enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Uganda. Yaweereza ku kitebe ky'amagye ga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)]] e Mbuya, naddala mu ofiisi ya Joint Chief of Staff , [[ofiisi y'omukulu w'amagye (CDF)]] ne mu ofiisi y'enjigiriza y'amagye eya Commander Military Doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/defence-doctrine/center-for-doctrine/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuuka wattutumu bweyali ow'ebyekikugu ng’aweereza ng’Omuyambi w’omugenzi [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda Nyakairima]], mu biseera ng’akulira amagye era nga Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda]] okw’amangu, Opolot-Okwalinga yagenda mu maaso n’obumanyirivu bwe mu by’okuddukanya emirimu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda ng’omukungu omukulu ow’okunoonyereza era omuwabuzi w’enkola eri minisita mu kiseera ekyo,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=List of Participants: International Dialogue on Migration 2019 |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/our_work/ICP/IDM/2019_IDM/idm2019listofparticipants.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=International Organization for Migration (IOM)}}</ref> era yaweereza mu kitongole ekya [[Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti (IGG)]] wansi w’omulembe gw'Omulamuzi [[Faith Mwondha]], nga kino kiraga engeri gyali omunywevu mu kulwanyisa enguzi n'obukenuzi okuggwerwawo ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=FULL LIST: MPs who signed censure motion |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-list-mps-who-signed-censure-motion-4657682 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |title=MPs question salary disparities in UPDF, puzzled with huge salaries of Generals who do "nothing" |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/153398/mps-question-salary-disparities-in-updf-puzzled-with-huge-salaries-of-generals-who-do-nothing |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Mu 2014, yawandiika era n'atongoza akatabo akayitibwa "Guardian Ideology" okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ng'ekakasa nti obukulembeze bulina okukola ng'engeri y'okulabirira oba "okukuuma." Endowooza eno yatuuka n'okuleetera abawagizi be okumujuliza n'erinnya Edaran Lo'Itunga ("Omukuumi w'abantu"). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu, yafuuka omujjumbize mu kulondoola amateeka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |title=Defence ministry seeks Shs2.5bn to provide security to EACOP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/185588/defence-ministry-seeks-shs25bn-to-provide-security-to-eacop |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yaweereza ku bukiiko obuwerako, omuli akakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Membership of the Committee on National Economy (January 2024 – May 2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20NATIONAL%20ECONOMY%20%20%5BJANUARY%202024%20-%20MAY%202026%5D.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’ebyokwerinda n’ensonga z’omunda,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Membership of the Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs (2023–2024) |url=https://ftp.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2023-08/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20DEFENCE%20AND%20INTERNAL%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20%282023-2024%29_0.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu, n’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga za Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=Membership of the Committee on Presidential Affairs |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20PRESIDENTIAL%20AFFAIRS.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Mu lutuula lwa kakiiko mu Gwokuna 2026, Opolot yasasamaza bannamawulire b'emikutu gy’eggwanga bwe yasemba addukanya amaka g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, Jane Barekye awe amagezi omukulembeze w’eggwanga [[Yoweri Museveni]] aludde ng’aweereza, alonde mutabani we era Omukulu w’amagye ga Uganda, [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba|Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] ng’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu kabineti enajja. Ekiteeso kino kyawagirwa mmemba omukulu owa Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU) Hon Twalla Fadil eyaliwo kyokka abalondoola ebyobufuzi n'abekennenya ensonga baakitunuulira ng'emmanduso ya "Muhoozi Project",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=The 'Muhoozi Project' |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-muhoozi-project/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pearltimes.co.ug/muhoozi-project-final-phase-heres-what-it-would-mean-if-museveni-appointed-muhoozi-vice-president/ "Muhoozi Project final phase"]. ''Pearl Times''. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> enteekateeka erii okusika omuguwa ey'okusikiza Genero Muhoozi atwale obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23029129 "Uganda's Muhoozi Kainerugaba denies 'monarchy' plan"]. ''BBC News''. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> Enteekateeka eno yasooka kwogerwako Genero David Sejusa mu 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=Flashback: When Gen Sejusa was a madman and 'Muhoozi Project' a myth |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/flashback-when-gen-sejusa-was-a-madman-and-muhoozi-project-a-myth-5133214 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Opolot-Okwalinga yasigaza ekifo kye mu Kanyum County, n'awangula [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>Ojore, Godfrey (2026-01-19). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/teso-voters-punish-underperformers-as-nrm-rec-NV_226494_052026 "Ugandaelections2026: Teso voters punish 'underperformers' as NRM reclaims ground, over 10 incumbents fall"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssentongo |first=Edrisa |title=NRM's Okwalinga Defeats FDC President Amuriat in Kanyum County Race |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314767/nrms-okwalinga-defeats-fdc-president-amuriat-in-kanyum-county-race |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-24 |title=FDC President Amuriat Finishes Fourth in Kanyum MP Race |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdc-president-amuriat-finishes-fourth-in-kanyum-mp-race/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwalagibwa bannamawulire ab'eggwanga lyonna n'ab'ekitundu ekyo, ng'ekizibu eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi olw'ekifo kya Amuriat ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya era n'olw'ebyafaayo bya Teso ng'ekifo ekikulu eky'oludda oluvuganya naddala Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC Captures MP Seats from Teso |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/fdc-captures-mp-seats-from-teso |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] j0lhzfprhitctui0utx247okp4j4d49 63596 63595 2026-07-18T14:39:40Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Opolot-Okwalinga Simon Peter''' munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]], era omukugu mu nteekateeka z'ebyokwerinda,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Why private security guards in Uganda should be made part of national public security architecture |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Kanyum,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImtVR3J0em04NmVpOHIxZW5TUzB0NGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibG8va0hld0l5Q1czQVd3Vk9xclk3Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU4Mzg4ZGMxM2JjOWE4NWVkODgzZDY5ZjY0OTkxNDgwYzg0NWMxYmZkZjIzM2ZlMDFmMzcyZTIzYzI0YmUyZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] . Mmemba w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement (NRM)]], era mmemba w’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Appoint Muhoozi Vice President – MP Tells Museveni |url=https://ultimatepost.dantty.com/post/7134 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Ultimate Post |language=en}}</ref> ekibiina ky’obwannakyewa ekyatandikibwawo era nga kikulemberwa mutabani wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Genero [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]]. Opolot-Okwalinga yamanyibwa ng’ayita mu mirimu gye mu kukolagana n’amagye/eby'okwerinda mu nteekateeka n’obuweereza obw'ekikugu eri [[gavumenti ya Uganda]]. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, yafuna obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi bwe yawangula Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]], [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opolot |first=Michael Odeng and Martin |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: FDC's Amuriat loses Kanyum County seat to NRM's Okwalinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/fdcs-amuriat-loses-kanyum-county-seat-to-nrms-NV_226474_052026 |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Era amanyiddwa olw'okuwandiika ekitabo ekimanyiddwa nga "Guardian Ideology." == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Opolot-Okwalinga yazaalibwa Mukongoro mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kumi]], mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo]] okusoma siniya nga tannawandiisibwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences nakuguka mu Sociology. Okusoma kwe okw’okweyongerayo ng'amalirizza diguli kwawagirwa sikaala ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna eziwerako. Mu 2005, yaweebwa sikaala ya Commonwealth wansi w’enteekateeka ya [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship|Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Leeds]] mu [[Bungereza]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri eya Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. Mu kiseera ekyo, yatendekebwa mu by’amagye eby’ekikugu, n’amaliriza omusomo gwa [[Officer Cadet]] mu ttendekero eritendeka abaserikale li [[University Officers Training Corps (UOTC)]] wansi w’ettendekero ly’amagye erya [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] (RMAS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC) |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/support-and-training/our-schools-and-colleges/rma-sandhurst/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The British Army}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuna sikaala okuva mu [[Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Duisburg-Essen]], n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu byenkulaakulana n’enfuga ng’akuguse mu kwekenneenya enkola z’ebyokwerinda.<ref>Sat, Sinan (2010-11-04). [https://www.waz.de/staedte/duisburg/sie-werden-die-elite-ihrer-heimat-id3903126.html "Sie werden die Elite ihrer Heimat"]. ''Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref> == Obukugu bwe n'obuweereza mu magye == Obukugu bwa Opolot-Okwalinga bugatiddwa wamu mu by'okwerinda n’enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Uganda. Yaweereza ku kitebe ky'amagye ga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)]] e Mbuya, naddala mu ofiisi ya Joint Chief of Staff , [[ofiisi y'omukulu w'amagye (CDF)]] ne mu ofiisi y'enjigiriza y'amagye eya Commander Military Doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/defence-doctrine/center-for-doctrine/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuuka wattutumu bweyali ow'ebyekikugu ng’aweereza ng’Omuyambi w’omugenzi [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda Nyakairima]], mu biseera ng’akulira amagye era nga Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda]] okw’amangu, Opolot-Okwalinga yagenda mu maaso n’obumanyirivu bwe mu by’okuddukanya emirimu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda ng’omukungu omukulu ow’okunoonyereza era omuwabuzi w’enkola eri minisita mu kiseera ekyo,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=List of Participants: International Dialogue on Migration 2019 |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/our_work/ICP/IDM/2019_IDM/idm2019listofparticipants.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=International Organization for Migration (IOM)}}</ref> era yaweereza mu kitongole ekya [[Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti (IGG)]] wansi w’omulembe gw'Omulamuzi [[Faith Mwondha]], nga kino kiraga engeri gyali omunywevu mu kulwanyisa enguzi n'obukenuzi okuggwerwawo ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=FULL LIST: MPs who signed censure motion |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-list-mps-who-signed-censure-motion-4657682 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |title=MPs question salary disparities in UPDF, puzzled with huge salaries of Generals who do "nothing" |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/153398/mps-question-salary-disparities-in-updf-puzzled-with-huge-salaries-of-generals-who-do-nothing |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Mu 2014, yawandiika era n'atongoza akatabo akayitibwa "Guardian Ideology" okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ng'ekakasa nti obukulembeze bulina okukola ng'engeri y'okulabirira oba "okukuuma." Endowooza eno yatuuka n'okuleetera abawagizi be okumujuliza n'erinnya Edaran Lo'Itunga ("Omukuumi w'abantu"). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu, yafuuka omujjumbize mu kulondoola amateeka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |title=Defence ministry seeks Shs2.5bn to provide security to EACOP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/185588/defence-ministry-seeks-shs25bn-to-provide-security-to-eacop |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yaweereza ku bukiiko obuwerako, omuli akakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Membership of the Committee on National Economy (January 2024 – May 2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20NATIONAL%20ECONOMY%20%20%5BJANUARY%202024%20-%20MAY%202026%5D.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’ebyokwerinda n’ensonga z’omunda,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Membership of the Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs (2023–2024) |url=https://ftp.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2023-08/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20DEFENCE%20AND%20INTERNAL%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20%282023-2024%29_0.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu, n’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga za Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=Membership of the Committee on Presidential Affairs |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20PRESIDENTIAL%20AFFAIRS.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Mu lutuula lwa kakiiko mu Gwokuna 2026, Opolot yasasamaza bannamawulire b'emikutu gy’eggwanga bwe yasemba addukanya amaka g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, Jane Barekye awe amagezi omukulembeze w’eggwanga [[Yoweri Museveni]] aludde ng’aweereza, alonde mutabani we era Omukulu w’amagye ga Uganda, [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba|Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] ng’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu kabineti enajja. Ekiteeso kino kyawagirwa mmemba omukulu owa Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU) Hon Twalla Fadil eyaliwo kyokka abalondoola ebyobufuzi n'abekennenya ensonga baakitunuulira ng'emmanduso ya "Muhoozi Project",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=The 'Muhoozi Project' |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-muhoozi-project/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pearltimes.co.ug/muhoozi-project-final-phase-heres-what-it-would-mean-if-museveni-appointed-muhoozi-vice-president/ "Muhoozi Project final phase"]. ''Pearl Times''. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> enteekateeka erii okusika omuguwa ey'okusikiza Genero Muhoozi atwale obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23029129 "Uganda's Muhoozi Kainerugaba denies 'monarchy' plan"]. ''BBC News''. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> Enteekateeka eno yasooka kwogerwako Genero David Sejusa mu 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=Flashback: When Gen Sejusa was a madman and 'Muhoozi Project' a myth |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/flashback-when-gen-sejusa-was-a-madman-and-muhoozi-project-a-myth-5133214 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Opolot-Okwalinga yasigaza ekifo kye mu Kanyum County, n'awangula [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>Ojore, Godfrey (2026-01-19). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/teso-voters-punish-underperformers-as-nrm-rec-NV_226494_052026 "Ugandaelections2026: Teso voters punish 'underperformers' as NRM reclaims ground, over 10 incumbents fall"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssentongo |first=Edrisa |title=NRM's Okwalinga Defeats FDC President Amuriat in Kanyum County Race |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314767/nrms-okwalinga-defeats-fdc-president-amuriat-in-kanyum-county-race |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-24 |title=FDC President Amuriat Finishes Fourth in Kanyum MP Race |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdc-president-amuriat-finishes-fourth-in-kanyum-mp-race/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwalagibwa bannamawulire ab'eggwanga lyonna n'ab'ekitundu ekyo, ng'ekizibu eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi olw'ekifo kya Amuriat ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya era n'olw'ebyafaayo bya Teso ng'ekifo ekikulu eky'oludda oluvuganya naddala Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC Captures MP Seats from Teso |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/fdc-captures-mp-seats-from-teso |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] 969bqvcb4tfc71fqdzuu7zrdla3ofso 63598 63596 2026-07-18T14:41:57Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Resistance Movement]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Opolot-Okwalinga Simon Peter''' munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]], era omukugu mu nteekateeka z'ebyokwerinda,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Why private security guards in Uganda should be made part of national public security architecture |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Kanyum,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImtVR3J0em04NmVpOHIxZW5TUzB0NGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibG8va0hld0l5Q1czQVd3Vk9xclk3Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU4Mzg4ZGMxM2JjOWE4NWVkODgzZDY5ZjY0OTkxNDgwYzg0NWMxYmZkZjIzM2ZlMDFmMzcyZTIzYzI0YmUyZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] . Mmemba w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement (NRM)]], era mmemba w’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Appoint Muhoozi Vice President – MP Tells Museveni |url=https://ultimatepost.dantty.com/post/7134 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Ultimate Post |language=en}}</ref> ekibiina ky’obwannakyewa ekyatandikibwawo era nga kikulemberwa mutabani wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Genero [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]]. Opolot-Okwalinga yamanyibwa ng’ayita mu mirimu gye mu kukolagana n’amagye/eby'okwerinda mu nteekateeka n’obuweereza obw'ekikugu eri [[gavumenti ya Uganda]]. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, yafuna obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi bwe yawangula Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]], [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opolot |first=Michael Odeng and Martin |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: FDC's Amuriat loses Kanyum County seat to NRM's Okwalinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/fdcs-amuriat-loses-kanyum-county-seat-to-nrms-NV_226474_052026 |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Era amanyiddwa olw'okuwandiika ekitabo ekimanyiddwa nga "Guardian Ideology." == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Opolot-Okwalinga yazaalibwa Mukongoro mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kumi]], mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo]] okusoma siniya nga tannawandiisibwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences nakuguka mu Sociology. Okusoma kwe okw’okweyongerayo ng'amalirizza diguli kwawagirwa sikaala ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna eziwerako. Mu 2005, yaweebwa sikaala ya Commonwealth wansi w’enteekateeka ya [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship|Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Leeds]] mu [[Bungereza]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri eya Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. Mu kiseera ekyo, yatendekebwa mu by’amagye eby’ekikugu, n’amaliriza omusomo gwa [[Officer Cadet]] mu ttendekero eritendeka abaserikale li [[University Officers Training Corps (UOTC)]] wansi w’ettendekero ly’amagye erya [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] (RMAS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC) |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/support-and-training/our-schools-and-colleges/rma-sandhurst/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The British Army}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuna sikaala okuva mu [[Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Duisburg-Essen]], n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu byenkulaakulana n’enfuga ng’akuguse mu kwekenneenya enkola z’ebyokwerinda.<ref>Sat, Sinan (2010-11-04). [https://www.waz.de/staedte/duisburg/sie-werden-die-elite-ihrer-heimat-id3903126.html "Sie werden die Elite ihrer Heimat"]. ''Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref> == Obukugu bwe n'obuweereza mu magye == Obukugu bwa Opolot-Okwalinga bugatiddwa wamu mu by'okwerinda n’enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Uganda. Yaweereza ku kitebe ky'amagye ga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)]] e Mbuya, naddala mu ofiisi ya Joint Chief of Staff , [[ofiisi y'omukulu w'amagye (CDF)]] ne mu ofiisi y'enjigiriza y'amagye eya Commander Military Doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/defence-doctrine/center-for-doctrine/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuuka wattutumu bweyali ow'ebyekikugu ng’aweereza ng’Omuyambi w’omugenzi [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda Nyakairima]], mu biseera ng’akulira amagye era nga Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda]] okw’amangu, Opolot-Okwalinga yagenda mu maaso n’obumanyirivu bwe mu by’okuddukanya emirimu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda ng’omukungu omukulu ow’okunoonyereza era omuwabuzi w’enkola eri minisita mu kiseera ekyo,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=List of Participants: International Dialogue on Migration 2019 |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/our_work/ICP/IDM/2019_IDM/idm2019listofparticipants.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=International Organization for Migration (IOM)}}</ref> era yaweereza mu kitongole ekya [[Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti (IGG)]] wansi w’omulembe gw'Omulamuzi [[Faith Mwondha]], nga kino kiraga engeri gyali omunywevu mu kulwanyisa enguzi n'obukenuzi okuggwerwawo ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=FULL LIST: MPs who signed censure motion |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-list-mps-who-signed-censure-motion-4657682 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |title=MPs question salary disparities in UPDF, puzzled with huge salaries of Generals who do "nothing" |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/153398/mps-question-salary-disparities-in-updf-puzzled-with-huge-salaries-of-generals-who-do-nothing |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Mu 2014, yawandiika era n'atongoza akatabo akayitibwa "Guardian Ideology" okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ng'ekakasa nti obukulembeze bulina okukola ng'engeri y'okulabirira oba "okukuuma." Endowooza eno yatuuka n'okuleetera abawagizi be okumujuliza n'erinnya Edaran Lo'Itunga ("Omukuumi w'abantu"). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu, yafuuka omujjumbize mu kulondoola amateeka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |title=Defence ministry seeks Shs2.5bn to provide security to EACOP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/185588/defence-ministry-seeks-shs25bn-to-provide-security-to-eacop |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yaweereza ku bukiiko obuwerako, omuli akakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Membership of the Committee on National Economy (January 2024 – May 2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20NATIONAL%20ECONOMY%20%20%5BJANUARY%202024%20-%20MAY%202026%5D.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’ebyokwerinda n’ensonga z’omunda,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Membership of the Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs (2023–2024) |url=https://ftp.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2023-08/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20DEFENCE%20AND%20INTERNAL%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20%282023-2024%29_0.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu, n’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga za Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=Membership of the Committee on Presidential Affairs |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20PRESIDENTIAL%20AFFAIRS.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Mu lutuula lwa kakiiko mu Gwokuna 2026, Opolot yasasamaza bannamawulire b'emikutu gy’eggwanga bwe yasemba addukanya amaka g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, Jane Barekye awe amagezi omukulembeze w’eggwanga [[Yoweri Museveni]] aludde ng’aweereza, alonde mutabani we era Omukulu w’amagye ga Uganda, [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba|Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] ng’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu kabineti enajja. Ekiteeso kino kyawagirwa mmemba omukulu owa Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU) Hon Twalla Fadil eyaliwo kyokka abalondoola ebyobufuzi n'abekennenya ensonga baakitunuulira ng'emmanduso ya "Muhoozi Project",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=The 'Muhoozi Project' |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-muhoozi-project/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pearltimes.co.ug/muhoozi-project-final-phase-heres-what-it-would-mean-if-museveni-appointed-muhoozi-vice-president/ "Muhoozi Project final phase"]. ''Pearl Times''. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> enteekateeka erii okusika omuguwa ey'okusikiza Genero Muhoozi atwale obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23029129 "Uganda's Muhoozi Kainerugaba denies 'monarchy' plan"]. ''BBC News''. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> Enteekateeka eno yasooka kwogerwako Genero David Sejusa mu 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=Flashback: When Gen Sejusa was a madman and 'Muhoozi Project' a myth |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/flashback-when-gen-sejusa-was-a-madman-and-muhoozi-project-a-myth-5133214 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Opolot-Okwalinga yasigaza ekifo kye mu Kanyum County, n'awangula [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>Ojore, Godfrey (2026-01-19). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/teso-voters-punish-underperformers-as-nrm-rec-NV_226494_052026 "Ugandaelections2026: Teso voters punish 'underperformers' as NRM reclaims ground, over 10 incumbents fall"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssentongo |first=Edrisa |title=NRM's Okwalinga Defeats FDC President Amuriat in Kanyum County Race |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314767/nrms-okwalinga-defeats-fdc-president-amuriat-in-kanyum-county-race |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-24 |title=FDC President Amuriat Finishes Fourth in Kanyum MP Race |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdc-president-amuriat-finishes-fourth-in-kanyum-mp-race/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwalagibwa bannamawulire ab'eggwanga lyonna n'ab'ekitundu ekyo, ng'ekizibu eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi olw'ekifo kya Amuriat ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya era n'olw'ebyafaayo bya Teso ng'ekifo ekikulu eky'oludda oluvuganya naddala Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC Captures MP Seats from Teso |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/fdc-captures-mp-seats-from-teso |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Resistance Movement]] f92wk75tjoprlrs68jrk8ytjjbey66s 63599 63598 2026-07-18T14:43:58Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Opolot-Okwalinga Simon Peter''' munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]], era omukugu mu nteekateeka z'ebyokwerinda,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Why private security guards in Uganda should be made part of national public security architecture |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Kanyum,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImtVR3J0em04NmVpOHIxZW5TUzB0NGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibG8va0hld0l5Q1czQVd3Vk9xclk3Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU4Mzg4ZGMxM2JjOWE4NWVkODgzZDY5ZjY0OTkxNDgwYzg0NWMxYmZkZjIzM2ZlMDFmMzcyZTIzYzI0YmUyZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] . Mmemba w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement (NRM)]], era mmemba w’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Appoint Muhoozi Vice President – MP Tells Museveni |url=https://ultimatepost.dantty.com/post/7134 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Ultimate Post |language=en}}</ref> ekibiina ky’obwannakyewa ekyatandikibwawo era nga kikulemberwa mutabani wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Genero [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]]. Opolot-Okwalinga yamanyibwa ng’ayita mu mirimu gye mu kukolagana n’amagye/eby'okwerinda mu nteekateeka n’obuweereza obw'ekikugu eri [[gavumenti ya Uganda]]. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, yafuna obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi bwe yawangula Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]], [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opolot |first=Michael Odeng and Martin |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: FDC's Amuriat loses Kanyum County seat to NRM's Okwalinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/fdcs-amuriat-loses-kanyum-county-seat-to-nrms-NV_226474_052026 |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Era amanyiddwa olw'okuwandiika ekitabo ekimanyiddwa nga "Guardian Ideology." == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Opolot-Okwalinga yazaalibwa Mukongoro mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kumi]], mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo]] okusoma siniya nga tannawandiisibwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences nakuguka mu Sociology. Okusoma kwe okw’okweyongerayo ng'amalirizza diguli kwawagirwa sikaala ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna eziwerako. Mu 2005, yaweebwa sikaala ya Commonwealth wansi w’enteekateeka ya [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship|Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Leeds]] mu [[Bungereza]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri eya Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. Mu kiseera ekyo, yatendekebwa mu by’amagye eby’ekikugu, n’amaliriza omusomo gwa [[Officer Cadet]] mu ttendekero eritendeka abaserikale li [[University Officers Training Corps (UOTC)]] wansi w’ettendekero ly’amagye erya [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] (RMAS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC) |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/support-and-training/our-schools-and-colleges/rma-sandhurst/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The British Army}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuna sikaala okuva mu [[Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Duisburg-Essen]], n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu byenkulaakulana n’enfuga ng’akuguse mu kwekenneenya enkola z’ebyokwerinda.<ref>Sat, Sinan (2010-11-04). [https://www.waz.de/staedte/duisburg/sie-werden-die-elite-ihrer-heimat-id3903126.html "Sie werden die Elite ihrer Heimat"]. ''Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref> == Obukugu bwe n'obuweereza mu magye == Obukugu bwa Opolot-Okwalinga bugatiddwa wamu mu by'okwerinda n’enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Uganda. Yaweereza ku kitebe ky'amagye ga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)]] e Mbuya, naddala mu ofiisi ya Joint Chief of Staff , [[ofiisi y'omukulu w'amagye (CDF)]] ne mu ofiisi y'enjigiriza y'amagye eya Commander Military Doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/defence-doctrine/center-for-doctrine/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuuka wattutumu bweyali ow'ebyekikugu ng’aweereza ng’Omuyambi w’omugenzi [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda Nyakairima]], mu biseera ng’akulira amagye era nga Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda]] okw’amangu, Opolot-Okwalinga yagenda mu maaso n’obumanyirivu bwe mu by’okuddukanya emirimu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda ng’omukungu omukulu ow’okunoonyereza era omuwabuzi w’enkola eri minisita mu kiseera ekyo,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=List of Participants: International Dialogue on Migration 2019 |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/our_work/ICP/IDM/2019_IDM/idm2019listofparticipants.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=International Organization for Migration (IOM)}}</ref> era yaweereza mu kitongole ekya [[Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti (IGG)]] wansi w’omulembe gw'Omulamuzi [[Faith Mwondha]], nga kino kiraga engeri gyali omunywevu mu kulwanyisa enguzi n'obukenuzi okuggwerwawo ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=FULL LIST: MPs who signed censure motion |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-list-mps-who-signed-censure-motion-4657682 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |title=MPs question salary disparities in UPDF, puzzled with huge salaries of Generals who do "nothing" |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/153398/mps-question-salary-disparities-in-updf-puzzled-with-huge-salaries-of-generals-who-do-nothing |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Mu 2014, yawandiika era n'atongoza akatabo akayitibwa "Guardian Ideology" okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ng'ekakasa nti obukulembeze bulina okukola ng'engeri y'okulabirira oba "okukuuma." Endowooza eno yatuuka n'okuleetera abawagizi be okumujuliza n'erinnya Edaran Lo'Itunga ("Omukuumi w'abantu"). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu, yafuuka omujjumbize mu kulondoola amateeka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |title=Defence ministry seeks Shs2.5bn to provide security to EACOP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/185588/defence-ministry-seeks-shs25bn-to-provide-security-to-eacop |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yaweereza ku bukiiko obuwerako, omuli akakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Membership of the Committee on National Economy (January 2024 – May 2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20NATIONAL%20ECONOMY%20%20%5BJANUARY%202024%20-%20MAY%202026%5D.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’ebyokwerinda n’ensonga z’omunda,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Membership of the Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs (2023–2024) |url=https://ftp.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2023-08/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20DEFENCE%20AND%20INTERNAL%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20%282023-2024%29_0.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu, n’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga za Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=Membership of the Committee on Presidential Affairs |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20PRESIDENTIAL%20AFFAIRS.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Mu lutuula lwa kakiiko mu Gwokuna 2026, Opolot yasasamaza bannamawulire b'emikutu gy’eggwanga bwe yasemba addukanya amaka g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, Jane Barekye awe amagezi omukulembeze w’eggwanga [[Yoweri Museveni]] aludde ng’aweereza, alonde mutabani we era Omukulu w’amagye ga Uganda, [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba|Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] ng’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu kabineti enajja. Ekiteeso kino kyawagirwa mmemba omukulu owa Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU) Hon Twalla Fadil eyaliwo kyokka abalondoola ebyobufuzi n'abekennenya ensonga baakitunuulira ng'emmanduso ya "Muhoozi Project",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=The 'Muhoozi Project' |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-muhoozi-project/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pearltimes.co.ug/muhoozi-project-final-phase-heres-what-it-would-mean-if-museveni-appointed-muhoozi-vice-president/ "Muhoozi Project final phase"]. ''Pearl Times''. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> enteekateeka erii okusika omuguwa ey'okusikiza Genero Muhoozi atwale obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23029129 "Uganda's Muhoozi Kainerugaba denies 'monarchy' plan"]. ''BBC News''. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> Enteekateeka eno yasooka kwogerwako Genero David Sejusa mu 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=Flashback: When Gen Sejusa was a madman and 'Muhoozi Project' a myth |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/flashback-when-gen-sejusa-was-a-madman-and-muhoozi-project-a-myth-5133214 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Opolot-Okwalinga yasigaza ekifo kye mu Kanyum County, n'awangula [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>Ojore, Godfrey (2026-01-19). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/teso-voters-punish-underperformers-as-nrm-rec-NV_226494_052026 "Ugandaelections2026: Teso voters punish 'underperformers' as NRM reclaims ground, over 10 incumbents fall"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssentongo |first=Edrisa |title=NRM's Okwalinga Defeats FDC President Amuriat in Kanyum County Race |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314767/nrms-okwalinga-defeats-fdc-president-amuriat-in-kanyum-county-race |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-24 |title=FDC President Amuriat Finishes Fourth in Kanyum MP Race |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdc-president-amuriat-finishes-fourth-in-kanyum-mp-race/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwalagibwa bannamawulire ab'eggwanga lyonna n'ab'ekitundu ekyo, ng'ekizibu eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi olw'ekifo kya Amuriat ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya era n'olw'ebyafaayo bya Teso ng'ekifo ekikulu eky'oludda oluvuganya naddala Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC Captures MP Seats from Teso |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/fdc-captures-mp-seats-from-teso |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri]] 6t3rftjr430ztd9m02ol3wu82nw6e9i 63600 63599 2026-07-18T14:44:23Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Opolot-Okwalinga Simon Peter''' munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]], era omukugu mu nteekateeka z'ebyokwerinda,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Why private security guards in Uganda should be made part of national public security architecture |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Kanyum,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImtVR3J0em04NmVpOHIxZW5TUzB0NGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibG8va0hld0l5Q1czQVd3Vk9xclk3Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU4Mzg4ZGMxM2JjOWE4NWVkODgzZDY5ZjY0OTkxNDgwYzg0NWMxYmZkZjIzM2ZlMDFmMzcyZTIzYzI0YmUyZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] . Mmemba w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement (NRM)]], era mmemba w’ekibiina kya Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Appoint Muhoozi Vice President – MP Tells Museveni |url=https://ultimatepost.dantty.com/post/7134 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Ultimate Post |language=en}}</ref> ekibiina ky’obwannakyewa ekyatandikibwawo era nga kikulemberwa mutabani wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Genero [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]]. Opolot-Okwalinga yamanyibwa ng’ayita mu mirimu gye mu kukolagana n’amagye/eby'okwerinda mu nteekateeka n’obuweereza obw'ekikugu eri [[gavumenti ya Uganda]]. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, yafuna obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi bwe yawangula Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]], [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opolot |first=Michael Odeng and Martin |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: FDC's Amuriat loses Kanyum County seat to NRM's Okwalinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/fdcs-amuriat-loses-kanyum-county-seat-to-nrms-NV_226474_052026 |access-date=2026-05-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Era amanyiddwa olw'okuwandiika ekitabo ekimanyiddwa nga "Guardian Ideology." == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Opolot-Okwalinga yazaalibwa Mukongoro mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kumi]], mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo]] okusoma siniya nga tannawandiisibwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences nakuguka mu Sociology. Okusoma kwe okw’okweyongerayo ng'amalirizza diguli kwawagirwa sikaala ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna eziwerako. Mu 2005, yaweebwa sikaala ya Commonwealth wansi w’enteekateeka ya [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship|Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Leeds]] mu [[Bungereza]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri eya Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. Mu kiseera ekyo, yatendekebwa mu by’amagye eby’ekikugu, n’amaliriza omusomo gwa [[Officer Cadet]] mu ttendekero eritendeka abaserikale li [[University Officers Training Corps (UOTC)]] wansi w’ettendekero ly’amagye erya [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] (RMAS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC) |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/support-and-training/our-schools-and-colleges/rma-sandhurst/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The British Army}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuna sikaala okuva mu [[Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)]] okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y’e Duisburg-Essen]], n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu byenkulaakulana n’enfuga ng’akuguse mu kwekenneenya enkola z’ebyokwerinda.<ref>Sat, Sinan (2010-11-04). [https://www.waz.de/staedte/duisburg/sie-werden-die-elite-ihrer-heimat-id3903126.html "Sie werden die Elite ihrer Heimat"]. ''Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref> == Obukugu bwe n'obuweereza mu magye == Obukugu bwa Opolot-Okwalinga bugatiddwa wamu mu by'okwerinda n’enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Uganda. Yaweereza ku kitebe ky'amagye ga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)]] e Mbuya, naddala mu ofiisi ya Joint Chief of Staff , [[ofiisi y'omukulu w'amagye (CDF)]] ne mu ofiisi y'enjigiriza y'amagye eya Commander Military Doctrine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/defence-doctrine/center-for-doctrine/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuuka wattutumu bweyali ow'ebyekikugu ng’aweereza ng’Omuyambi w’omugenzi [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda Nyakairima]], mu biseera ng’akulira amagye era nga Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa [[Aronda Nyakairima|Gen Aronda]] okw’amangu, Opolot-Okwalinga yagenda mu maaso n’obumanyirivu bwe mu by’okuddukanya emirimu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda ng’omukungu omukulu ow’okunoonyereza era omuwabuzi w’enkola eri minisita mu kiseera ekyo,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=List of Participants: International Dialogue on Migration 2019 |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/our_work/ICP/IDM/2019_IDM/idm2019listofparticipants.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=International Organization for Migration (IOM)}}</ref> era yaweereza mu kitongole ekya [[Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti (IGG)]] wansi w’omulembe gw'Omulamuzi [[Faith Mwondha]], nga kino kiraga engeri gyali omunywevu mu kulwanyisa enguzi n'obukenuzi okuggwerwawo ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=FULL LIST: MPs who signed censure motion |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-list-mps-who-signed-censure-motion-4657682 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |title=MPs question salary disparities in UPDF, puzzled with huge salaries of Generals who do "nothing" |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/153398/mps-question-salary-disparities-in-updf-puzzled-with-huge-salaries-of-generals-who-do-nothing |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Mu 2014, yawandiika era n'atongoza akatabo akayitibwa "Guardian Ideology" okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ng'ekakasa nti obukulembeze bulina okukola ng'engeri y'okulabirira oba "okukuuma." Endowooza eno yatuuka n'okuleetera abawagizi be okumujuliza n'erinnya Edaran Lo'Itunga ("Omukuumi w'abantu"). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu, yafuuka omujjumbize mu kulondoola amateeka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |title=Defence ministry seeks Shs2.5bn to provide security to EACOP |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/185588/defence-ministry-seeks-shs25bn-to-provide-security-to-eacop |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yaweereza ku bukiiko obuwerako, omuli akakiiko k’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Membership of the Committee on National Economy (January 2024 – May 2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20NATIONAL%20ECONOMY%20%20%5BJANUARY%202024%20-%20MAY%202026%5D.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’ebyokwerinda n’ensonga z’omunda,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Membership of the Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs (2023–2024) |url=https://ftp.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2023-08/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20DEFENCE%20AND%20INTERNAL%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20%282023-2024%29_0.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu, n’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga za Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-03 |title=Membership of the Committee on Presidential Affairs |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20PRESIDENTIAL%20AFFAIRS.pdf |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Mu lutuula lwa kakiiko mu Gwokuna 2026, Opolot yasasamaza bannamawulire b'emikutu gy’eggwanga bwe yasemba addukanya amaka g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, Jane Barekye awe amagezi omukulembeze w’eggwanga [[Yoweri Museveni]] aludde ng’aweereza, alonde mutabani we era Omukulu w’amagye ga Uganda, [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba|Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] ng’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu kabineti enajja. Ekiteeso kino kyawagirwa mmemba omukulu owa Patriotic League of Uganda(PLU) Hon Twalla Fadil eyaliwo kyokka abalondoola ebyobufuzi n'abekennenya ensonga baakitunuulira ng'emmanduso ya "Muhoozi Project",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=The 'Muhoozi Project' |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-muhoozi-project/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pearltimes.co.ug/muhoozi-project-final-phase-heres-what-it-would-mean-if-museveni-appointed-muhoozi-vice-president/ "Muhoozi Project final phase"]. ''Pearl Times''. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> enteekateeka erii okusika omuguwa ey'okusikiza Genero Muhoozi atwale obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23029129 "Uganda's Muhoozi Kainerugaba denies 'monarchy' plan"]. ''BBC News''. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2026-05-12.</ref> Enteekateeka eno yasooka kwogerwako Genero David Sejusa mu 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=Flashback: When Gen Sejusa was a madman and 'Muhoozi Project' a myth |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/flashback-when-gen-sejusa-was-a-madman-and-muhoozi-project-a-myth-5133214 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Opolot-Okwalinga yasigaza ekifo kye mu Kanyum County, n'awangula [[Patrick Amuriat|Patrick Oboi Amuriat]].<ref>Ojore, Godfrey (2026-01-19). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/teso-voters-punish-underperformers-as-nrm-rec-NV_226494_052026 "Ugandaelections2026: Teso voters punish 'underperformers' as NRM reclaims ground, over 10 incumbents fall"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-05-06.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssentongo |first=Edrisa |title=NRM's Okwalinga Defeats FDC President Amuriat in Kanyum County Race |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/314767/nrms-okwalinga-defeats-fdc-president-amuriat-in-kanyum-county-race |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiiza |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-24 |title=FDC President Amuriat Finishes Fourth in Kanyum MP Race |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdc-president-amuriat-finishes-fourth-in-kanyum-mp-race/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwalagibwa bannamawulire ab'eggwanga lyonna n'ab'ekitundu ekyo, ng'ekizibu eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi olw'ekifo kya Amuriat ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya era n'olw'ebyafaayo bya Teso ng'ekifo ekikulu eky'oludda oluvuganya naddala Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC Captures MP Seats from Teso |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/fdc-captures-mp-seats-from-teso |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina kya National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] 5pmigjko23y2jxxqrsr42dowuow6auk 0 14953 63552 63551 2026-07-18T12:01:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 removed [[Category:Bannayuyuganda bannabyabufuzi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Lokii John Baptist''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo w’ebisolo, [[munnabyabufuzi]] era mmemba wa Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri ng’akiikirira abantu b’omu Ssaza ly’e Matheniko mu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] era akola nga omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ow'ekitundu kye Karamoja. Mu Gwokutaano 2026, yalondebwa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okubeera Minisita [[Minisitule y’ensonga z’e Karamoja (Uganda)|ow'ensonga ze Karamoja]] okuweereza okumala ekisanja 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kazibwe|first=Kenneth|date=2026-06-09|title=Uganda: New Cabinet Members Sworn-in, Set for Orientation At Kyankwanzi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202606090171.html|access-date=2026-06-11|work=Nile Post|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=REPORTER |first=JOSEPH NSIMBI {{!}} UG STANDARD |date=2026-06-09 |title=PHOTOS: Museveni presides over swearing-in ceremony of new cabinet |url=https://www.ugstandard.com/photos-museveni-presides-over-swearing-in-ceremony-of-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=UG Standard - Latest News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu == Dr. Lokii John Baptist akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira abantu b'essaza ly'e Matheniko mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] era akola nga Ex Official ku akakiiko ka Karamoja Peace And Technology University council (KAPATU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Hon. Lokii John Baptist (MP) - KAPATU Project |url=https://kapatu.ac.ug/personnel/hon-lokii-john-baptist-mp/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Y'omu ku baminisita abaakalondebwa okukiikirira ekitundu kya Karamoja nga Minisita mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Ng’omukulembeze, Dr. Lokii y'enyigidde mu nsonga z’abantu b’omukitundu ez’okukukusa abantu mu Karamoja era ayambye okuyingizaamu ab’obuyinza okuli ne [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okukola ku nsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=Gov't tasked to probe sale of Karamojong girls |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/govt-tasked-to-probe-sale-of-karamojong-girls/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Y'ennyingidde mu kusenza abantu b'omu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] ng’ayagala ebiwandiiko n’obukakafu okuva mu [[Minisitule y'emirimu n'entambula (Uganda)|minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula]] mu kaweefube waabwe ow’okutandikawo ettendekero lya [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Gulu University]] constituent college mu Disitulikiti y’e Moroto okuva ettaka lino lwe lyali ery’abantu bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-03-12 |title=Gulu university, ministry of works embroiled in land dispute |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gulu-university-ministry-of-works-embroiled-in-land-dispute/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokii era alondoola pulojekiti za gavumenti nga Parish Development Model mu Karamoja Sub-region okwekenneenya enkola yaayo ey’okweyimirizaawo mu kitundu n’okuwa gavumenti lipoota ku nkulaakulana ya pulogulaamu ng’ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Matheniko-County-MP-John-Baptist-Lokii-has-expressed-worries-over-the-performance-of-Parish-Development-Model-Funds-in-the-drought-struck-Karamoja-sub-region-SV0Ve/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=atekerfm.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Peter Lokeris]] * [[Rose Lilly Akello]] * [[Stella Atyang]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] oclohrrcrmgm0hf44xfhtewy8w6iomg 63553 63552 2026-07-18T12:01:29Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 added [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 63553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Lokii John Baptist''' [[Munnayuganda]], musawo w’ebisolo, [[munnabyabufuzi]] era mmemba wa Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri ng’akiikirira abantu b’omu Ssaza ly’e Matheniko mu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] era akola nga omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ow'ekitundu kye Karamoja. Mu Gwokutaano 2026, yalondebwa Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] okubeera Minisita [[Minisitule y’ensonga z’e Karamoja (Uganda)|ow'ensonga ze Karamoja]] okuweereza okumala ekisanja 2026–2031.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kazibwe|first=Kenneth|date=2026-06-09|title=Uganda: New Cabinet Members Sworn-in, Set for Orientation At Kyankwanzi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202606090171.html|access-date=2026-06-11|work=Nile Post|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=REPORTER |first=JOSEPH NSIMBI {{!}} UG STANDARD |date=2026-06-09 |title=PHOTOS: Museveni presides over swearing-in ceremony of new cabinet |url=https://www.ugstandard.com/photos-museveni-presides-over-swearing-in-ceremony-of-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=UG Standard - Latest News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu == Dr. Lokii John Baptist akola ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira abantu b'essaza ly'e Matheniko mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] era akola nga Ex Official ku akakiiko ka Karamoja Peace And Technology University council (KAPATU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Hon. Lokii John Baptist (MP) - KAPATU Project |url=https://kapatu.ac.ug/personnel/hon-lokii-john-baptist-mp/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Y'omu ku baminisita abaakalondebwa okukiikirira ekitundu kya Karamoja nga Minisita mu gavumenti ya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Ng’omukulembeze, Dr. Lokii y'enyigidde mu nsonga z’abantu b’omukitundu ez’okukukusa abantu mu Karamoja era ayambye okuyingizaamu ab’obuyinza okuli ne [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okukola ku nsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=Gov't tasked to probe sale of Karamojong girls |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/govt-tasked-to-probe-sale-of-karamojong-girls/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Y'ennyingidde mu kusenza abantu b'omu [[Moroto (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Moroto]] ng’ayagala ebiwandiiko n’obukakafu okuva mu [[Minisitule y'emirimu n'entambula (Uganda)|minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula]] mu kaweefube waabwe ow’okutandikawo ettendekero lya [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Gulu University]] constituent college mu Disitulikiti y’e Moroto okuva ettaka lino lwe lyali ery’abantu bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-03-12 |title=Gulu university, ministry of works embroiled in land dispute |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gulu-university-ministry-of-works-embroiled-in-land-dispute/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokii era alondoola pulojekiti za gavumenti nga Parish Development Model mu Karamoja Sub-region okwekenneenya enkola yaayo ey’okweyimirizaawo mu kitundu n’okuwa gavumenti lipoota ku nkulaakulana ya pulogulaamu ng’ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Matheniko-County-MP-John-Baptist-Lokii-has-expressed-worries-over-the-performance-of-Parish-Development-Model-Funds-in-the-drought-struck-Karamoja-sub-region-SV0Ve/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=atekerfm.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Peter Lokeris]] * [[Rose Lilly Akello]] * [[Stella Atyang]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] oe6ccll1j3xasl5nrzezndyo47uvq65 0 14984 63604 63491 2026-07-18T16:23:00Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 ntaddemu ekiba 63604 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[Self-coup#Notable events described as attempted self-coups|kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[Peaceful transition of power|okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[Liberal democracy|demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[2026 United States elections|okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[Free and fair election|eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[United States Semiquincentennial|emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[List of countries and dependencies by area|eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Contiguous United States|Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian west|100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[South Florida|ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t0497y951v4xlcxzoq2ruycbyj9v7ow 63605 63604 2026-07-18T16:58:10Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 ntaddemu ekiba 63605 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[Self-coup#Notable events described as attempted self-coups|kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[Peaceful transition of power|okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[Liberal democracy|demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[2026 United States elections|okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[Free and fair election|eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[United States Semiquincentennial|emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[List of countries and dependencies by area|eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Contiguous United States|Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Climate change|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Southwestern United States|Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6bz3kqwlrbnbijpnx4n7o2y42a9s87p 63606 63605 2026-07-18T17:29:12Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 ntaddeyo ekiba ekipya 63606 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0pc9j4kl2yvt44kxhulkyjwq47lxyrp 63607 63606 2026-07-18T17:42:31Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 ntaddeyo ekiba ekipya 63607 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> [[Environmental issues in the United States|Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika]] mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku [[Non-renewable resource|by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya]] [[Nuclear power debate|n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], [[Pollution prevention in the US|obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi]], [[Obulamu obw'Enjawulo (Biodiversity)|ebitonde eby'enjawulo]], okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[:en:United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[National Wilderness Preservation System|Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[:en:United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service|United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[Environmental Performance Index|muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aeaf8kvak921fs1330mg0a03qi9b1h8 63608 63607 2026-07-18T17:58:47Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 63608 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] a0xq1wn0tfmxbuepssssmyz7gftoui1 63611 63608 2026-07-18T18:20:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 ntaddeyo ekiba ekipya 63611 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dxm5tgqlraiw1cvsqb1lebovuufevkz 63612 63611 2026-07-18T18:24:06Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added new heading 63612 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4a6xo507hgo4x7xor2wn44cix28tz7u 63614 63612 2026-07-18T18:53:23Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 63614 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rg94ls6r1sldknkdv2ttllr3v43awb6 63631 63614 2026-07-18T21:17:50Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 63631 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress. <ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri ba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi. <ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] miuol9dcxl03lhe7t824y3abwxibr5d 63632 63631 2026-07-18T21:22:26Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 63632 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress. <ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri ba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f4fi9jfga9wjxeit4hnztc0qs35766c 63633 63632 2026-07-18T21:23:50Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 63633 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l288hmnxn30sqhjcfu8sjycmek8e4kt 63634 63633 2026-07-18T21:38:59Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 63634 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye mukulembeze w’eggwanga, omuduumizi w’okuntikko, era akulira gavumenti eya federo. Pulezidenti alonda abakiise ba kabineti, nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu bitongole byabwe . [1] Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu ku biteeso by'amateeka okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu obw’ebitundu bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu kulonda okutali kwa butereevu nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika . Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe . [2] Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka, okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena. [ q ] . [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kt1ays7293l4xcjd03kf4iy2hyawroe 63635 63634 2026-07-18T22:24:45Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added new heading 63635 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye [[Head of state|mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], [[Commander-in-chief|omuduumizi]] w’okuntikko, era [[Head of government|akulira gavumenti eya federo]]. Pulezidenti alonda [[Cabinet of the United States|abakiise ba kabineti]], nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu [[List of federal agencies in the United States|bitongole byabwe]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=The Executive Branch |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 |website=The White House}}</ref> Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu [[Bill (law)|ku biteeso by'amateeka]] okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula [[Veto power in the United States|obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu]] buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu [[Supermajority#Use in governments around the world|obw’ebitundu]] bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era [[Federal pardons in the United States|asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa]] . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " [[Executive orders|ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu]] " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda [[Judicial review in the United States|kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi]] . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu [[Running mate|n’omumyuka]] wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu [[Indirect election|kulonda okutali kwa butereevu]] nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo [[United States Electoral College|ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika]]. Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa [[State legislature (United States)|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 {{!}} Constitution Center |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka]], okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena.[ q ]. == Essiga eddamuzi == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8kna4nmi7gmi7gorquj6n2mqlku24b7 63636 63635 2026-07-18T23:05:10Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 63636 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye [[Head of state|mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], [[Commander-in-chief|omuduumizi]] w’okuntikko, era [[Head of government|akulira gavumenti eya federo]]. Pulezidenti alonda [[Cabinet of the United States|abakiise ba kabineti]], nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu [[List of federal agencies in the United States|bitongole byabwe]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=The Executive Branch |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 |website=The White House}}</ref> Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu [[Bill (law)|ku biteeso by'amateeka]] okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula [[Veto power in the United States|obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu]] buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu [[Supermajority#Use in governments around the world|obw’ebitundu]] bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era [[Federal pardons in the United States|asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa]] . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " [[Executive orders|ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu]] " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda [[Judicial review in the United States|kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi]] . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu [[Running mate|n’omumyuka]] wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu [[Indirect election|kulonda okutali kwa butereevu]] nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo [[United States Electoral College|ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika]]. Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa [[State legislature (United States)|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 {{!}} Constitution Center |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka]], okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena.[ q ]. == Essiga eddamuzi == [[Federal judiciary of the United States|Essiga eddamuzi erya Amerika erya federo]], ng’abalamuzi baalyo bonna balondebwa pulezidenti obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekiwagidde, okusinga kirimu [[Supreme Court of the United States|kkooti ensukkulumu mu Amerika]], [[United States courts of appeals|kkooti ezijulirwamu mu Amerika]], ne [[United States district court|kkooti za disitulikiti mu Amerika]]. Omutendera ogusinga wansi mu kitongole ekiramuzi ekya federo ye kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo, esalawo emisango gyonna egitwalibwa okuba wansi wa" [[Original jurisdiction#Federal and state courts|obuyinza obw'olubereberye]]", gamba ng'amateeka ga federo, amateeka ga ssemateeka, oba [[International treaties|endagaano z'ensi yonna]]. Oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo okusalawo omusango, ensala yaayo eyinza okuvuganyizibwa n’esindikibwa mu kkooti enkulu, kkooti ejulirwamu eya federo. Enkola y’ekiramuzi mu Amerika ey’ebitundu 12 ebya federo byawula eggwanga lino mu bitundu 12 eby’enjawulo ebifuga eby’ettaka okusalawo ku kujulira. Kkooti eddako era esinga obukulu mu nkola eno ye Kkooti Ensukkulumu mu Amerika. <ref name="FedJud">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Kkooti eno evvuunula amateeka n'ekyusa [[Judicial review in the United States|amateeka g'esanga nga tegakwatagana na ssemateeka]].<ref name="FedJud" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Procedure |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/supreme-court-procedure/ |access-date=October 20, 2024 |website=SCOTUSblog |language=en-US}}</ref>. Kkooti Eno efuna okusaba nga 7,000 okwa [[writs of certiorari]] [[Chief Justice of the United States|buli]] mwaka, naye n’ekkiriza nga 80 zokka. Wadde erina ba mmemba 9 nga bakulirwa Ssabalamuzi wa America,kkooti eno ekola ensala yaayo nga esinziira ku muwendo omunene kye gusazeew. Mu musango gw’okuggyamu omuntu obwesige omusango gw’okugoba pulezidenti mu lukiiko lwa Senate, ssabalamuzi y’akubiriza. Nga bwe kiri ku balamuzi abalala bonna aba federo, abakiise balondebwa pulezidenti ali mu ntebe obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekkirizza ng’ekifo kifuuse ekikalu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3cv8gwn6ks98p0pd1wnlzxra9oib0qw 63637 63636 2026-07-18T23:15:31Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraphs 63637 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye [[Head of state|mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], [[Commander-in-chief|omuduumizi]] w’okuntikko, era [[Head of government|akulira gavumenti eya federo]]. Pulezidenti alonda [[Cabinet of the United States|abakiise ba kabineti]], nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu [[List of federal agencies in the United States|bitongole byabwe]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=The Executive Branch |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 |website=The White House}}</ref> Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu [[Bill (law)|ku biteeso by'amateeka]] okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula [[Veto power in the United States|obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu]] buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu [[Supermajority#Use in governments around the world|obw’ebitundu]] bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era [[Federal pardons in the United States|asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa]] . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " [[Executive orders|ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu]] " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda [[Judicial review in the United States|kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi]] . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu [[Running mate|n’omumyuka]] wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu [[Indirect election|kulonda okutali kwa butereevu]] nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo [[United States Electoral College|ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika]]. Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa [[State legislature (United States)|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 {{!}} Constitution Center |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka]], okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena.[ q ]. == Essiga eddamuzi == [[Federal judiciary of the United States|Essiga eddamuzi erya Amerika erya federo]], ng’abalamuzi baalyo bonna balondebwa pulezidenti obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekiwagidde, okusinga kirimu [[Supreme Court of the United States|kkooti ensukkulumu mu Amerika]], [[United States courts of appeals|kkooti ezijulirwamu mu Amerika]], ne [[United States district court|kkooti za disitulikiti mu Amerika]]. Omutendera ogusinga wansi mu kitongole ekiramuzi ekya federo ye kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo, esalawo emisango gyonna egitwalibwa okuba wansi wa" [[Original jurisdiction#Federal and state courts|obuyinza obw'olubereberye]]", gamba ng'amateeka ga federo, amateeka ga ssemateeka, oba [[International treaties|endagaano z'ensi yonna]]. Oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo okusalawo omusango, ensala yaayo eyinza okuvuganyizibwa n’esindikibwa mu kkooti enkulu, kkooti ejulirwamu eya federo. Enkola y’ekiramuzi mu Amerika ey’ebitundu 12 ebya federo byawula eggwanga lino mu bitundu 12 eby’enjawulo ebifuga eby’ettaka okusalawo ku kujulira. Kkooti eddako era esinga obukulu mu nkola eno ye Kkooti Ensukkulumu mu Amerika. <ref name="FedJud">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Kkooti eno evvuunula amateeka n'ekyusa [[Judicial review in the United States|amateeka g'esanga nga tegakwatagana na ssemateeka]].<ref name="FedJud" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Procedure |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/supreme-court-procedure/ |access-date=October 20, 2024 |website=SCOTUSblog |language=en-US}}</ref>. Kkooti Eno efuna okusaba nga 7,000 okwa [[writs of certiorari]] [[Chief Justice of the United States|buli]] mwaka, naye n’ekkiriza nga 80 zokka. Wadde erina ba mmemba 9 nga bakulirwa Ssabalamuzi wa America,kkooti eno ekola ensala yaayo nga esinziira ku muwendo omunene kye gusazeew. Mu musango gw’okuggyamu omuntu obwesige omusango gw’okugoba pulezidenti mu lukiiko lwa Senate, ssabalamuzi y’akubiriza. Nga bwe kiri ku balamuzi abalala bonna aba federo, abakiise balondebwa pulezidenti ali mu ntebe obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekkirizza ng’ekifo kifuuse ekikalu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> == Ebitundu byayo ebitonotono == Mu [[Federalism in the United States|nkola ya Amerika eya federo]], obuyinza obw’obwannannyini bugabanyizibwa wakati w’emitendera esatu egya gavumenti egyalambikibwa mu Ssemateeka: gavumenti eya federo, amasaza, n’ebika by’Abayindi. Amerika era ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebibeeramu abantu bannansangwa: [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], ne [[United States Virgin Islands|US Virgin Islands]].<ref name="HRI-20122">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Abatuuze b’amasaza 50 bafugibwa gavumenti y’amasaza gye balonda, wansi wa [[State constitutions in the United States|ssemateeka w’amasaza akwatagana ne ssemateeka w’eggwanga]], ne [[Local government in the United States|gavumenti z’ebitundu]] ezirondebwa nga zino ze bitundu ebifuga eby’essaza. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Robert A. |date=October 2011 |title=Rights, Powers, Dual Sovereignty, and Federalism |url=https://www.cato.org/policy-report/september/october-2011/rights-powers-dual-sovereignty-federalism# |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Cato Institute}}</ref> Amasaza gagabanyizibwamu amagombolola oba ageefaananyiriza amagombolola, nga (okuggyako mu Hawaii) gasobola okukkiriza okutondebwawo kwa munisipaali ezeetongodde eziddukanyizibwa abalonde baago. Disitulikiti ya Columbia, [[Federal district of the United States|disitulikiti ya federo]] erimu ekibuga ekikulu ekya Amerika, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] <ref>{{usc|8|1101}}(a)(36) and {{usc|8|1101}}(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Immigration and Nationality Act.</ref> Disitulikiti ya federo kitundu kya gavumenti eya federo ekifuga. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8efh76rbfdyq8msfw825mijgchcq3i8 63638 63637 2026-07-18T23:25:03Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added new heading 63638 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=2021-05-12 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye [[Head of state|mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], [[Commander-in-chief|omuduumizi]] w’okuntikko, era [[Head of government|akulira gavumenti eya federo]]. Pulezidenti alonda [[Cabinet of the United States|abakiise ba kabineti]], nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu [[List of federal agencies in the United States|bitongole byabwe]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=The Executive Branch |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 |website=The White House}}</ref> Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu [[Bill (law)|ku biteeso by'amateeka]] okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula [[Veto power in the United States|obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu]] buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu [[Supermajority#Use in governments around the world|obw’ebitundu]] bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era [[Federal pardons in the United States|asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa]] . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " [[Executive orders|ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu]] " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda [[Judicial review in the United States|kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi]] . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu [[Running mate|n’omumyuka]] wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu [[Indirect election|kulonda okutali kwa butereevu]] nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo [[United States Electoral College|ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika]]. Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa [[State legislature (United States)|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 {{!}} Constitution Center |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka]], okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena.[ q ]. == Essiga eddamuzi == [[Federal judiciary of the United States|Essiga eddamuzi erya Amerika erya federo]], ng’abalamuzi baalyo bonna balondebwa pulezidenti obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekiwagidde, okusinga kirimu [[Supreme Court of the United States|kkooti ensukkulumu mu Amerika]], [[United States courts of appeals|kkooti ezijulirwamu mu Amerika]], ne [[United States district court|kkooti za disitulikiti mu Amerika]]. Omutendera ogusinga wansi mu kitongole ekiramuzi ekya federo ye kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo, esalawo emisango gyonna egitwalibwa okuba wansi wa" [[Original jurisdiction#Federal and state courts|obuyinza obw'olubereberye]]", gamba ng'amateeka ga federo, amateeka ga ssemateeka, oba [[International treaties|endagaano z'ensi yonna]]. Oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo okusalawo omusango, ensala yaayo eyinza okuvuganyizibwa n’esindikibwa mu kkooti enkulu, kkooti ejulirwamu eya federo. Enkola y’ekiramuzi mu Amerika ey’ebitundu 12 ebya federo byawula eggwanga lino mu bitundu 12 eby’enjawulo ebifuga eby’ettaka okusalawo ku kujulira. Kkooti eddako era esinga obukulu mu nkola eno ye Kkooti Ensukkulumu mu Amerika. <ref name="FedJud">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Kkooti eno evvuunula amateeka n'ekyusa [[Judicial review in the United States|amateeka g'esanga nga tegakwatagana na ssemateeka]].<ref name="FedJud" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Procedure |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/supreme-court-procedure/ |access-date=October 20, 2024 |website=SCOTUSblog |language=en-US}}</ref>. Kkooti Eno efuna okusaba nga 7,000 okwa [[writs of certiorari]] [[Chief Justice of the United States|buli]] mwaka, naye n’ekkiriza nga 80 zokka. Wadde erina ba mmemba 9 nga bakulirwa Ssabalamuzi wa America,kkooti eno ekola ensala yaayo nga esinziira ku muwendo omunene kye gusazeew. Mu musango gw’okuggyamu omuntu obwesige omusango gw’okugoba pulezidenti mu lukiiko lwa Senate, ssabalamuzi y’akubiriza. Nga bwe kiri ku balamuzi abalala bonna aba federo, abakiise balondebwa pulezidenti ali mu ntebe obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekkirizza ng’ekifo kifuuse ekikalu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> == Ebitundu byayo ebitonotono == Mu [[Federalism in the United States|nkola ya Amerika eya federo]], obuyinza obw’obwannannyini bugabanyizibwa wakati w’emitendera esatu egya gavumenti egyalambikibwa mu Ssemateeka: gavumenti eya federo, amasaza, n’ebika by’Abayindi. Amerika era ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebibeeramu abantu bannansangwa: [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], ne [[United States Virgin Islands|US Virgin Islands]].<ref name="HRI-20122">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Abatuuze b’amasaza 50 bafugibwa gavumenti y’amasaza gye balonda, wansi wa [[State constitutions in the United States|ssemateeka w’amasaza akwatagana ne ssemateeka w’eggwanga]], ne [[Local government in the United States|gavumenti z’ebitundu]] ezirondebwa nga zino ze bitundu ebifuga eby’essaza. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Robert A. |date=October 2011 |title=Rights, Powers, Dual Sovereignty, and Federalism |url=https://www.cato.org/policy-report/september/october-2011/rights-powers-dual-sovereignty-federalism# |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Cato Institute}}</ref> Amasaza gagabanyizibwamu amagombolola oba ageefaananyiriza amagombolola, nga (okuggyako mu Hawaii) gasobola okukkiriza okutondebwawo kwa munisipaali ezeetongodde eziddukanyizibwa abalonde baago. Disitulikiti ya Columbia, [[Federal district of the United States|disitulikiti ya federo]] erimu ekibuga ekikulu ekya Amerika, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] <ref>{{usc|8|1101}}(a)(36) and {{usc|8|1101}}(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Immigration and Nationality Act.</ref> Disitulikiti ya federo kitundu kya gavumenti eya federo ekifuga. == Ebibiina by’obufuzi == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4ro0zxpqi44b12kfzlpovq1l7qt2pm7 0 15063 63554 62848 2026-07-18T13:25:06Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63554 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 5vozcsb41ns24bckdy79e2via1ypu7k 63555 63554 2026-07-18T13:26:32Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63555 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] hv5r8rwokvoylcvkeelr2698zzrtqxg 63556 63555 2026-07-18T13:26:56Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63556 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga administrator, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti n’okufuga ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku byobufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] bhuchz8wfaiicihk1qjrk46lvukc6rr 63557 63556 2026-07-18T13:29:21Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63557 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 7pxbs0hscqb63mn4s7y2glxzshe4t5g 63558 63557 2026-07-18T13:29:43Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63558 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] jws4utvp9eg3f0dqju9bb2wsod0d7hs 63559 63558 2026-07-18T13:30:00Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63559 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya palamenti ku Lutseshe County mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Palamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). <ref name=":0" /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] cwgs4swlfztbjwz3h4wcx5pb9bmhnma 63560 63559 2026-07-18T13:31:17Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63560 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] jeacbq827b8i02a0x8sy08dzejpc8bp 63561 63560 2026-07-18T13:32:05Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63561 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 "Hon. Modoi Isaac"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-06-02</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 25kfykhtz4y5qsj53rlkf3f28wy3po4 63562 63561 2026-07-18T13:32:48Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63562 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 "Hon. Modoi Isaac"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-06-02</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] hj3j5xzyic77f5flu9w33wlx1exyhrs 63563 63562 2026-07-18T13:33:09Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63563 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Modoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 "Hon. Modoi Isaac"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-06-02</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] s3qrwsoucabhojwa1n76qqjcpotwcb6 63564 63563 2026-07-18T13:41:58Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63564 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 0u9pv0fzr530f8izkplqy5gtwavahvf 63565 63564 2026-07-18T13:42:45Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63565 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa palamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya obuyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda. <ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] pgp89g7wjdwrhzh402019vrlvwft5nv 63566 63565 2026-07-18T13:43:34Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63566 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] tbdf5m8zxl3b9jocgv6888qm5dhcmjc 63567 63566 2026-07-18T13:44:23Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63567 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ "Parliament of Uganda"]. ''cmis.parliament.go.ug''.</cite></ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 0m91pw0qil9zpxfl2lnerlczk58jccm 63568 63567 2026-07-18T13:44:58Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63568 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ "Parliament of Uganda"]. ''cmis.parliament.go.ug''.</cite></ref> == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] hzoep7rxkay42cvkxlzik56oo2q7n7v 63569 63568 2026-07-18T13:53:56Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63569 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ "Parliament of Uganda"]. ''cmis.parliament.go.ug''.</cite></ref> == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] j4h4wfncb8ya2sgp4k7msun0z4f7sai 63570 63569 2026-07-18T13:54:40Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63570 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ "Parliament of Uganda"]. ''cmis.parliament.go.ug''.</cite></ref> == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Isaac Modoi mufumbo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] ter6xfb07que8sjtcsoklsmszfbbwvi 63571 63570 2026-07-18T13:56:47Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63571 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ "Parliament of Uganda"]. ''cmis.parliament.go.ug''.</cite></ref> == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Isaac Modoi mufumbo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]]. * [[National Resistance Movement]]. * [[John Nambeshe|John Baptist Nambeshe]]. * Okulonda kwa bonna okwa Uganda 2021. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 6lct86gdoxee0c1efh3p60ayz83oi9f 63572 63571 2026-07-18T13:57:14Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63572 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- "Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries :"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-05-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ "Parliament of Uganda"]. ''cmis.parliament.go.ug''.</cite></ref> == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Isaac Modoi mufumbo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]]. * [[National Resistance Movement]]. * [[John Nambeshe|John Baptist Nambeshe]]. * Okulonda kwa bonna okwa Uganda 2021. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] ecmeinorg14tdundidh103lv6fk734g 63573 63572 2026-07-18T13:58:11Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63573 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]]. Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda. == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Isaac Modoi mufumbo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]]. * [[National Resistance Movement]]. * [[John Nambeshe|John Baptist Nambeshe]]. * Okulonda kwa bonna okwa Uganda 2021. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] qhza1itosdctf7ti4er73u9cfwragw4 63574 63573 2026-07-18T13:58:40Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63574 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]]. Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda. == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Isaac Modoi mufumbo. == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]]. * [[National Resistance Movement]]. * [[John Nambeshe|John Baptist Nambeshe]]. * Okulonda kwa bonna okwa Uganda 2021. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 0141ycu4k4il5fl779wub2snj9ipfez 63575 63574 2026-07-18T13:59:08Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63575 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]]. Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda. == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Isaac Modoi mufumbo. == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]]. * [[National Resistance Movement]]. * [[John Nambeshe|John Baptist Nambeshe]]. * Okulonda kwa bonna okwa Uganda 2021. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 5rwmhx7ftamkrmgb6lidz9e3lpobil7 63576 63575 2026-07-18T13:59:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364774998|Isaac Madoi]]" 63576 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Isaac Madoi''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe, mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madoi Isaac :: Uganda Radionetwork |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=316905 |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=ugandaradionetwork.net}}</ref> Ye mmemba w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) era aweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumin’emu.<ref name="parl-db">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Modoi Isaac |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IldsOGFBRnIrR3dZcjJoUFErWGJxT1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDdPeUtnMFZpS2Z5TGo0UVd6ek44QT09IiwibWFjIjoiOGJmMjk4MmIxYzMwNzcxNTkxN2FkZGY5YzJiMjFkZGZlZTMwZjhlZmUzODE1YWUzN2YyODM1MDk3NzNjMDRkNCIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Isaac Modoi yazaalibwa nga 17th Ogwomusanvu 1957 mu Uganda. Ebikwata ku kusoma kwe n'obuto bwe tebinnaba kuwandiikibwa nnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IlJ3QUtMdHZ6UFNoZ3dZV285TENmdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXlwWmptUzQ4QVVnWUw4elpTM0JuUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjE5NDk1ZDkzMDVkOTc4YTJiZGZjNDZlNTY0NmU2NWY4OWNiNGI4MWE5MzI3YTEzNDYwODQ2ZmExMTJlN2UzZiIsInRhZyI6IiJ9?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya kulonda, Modoi yakolako nga omuddukanya w'emirimu, omulimu ogwamanyisa okwenyigira kwe mu mirimu gya gavumenti ne mu gavumenti ez'ebitundu. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku by'obufuzi ebinyiikivu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Modoi yeegatta ku by'obufuzi by’eggwanga mu kulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Uganda mu 2021, gye yavuganya ku kifo kya ky'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Bududa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Incumbent MPs in Bugisu Lose in NRM Primaries : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/six-incumbent-mps-in-bugisu-lose-in-nrm-primaries- |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samilu |first=Busein |date=2020-09-16 |title=NRM Primaries: List of Winners, Losers in Bugisu Sub Region |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-primaries-list-of-winners-losers-in-bugisu-sub-region/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Oluvannyuma lw’okulondebwa, yakakasiddwa ng’omubaka omulonde ow'Essaza lye Lutseshe mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]]. Ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti, Modoi akiikirira ebirungi by’Essaza ly’e Lutseshe mu Paalamenti era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mateeka n’okulondoola pulogulaamu za gavumenti ezikosa ekitundu kye. == Emirimu gye mu Paalamenti == Modoi aweereza nga mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo bya gavumenti mu gavumenti ez'awakati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name="pac">{{Cite web |title=MEMBERSHIP OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/2024-11/MEMBERSHIP%20OF%20THE%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTS%20COMMITTEE%20%28CENTRAL%20GOVERNMENT%29.pdf |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mu buvunanyizibwa buno, yetaba mu nkiiko za Paalamenti ezilondoola ensaasanya ya gavumenti, embalirira n'okuddukanya eby'enfuna bya gavumenti.<ref name="pac" /> Ono era yeetaba mu kuteesa kwa Paalamenti ku nfuga n’okugabanya ebirowoozo ku buyinza naddala ku nsonga z’okutuusa obuweereza n’enkola za gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Uganda.<ref name="cmis">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://cmis.parliament.go.ug/ |website=cmis.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ono era abaddeko mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga z’okugaba empeereza ya gavumenti, omuli okusoomoozebwa kw’enkola z’ebyobulamu n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’ebitongole mu Uganda. == Enkaayana n'obutakkanya obwaliwo == Oluvannyuma lwa Modoi okulangirira ng'omuwanguzi, Watenga eyali mu ntebe yatwalayo okusaba mu kkooti ng'alumiriza Modoi okukozesa ebiwandiiko by'obuyigirize by'omuntu omulala okuvuganya ku kalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti. Watenga yeewozzaako nti Modoi yakozesa ebiwandiiko by’ebyenjigiriza ebya Modoi Abdul Isaac mu kusunsulwa kwe n’okulondebwa okwaddirira <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Court Dismisses Petition Against Lutyeshe County MP : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-dismisses-petition-against-lutyeshe-county-mp- |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era yagamba nti okulonda kwali kwetobeseemu emivuyo n'enguzi naddala okugulirira abalonzi era n’asaba kkooti esazeewo obuwanguzi bwa Modoi era emulangirire ng’omuwanguzi oba okulagira okulonda okupya. Omulamuzi Andrew Bashaija yasazaamu okusaba kuno ng’agamba nti Modoi Abdul Isaac ne Modoi Isaac y’omu eyasunsulwa n’alondebwa ng’omubaka wa Paalamenti ow’Essaza ly’e Lutyeshe.<ref name=":2" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Isaac Modoi mufumbo. == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[Bududa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bududa]]. * [[National Resistance Movement]]. * [[John Nambeshe|John Baptist Nambeshe]]. * Okulonda kwa bonna okwa Uganda 2021. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] d66t99mewmyi9fp12tsxruegvowq175 14 15144 63585 2026-07-18T14:20:56Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63585 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bannabyabufuzi ab'esiimbawo ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP) mu Uganda. spspruh2d58a7e4idpgnfd810r91tlp 14 15145 63587 2026-07-18T14:22:26Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63587 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bantu abazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Bududa. h7lgiaj5vu968trwl4odfxe1ql2zl1l 14 15146 63590 2026-07-18T14:24:52Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63590 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bantu abasomerako mu Yunivasite ya Uganda Martyrs e Nkozi. j9ot2bcgtegs8halatbf7nd8uh7mufn 14 15147 63591 2026-07-18T14:25:37Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63591 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bantu abaazalibwa mu mwaka gwa 1965. 437n69exg8ztqt0r3kx0vzwcu3tgwgo 14 15148 63597 2026-07-18T14:40:27Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63597 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bantu abazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Kumi mu Uganda. hxkasustvv9uma0duds8wj7m4rb77w6 14 15149 63601 2026-07-18T14:45:51Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63601 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bannabyabufuzi abali mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement mu Uganda. 483wr9xb82buu5qxqank3snmxc4kc2z 14 15150 63602 2026-07-18T14:47:20Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63602 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be babaka abaawereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumiebbiri. s27r90vd1d41p1eil43agdcldwxfitq 63603 63602 2026-07-18T14:48:08Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 63603 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be babaka abaawereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminebbiri. iyez48pf97fw085dxxrbkjvareyt9e6 14 15151 63625 2026-07-18T19:45:04Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekinyonyoko 63625 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be ba mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform (NUP) mu Uganda. 2igwbb0wmqe2ovwsycsy2r4cgl14h1q 0 15152 63642 2026-07-19T05:56:32Z Tamaledenisvalelian 10136 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362452908|Rogers Semitala]]" 63642 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rogers Semitala''' (yazaalibwa 31 Ogwomunaana 1996) muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu Uganda era azze avuganya mu bikonde eby'amateur n'eby'ekikugu . Yakiikirira [[Yuganda|Uganda]] mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth egya 2014 ne mu [[:en:2015_AIBA_World_Boxing_Championships|mpaka za AIBA World Boxing Championships 2015]], nga tannafuuka pulofeesono ng’alina likodi ya buwanguzi 10 okuva mu mipiira 10, nga kuliko n’okukubwa 9.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BoxRec: Login |url=https://boxrec.com/en/login?error=limit |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=boxrec.com}}</ref> == Omulimu gwa amateur == Semitala yakuba ebikonde mu kibiina kya '''COBAP Boxing Club''' mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Stymied Semitala returns to ponder on ‘key’ future |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/stymied-semitala-returns-to-ponder-on-key-future-2481796 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth eza 2014 ezaali mu [[Glasgow]], yavuganya mu buzito bwa flyweight (kkiro 52) kyokka n’aggyibwamu mu lulwana lwe olwaggulawo ne Bandara Rathnayake owa Sri Lanka ku nsala ey'abalamuzi bonna (3–0).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Stymied Semitala returns to ponder on ‘key’ future |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/stymied-semitala-returns-to-ponder-on-key-future-2481796 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2015, yakiikirira Uganda mu mpaka z’ebikonde eza 2015 AIBA World Boxing Championships ezaali e Doha, [[Qatar]], mu buzito bwa bantamweight (kkiro 56). Mu lulwana lwe olwassoka yawangulwa [[Bennet Segundo Padilla]] owa [[Ecuador]] ku nsala ey'abalamuzi bonna, ng'obubonero bwali 29-28, 30-27, 29-28.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecuador's Padilla Stops Semitala In Aiba World Championships : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/ecuadors-padilla-stops-semitala-in-aiba-world-championships |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Mu '''mpaka z'ebikonde eza AFBC African Confederation Championships eza 2015''' ezaali mu Casablanca, yatuuka ku semi fayinolo n'afuna omudaali gw'ekikomo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Stymied Semitala returns to ponder on ‘key’ future |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/stymied-semitala-returns-to-ponder-on-key-future-2481796 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/stymied-semitala-returns-to-ponder-on-key-future-2481796 "Stymied Semitala returns to ponder on 'key' future"]. ''Monitor''. 2020-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> Okugezaako kwe okufuna ekifo mu mizannyo gya Olympics egya 2016 kwakoma mu kusunsulamu okw'egwanga bwe yawalirizibwa okuwummula olw’obuvune ku mukono gwe ogwa ddyo mu lulwana lwe ne [[Atanus Mugerwa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyazze |first=Clive |date=2016-02-29 |title=Rogers Semitala’s Olympic dream ruined by knuckle injury |url=https://kawowo.com/2016/02/29/rogers-semitala-s-olympic-dream-ruined-by-knuckle-injury/ |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ekikugu == Semitala yasooka kuzannya ebikonde ebya pulofeesono nga 30 Ogwokuna 2016. Yagenda mu maaso n'atuuka ku likodi y'obutakubwa ya '''buwanguzi 10 (9 by KO)''' n'okukubwa '''0''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=• Rogers Semitala boxer • |url=https://boxerlist.com/en/boxer/rogers-semitala/528704 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=boxerlist.com}}</ref> Mu ntalo ze ezeeyoleka: * Yawangula [[Remmy Igga]] (2016, KO). * Yawangula [[Ssande Kiwale]] (2016, TKO). * Yawangula [[Bob Lee Nsubuga]] (2016, KO). * Yawangula [[Isaac Mugema]] (2017, KO). * Yawangula [[Alex Kaye]] (2017, KO). * Yawangudde Samuel Baluku (2017, TKO). * Yawangula [[Roel Lazaro Perez]] (2018, TKO). * Yawangula [[DeWayne Wisdom]] (2018, UD) nga bwe yawangudde. == Enwana ye == Semitala alwana ng'akozesa orthodox stance(okukulembeza omukono, n'ekigere ekya ddyo emabega), ng’alina erinnya ly’okukuba ebikonde by’amaanyi, nga kyeyolekera mu buwanguzi bwe obw'emirundi omweenda mu kumi mu gy’ekikugu. == Obulamu bwe == Ebweru w’ebikonde, Semitala abadde mu nzikiriza ey’Ekikristaayo . Mu 2020, mu kiseera nga talwaana, yalaga nti ayinza okukyusa essira n’adda ku mulimu gw’obuweereza bw'eddiini.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Stymied Semitala returns to ponder on ‘key’ future |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/stymied-semitala-returns-to-ponder-on-key-future-2481796 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/stymied-semitala-returns-to-ponder-on-key-future-2481796 "Stymied Semitala returns to ponder on 'key' future"]. ''Monitor''. 2020-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Likodi y’ebikonde ey’ekikugu == {{BoxingRecordSummary|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=9|ko-losses=|dec-wins=1|dec-losses=|dq-wins=|dq-losses=}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" !Alizaati ! Ebiterekero ! Omuvuganya ! Okuwandiika ! Round, obudde ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo |-|{{yes2}}Win | 10–0 | DeWayne Amagezi | UD | 6. 6. | 28 Apr 2018. Omwezi gw’okutaano |{{Flagicon|USA}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 9–0 | Roel Lazaro Perez, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | TKO | 4. 4. | 23 Feb 2018, omwaka guno |{{Flagicon|USA}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 8–0 | Samuel Baluku | TKO | 2. 2. | 2017 |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 7–0 | Alex Kaye | KO | 2. 2. | 2017 |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 6–0 | Isaac Mugema | KO | 3. 3. | 2017 |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 5–0 | Bob Lee Nsubuga | KO | 2. 2. | 2016 |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 4–0 | Ssande Kiwale | TKO | 1. 1. | 2016 |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 3–0 | Remmy Igga | KO | 1. 1. | 2016 |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 2–0 | Isaac Mutesi | KO | 2. 2. | 2016 |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |-|{{yes2}}Win | 1–0 | Jowali Kalenzi | KO | 1. 1. | 30 Apr 2016. Omwezi gw’okutaano |{{Flagicon|Uganda}} |} == Laba ne == * [[Isaac Zebra Jr|Isaac Zebra Omuto]] * Ntege Musa * [[John Sserunjogi]] * Yusuf Babu == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Boxing record for Rogers Semitala from BoxRec (registration required) [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] hmjrqzu5udzifu8rzvfarlz1fgrcsou 0 15153 63643 2026-07-19T06:19:09Z Tamaledenisvalelian 10136 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362906923|Yusuf Babu]]" 63643 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Yusuf Hasanali Babu Abdulsamad''' muzannyi wa bikonde mu Uganda eby'amateur ne by'ekikugu era nga yaliko kapiteeni wa ttiimu y'eggwanga eya ey'ebikonde. Avuganyizza mu buzito obuwerako omuli obuzito bwa wakati, obuzito obutono n'obuzito obunene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BoxRec: Babu Yusuf |url=https://boxrec.com/en/box-pro/915591 |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=boxrec.com |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gwa amateur == Babu yatendekebwa mu kiraabu y'ebikonde eya COBAP mu [[Kampala]] . Mu kiseera kye yali akyalwana nga si mubeezi (amateur), yali alaga obusobozi obw'enjawulo era n'akola bulungi buli lwe yavuganyanga mu biti by'obuzito eby'enjawulo. * Yawangula emidaali gya zaabu mu mpaka za Bingwa wa Mabingwa mu 2016 ne 2017.<ref name="NV">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=Former national boxing team captain Yusuf Babu turns pro |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/former-national-boxing-team-captain-yusuf-bab-141858 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=New Vision}}</ref> * Yakiikirira [[Uganda]] mu mpaka za African Boxing Championships eza 2017 e Brazzaville, n’akubwa Hosam Abdin owa Misiri ku lusegere lwa ‘quarter’.<ref name="NV" /> * Mu 2019, yawangula engule y’obuzito bwa National Open Boxing Championship, n’awangula [[Emma Kyambadde]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=Real Stars Sports Awards: Boxer Babu, Tooro United duo Bbosa and Mutakubwa win January 2019 gongs |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/02/25/real-stars-sports-awards-boxer-babu-tooro-united-duo-bbosa-and-mutakubwa-win-january-2019-gongs/ |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> * Mu mwezi ogusooka ogwa 2019, yalondebwa ng’omuzannyi w’ebikonde asinga ow'omwezi mu Real Stars Sports Awards.<ref>Kawowo Sports, 2019</ref> == Omulimu gw’ekikugu == Mu gwomwenda ogwa 2022, Babu yakola endagaano ya myaka ebiri ne 12 Sports Rounds Promotions okutongoza omulimu gwe ogw’ekikugu.<ref name="NV">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=Former national boxing team captain Yusuf Babu turns pro |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/former-national-boxing-team-captain-yusuf-bab-141858 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=New Vision}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/former-national-boxing-team-captain-yusuf-bab-141858 "Former national boxing team captain Yusuf Babu turns pro"]. </cite></ref> * '''Okusooka:''' Nga 15 October 2022 mu kisaawe kya MTN Arena, e Lugogo, yawangula omukadde [[Hudson Muhumuza]] mukusalibwawo kwabalamuzi bona.<ref name="NV">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=Former national boxing team captain Yusuf Babu turns pro |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/former-national-boxing-team-captain-yusuf-bab-141858 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=New Vision}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/former-national-boxing-team-captain-yusuf-bab-141858 "Former national boxing team captain Yusuf Babu turns pro"]. </cite></ref> * '''Olulwana olwokubiri:''' Oluvannyuma yakubye Alphonce "Mchumiatumbo" Masumbuko owa Tanzania ng'asalawo awatali kuwakanya, n'ayolesa obuzibizi ne sipiidi. <ref name="monitor.co.ug">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=How improved Babu staved off tough Masumbuko |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/how-improved-babu-staved-off-tough-masumbuko-4089200 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Likodi y’ebikonde ey’ekikugu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:75%" |+Mu bufunze ebiwandiiko by'ekikugu <ref name="monitor.co.ug">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=How improved Babu staved off tough Masumbuko |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/how-improved-babu-staved-off-tough-masumbuko-4089200 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=Daily Monitor}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/how-improved-babu-staved-off-tough-masumbuko-4089200 "How improved Babu staved off tough Masumbuko"]. </cite></ref> <ref name="NV">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=Former national boxing team captain Yusuf Babu turns pro |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/former-national-boxing-team-captain-yusuf-bab-141858 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=New Vision}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/former-national-boxing-team-captain-yusuf-bab-141858 "Former national boxing team captain Yusuf Babu turns pro"]. </cite></ref> ! Alizaati ! Ebiterekero ! Omuvuganya ! Okuwandiika ! Round, obudde ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo |- | Okusinga | 2–0 | [[Alphonce Masumbuko|Alphonce "Mchumiatumbo" Masumbuko]] | UD | 8. | 18 Dec 2022. Omwezi gw’okusatu | [[MTN Arena, Lugogo]], Kampala, Uganda |- | Okusinga | 1–0 | [[Hudson Muhumuza]] | UD | 6. 6. | 15 Oct 2022. Omwezi gw’okusatu | MTN Arena, Lugogo, Kampala, Uganda |} == Obulamu bwe == Omulimu gwa Babu gubaddemu okusoomoozebwa ebweru wa ringi. Asimattuse ebikolwa eby’effujjo omuli n’ebiwundu by’amasasi era ayogedde mu lujjudde ku biseera by’abadde asibiddwa ekyataataaganya enkulaakulana ye mu bikonde.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2022 |title=Babu back to punch the right opponents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/babu-back-to-punch-the-right-opponents-3985996 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> [[Lawrence Kalyango]] (Coach Lora) atuuse okuba omutendesi we, akoze kinene mu kuddamu okuzimba ffoomu n’empisa ze. == Enwana ye == Babu amanyiddwa nnyo olw’okugatta sipiidi n’amaanyi mu buzito obunene, wamu n’okulongoosa obusobozi bw’okuzibira mu ntalo ze ez’ekikugu. Kino kimufudde ow'ettutumu mu bikonde mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2022 |title=Babu's real revival will be judged after fight |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/babu-s-real-revival-will-be-judged-after-fight-3979760 |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Ntege Musa * [[Ekibiina Ekifuga Omuzannyo Gw'ebikonde mu Uganda|Ekibiina ekifuga ebikonde mu Uganda]] * [[Shadir Musa Bwogi]] * [[Isaac Zebra Jr|Isaac Zebra Omuto]] == Ebujiliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Boxing record for Yusuf Hasanali Babu Abdulsamad from BoxRec (registration required) [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 8rs7ib73btb47c13go8f16xo4ty9klh 0 15154 63644 2026-07-19T06:39:09Z Tamaledenisvalelian 10136 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362442846|Ntege Musa]]" 63644 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Musa Ntege''' muzannyi wa bikonde mu Uganda omukugu era avuganya mu buzito bwa cruiserweight . Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’okuwangula n’okulwanirira engule ya East & Central Africa Cruiserweight Title. == Obulamu obuto == Ntege ava Nansana, [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]] mu Uganda, era ng’agatta ebikonde n’emirimu egy’ebweru w’omuzannyo guno omuli n’okukola mu lufula. == Omulimu gw’ekikugu == === Okusooka n'okusituka === Ntege yasooka okuzannya ebikonde bya pulofeesono mu 2015. Mu 2019 yali amaze okwejjayo ng’omuvuganya ow’amaanyi mu kitundu kino, ng'awangula engule ya East & Central Africa Cruiserweight oluvannyuma lw’okumegga [[Paul Kamatha]] ow’e Tanzania mu Dar es Salaam. === Okulwanirira engule === Yalwanirira engule ng’avuganya ne [[Imani Kawaya]] ow’e Tanzania mu 2022, n’oluvannyuma n’avuganya ne [[Shaban Hamadi Jongo]] nga 4 Ogwokumi n'ogumu 2022, n’amuwangula ku ‘technical knockout’ mu lawundi ey’omukaaga.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ntege dares African title after big win in Dar|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/ntege-dares-african-title-after-big-win-in-dar-4013708|work=Daily Monitor|date=7 November 2022}}</ref> === Enwana mu ssemazinga === Mu gw'Okusatu ogwa 2023, Ntege yalwana n’eyali nnantameggwa w’obuzito bwa IBO super middleweight [[Thomas Oosthuizen]] mu [[South Africa|South Afrika]] ku ngule ya African Boxing Union Cruiserweight Title eyali nga telina nanyini, kyokka n’akubwa mu lawundi esooka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2023 |title=Oosthuizen wins in the first round |url=https://supersport.com/boxing/general/news/d23a900c-01af-485e-95de-c228cb307f18/oosthuizen-wins-in-the-first-round |website=SuperSport}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y’omwaka ogwo, yattunka n’omukubi w’ebikonde [[Mohammed Bekdash]] Omu Syria-Germany mu kibuga Abu Dhabi kyokka n’akubwa oluvannyuma lw’essaawa 1:38 eza lawundi esooka. Oluvannyuma Ntege yawakanya ebyogerwa nti olutalo luno lwali "lutundibwa".<ref>{{cite news|title=Regional champion Ntege denies selling fight in Abu Dhabi|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/regional-champion-ntege-denies-selling-fight-in-abu-dhabi-4372202|work=Daily Monitor|date=16 September 2023}}</ref> == Likodi mu bikonde eby’ekikugu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |+Professional record summary<ref>{{Cite web |title=BoxRec: Login |url=https://boxrec.com/en/login?error=limit |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=boxrec.com}}</ref> !Result !Record !Opponent !Type !Rd., Time !Date !Location !Notes |- |Loss |9–7 |Tamba Merlin |TKO |1 (~0:55) |Feb 2025 |Dubai,  United Arab Emirates |Non-title bout |- |Loss |9–6 |Abdul Njego |— |2 |Jun 2024 |[[Kampala]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Non-title bout |- |Win |9–5 |Sharifu Ngobi |TKO |1 |28 Oct 2023 |Kasana, {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Non-title bout |- |Loss |8–5 |Mohammed Bekdash |TKO |1 (1:38) |15 Sep 2023 |Abu Dhabi,  United Arab Emirates |Non-title bout |- |Loss |8–4 |Solomon Adebayo |UD |8 |27 May 2023 |Lagos, {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} |Non-title bout |- |Loss |8–3 |Thomas Oosthuizen |TKO |1 (~1:03) |5 Mar 2023 |Hammanskraal, {{Flagicon|South Africa}} |For vacant ABU Cruiserweight title |- |Win |8–2 |Shaban Hamadi Jongo |TKO |6 (10) |4 Nov 2022 |Dar es Salaam,  Tanzania |Defended East & Central Africa Cruiserweight title |- |Win |7–2 |Imani Daudi Kawaya |KO |6 |Apr 2022 |[[Bombo, Yuganda|Bombo]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Defended East & Central Africa Cruiserweight title |- |Win |6–2 |Ignatius Onyango |PTS |— |Nov 2021 |[[Kampala]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Non-title bout |- |Win |5–2 |Musa Kazungu |TKO |— |Dec 2018 |[[Kampala]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Non-title bout |- |Win |4–2 |Saul Ivan Male |KO |— |May 2017 |[[Kampala]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Non-title bout |- |Loss |3–2 |Dig Vijay Singh |UD |— |Oct 2016 |Kotkhai, {{Flagicon|India}} |Non-title bout |- |Win |3–1 |Robert Ochung |TKO |— |Apr 2016 |[[Kampala]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Non-title bout |- |Win |2–1 |Joseph Sentongo |PTS |— |Jan 2016 |[[Kampala]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Non-title bout |- |Loss |1–1 |Bernard Adie |— |— |Nov 2015 |Nairobi, {{Flagicon|Kenya}} |Non-title bout |- |Win |1–0 |Ayub Wakisadha |KO |— |14 Jun 2015 |[[Kampala]], {{Flagicon|Uganda}} |Professional debut |} == Engule == * Engule y’obuzito bwa Cruiserweight mu buvanjuba n’amasekkati ga Afrika (2019–2022) <ref>{{cite news|title=Ntege dares African title after big win in Dar|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/ntege-dares-african-title-after-big-win-in-dar-4013708|work=Daily Monitor|date=7 November 2022}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Ntege alwana wansi wa Nara Promotionz era ayogedde mu lwatu ku kusoomoozebwa okuli mu kuyimirizaawo omuzanyo gw’ebikonde mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boxer Ntege vows to conquer Africa|url=https://chimpreports.com/boxer-ntege-vows-to-conquer-africa/|work=ChimpReports|date=15 November 2022}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Isaac Zebra Jr|Isaac Zebra Omuto]] * [[Ekibiina Ekifuga Omuzannyo Gw'ebikonde mu Uganda|Ekibiina ekifuga ebikonde mu Uganda]] * [[Yusuf Babu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Boxing record for Musa Ntege from BoxRec (registration required) [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 8dti7se7ezyl2v9qgf3ydtdjng7ne33 0 15155 63645 2026-07-19T07:44:15Z Tamaledenisvalelian 10136 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362935926|Muzamir Semuddu]]" 63645 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Muzamir Semuddu''' (yazaalibwa 23 April 2003) muzannyi wa bikonde Omunnayuganda era avuganyiza ku mutendera gw'eggwanga n'ensi yonna. Yali kapiteeni wa ttiimu y’eggwanga eya Uganda ey’ebikonde mu mizannyo gya Afrika egy’omulundi ogwa 13 e Accra, Ghana, gye yatuuka ku semi n’awangula omudaali gw’ekikomo . == Obulamu obuto n’emirimu gy’awaka == Semuddu yazaalibwa mu [[Uganda]] nga 23 Ogwokuna 2003.<ref name="BoxRec">{{Cite web |title=Muzamir Semuddu |url=https://boxrec.com/en/box-am/1191291 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=BoxRec}}</ref> Avuganyiza mu mpaka z'awaka omuli Uganda Boxing Champions League ne mu Kololo Boxing Club, gye yazannyira ebikonde n'empaka z'eggwanga ez'enjawulo.<ref name="Observer2023">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=6 January 2023 |title=Boxing: Semuddu upbeat after loss |url=https://observer.ug/sports/boxing-semuddu-upbeat-after-loss/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=The Observer (Uganda)}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ensi yonna == Mu mpaka z'Afrika egy’omulundi ogwa 13 (Accra, March 2024) Semuddu yavuganya mu buzito bwa light-middleweight (kilo 71). Mu mutendera gwa Round of 16, yawangula [[Holonou Akoussan]] owa Togo n’oluvannyuma n’awangula [[Henry Malm]] owa Ghana n’agenda ku semi; okuzannya kwe ku semi kwafunira Uganda omudaali gw’ekikomo.<ref name="Kawowo">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 March 2024 |title=Boxers Murungi, Semuddu enter medal bracket |url=https://kawowo.com/2024/03/19/boxers-murungi-semuddu-enter-medal-bracket-13th-african-games/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref><ref name="NCS">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 March 2024 |title=TEAM UGANDA COMPLETES SUCCESSFUL OUTING AT 13TH AFRICAN GAMES |url=https://mail.ncs.go.ug/media/mar2024/team-uganda-completes-successful-outing-2023-african-games-accra |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=National Coordination Secretariat (Uganda)}}</ref> Semuddu yalondeddwa okubeera kapiteeni wa Uganda Bombers mu mpaka zino, obuvunaanyizibwa obwategeezebwa mu mawulire agaaliwo nga empaka tezinnatandika.<ref name="Chimp">{{Cite web |last=Kigozi |first=Abdusalam |date=8 March 2024 |title=2023 Africa Games: Semuddu Takes Over Bombers' captaincy role |url=https://chimpreports.com/2023-africa-games-semuddu-takes-over-bombers-captaincy-role/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ekikugu == Semuddu abadde yetaba ne mu mpaka za pulofeesono. Databases ziwandiika okulabika kw’abakugu mu 2023–2024, nga ebiwandiiko biri ku BoxRec ne Tapology.<ref name="Tapology">{{Cite web |title=Muzamir Semuddu |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/432811-muzamir-semuddu |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Tapology}}</ref><ref name="BoxRec">{{Cite web |title=Muzamir Semuddu |url=https://boxrec.com/en/box-am/1191291 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=BoxRec}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://boxrec.com/en/box-am/1191291 "Muzamir Semuddu"]. ''BoxRec''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Enwana ye == Amawulire ku mpaka z'omu ggwanga galaga nti Semuddu alina enkola ey'obukambwe mu kulwana era nga asobola okumaliriza entalo nga tezinnaggwa mu biseera byazo ebitegekeddwa ku ddaala ly'eggwanga. Obusobozi buno bwamusobozesa okulondebwa nga kapiteeni wa Uganda Bombers mu Mpaka z'Afirika.<ref name="Monitor">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 March 2024 |title=Can Semuddu go for East African gold? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/can-semuddu-go-for-east-african-gold--4563948 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Likodi mu bikonde eby’ekikugu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Nedda. ! Alizaati ! Ebiterekero ! Omuvuganya ! Okuwandiika ! Round, obudde ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo |- | 2. 2. | Okufirwa | 1–1 | Quincey Williams, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | TKO | 1. 1. | 24 Omwezi gwomunaana 2024 | Philadelphia, Amerika <ref name="Tapology">{{Cite web |title=Muzamir Semuddu |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/432811-muzamir-semuddu |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Tapology}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/432811-muzamir-semuddu "Muzamir Semuddu"]. ''Tapology''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> |- | 1. 1. | Okusinga | 1–0 | Herbert Mugarura | TKO | 3. 3. | 1 May 2024 mu mwaka gwa 2024 | Kampala, Uganda <ref name="Tapology" /> |} == Ebitiibwa == * Omudaali gw’ekikomo: Emizannyo gya Afrika egy’omulundi ogwa 13 (Accra, 2024) Obuzito obutono n’obuzito bwa wakati (kkiro 71).<ref name="Kawowo">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 March 2024 |title=Boxers Murungi, Semuddu enter medal bracket |url=https://kawowo.com/2024/03/19/boxers-murungi-semuddu-enter-medal-bracket-13th-african-games/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Kawowo Sports}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://kawowo.com/2024/03/19/boxers-murungi-semuddu-enter-medal-bracket-13th-african-games/ "Boxers Murungi, Semuddu enter medal bracket"]. ''Kawowo Sports''. 19 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Laba ne == * [[Isaac Zebra Jr]] * [[Ekibiina Ekifuga Omuzannyo Gw'ebikonde mu Uganda|Ekibiina ekifuga ebikonde mu Uganda]] * [[Wasswa Amir Ssali]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Boxing record for Muzamir Semuddu from BoxRec (registration required) [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] cy3yqtiavi03zi69d46vs8j2xnp0am0 0 15156 63646 2026-07-19T09:00:52Z Tamaledenisvalelian 10136 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360687047|David Onama]]" 63646 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''David Aliga Onama'''<ref name="Tapology">{{Cite web |title=David Onama ("Silent Assassin") {{!}} MMA Fighter Page {{!}} Tapology |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/104455-david-onama#:~:text=Given%20Name%3A%20David%20Aliga%20Onama,of%20Birth%3A%201994%20Jun%2007 |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.tapology.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/104455-david-onama#:~:text=Given%20Name%3A%20David%20Aliga%20Onama,of%20Birth%3A%201994%20Jun%2007 "David Onama ("Silent Assassin") | MMA Fighter Page | Tapology"]. ''www.tapology.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-07-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> (yazaalibwa 7 Ogwomukaaga 1994) mulwanyi wa Uganda ow'ekikugu, mu kiseera kino avuganya mu Featherweight mu mpaka za Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stats {{!}} UFC |url=http://ufcstats.com/fighter-details/ffe9703408fb5964 |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=ufcstats.com}}</ref> == Obulamu obuto == Onama yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomukaaga 1994 mu [[Ensenga yababundabunda Kyangwali|kifo ky'ababundabunda e Kyangwali]] mu [[Uganda]] . Oluvannyuma famire ye yasengukira mu [[America|Amerika]], era kati alwanira mu Kansas City, Missouri, gye yatendekerwa mu FactoryX Muay Thai.<ref name="Tapology">{{Cite web |title=David Onama ("Silent Assassin") {{!}} MMA Fighter Page {{!}} Tapology |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/104455-david-onama#:~:text=Given%20Name%3A%20David%20Aliga%20Onama,of%20Birth%3A%201994%20Jun%2007 |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.tapology.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=David Onama (Featherweight) MMA Profile - ESPN (IN) |url=https://www.espn.in/mma/fighter/_/id/4897850/david-onama |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’okulwana == === Omulimu gwe yasooka okukola === Nga muzannyi wa amateur, Onama yakung’aanyizza likodi ya 10-0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Onama ("Silent Assassin") {{!}} MMA Fighter Page {{!}} Tapology |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/104455-david-onama |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.tapology.com}}</ref> Nga tannakola ndagaano na UFC, Onama yalina likodi ey’obutakubwa ya 8-0. === Ultimate Fighting Championship === Onama yatandika okulwana mu Ultimate Fighting Championship ng'alwana ne Mason Jones mu UFC Fight Night 196 oluvanyuma lwokuyitibwa okwamangu okudda mu kifo kya Alan Patrick eyali avudde mu lutaro olwo. Mu lulwana luno yaluwangulwa ku nsala y'abalamuzi bonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bitter |first=Shawn |title=UFC Vegas 41 Results: Mason Jones Claims Victory in Grueling Fight with David Onama |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2021/10/23/ufc-vegas-41-results-david-onama-vs-mason-jones/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Onama yattunka ne Gabriel Benitez nga 19 Ogwokubiri 2022 mu mpaka za UFC Fight Night 201 oluvanyuma lw'okuyitibwa mu nnaku 18 zokka nga tannalwana. Olulwana luno yaluwangula ng’ayita mu knockout ya lawundi esooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |title=UFC Vegas 48: David Onama Launches Violent Barrage of Strikes, Finishes Gabriel Benitez |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/02/19/ufc-vegas-48-gabriel-benitez-vs-david-onama/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwamufunira engule ya Performance of the Night.<ref name="PerformanceBonus1">{{Cite web |last=Chris Taylor |date=2022-02-19 |title=UFC Vegas 48 Bonus Report: Kyle Daukaus among four 'POTN' winners |url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/ufc-vegas-48-bonus-report-kyle-daukaus-among-four-potn-winners/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=bjpenn.com}}</ref> Onama yalina okuttunka ne Austin Lingo nga July 9, 2022 mu UFC ku ESPN 39,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay Anderson |date=2022-05-13 |title=David Onama vs. Austin Lingo set for July 9 UFC event |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/05/13/david-onama-vs-austin-lingo-set-july-9-ufc-event/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> kyokka Lingo yavaayo olw'ensonga ezitannamanyiika mu wiiki y'olulwana n'asikizibwa Garrett Armfield.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nolan King |date=2022-07-04 |title=David Onama awaits new UFC Fight Night 208 opponent after Austin Lingo withdraws |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/07/ufc-fight-night-208-vegas-david-onama-vs-austin-lingo-withdraws |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay Anderson |date=2022-07-06 |title=UFC Vegas 58 undergoes some last minute changes |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/07/06/ufc-vegas-58-undergoes-last-minute-changes/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Yawangula ng’ayita mu ‘arm triangle’ mu lawundi eyookubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC Vegas 58: David Onama Submits Old Foe Garrett Armfield |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/07/09/ufc-vegas-58-david-onama-finishes-armfield-via-submission-round-2/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Onama yalwana ne Nate Landwehr nga August 13, 2022 mu mpaka za UFC ku ESPN 41. Yakubwa mu lulwana luno olw’abasinga obungi okusalawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dewar |first=Val |title=Nate Landwehr, David Onama Tear the House Down at UFC San Diego |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/08/13/ufc-san-diego-nate-landwehr-vs-david-onama/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Olulwana luno lwamufunira engule ya Fight of the Night.<ref name="FightBonus1">{{Cite web |last=Alexander K. Lee |date=2022-08-13 |title=UFC San Diego bonuses: Nate Landwehr, David Onama earn ‘Fight of the Night’ for unbelievable battle |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/8/13/23304780/ufc-san-diego-bonuses-nate-landwehr-david-onama-earn-fight-of-the-night-for-unbelievable-battle |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}</ref> Onama yalina okulwana ne Jarno Errens nga 14 ogwokusooka 2023 mu mpaka za UFC Fight Night 217, kyokka olulwana luno lwaggyibwawo olw’obuvune ku kibegabega kya Errens. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC VEGAS 67 {{!}} JARNO ERRENS NIET IN ACTIE OP 14 JANUARI VANWEGE EEN SCHOUDERBLESSURE |url=https://www.eurosport.nl/mixed-martial-arts/ufc/2022/ufc-vegas-67-jarno-errens-niet-in-actie-op-14-januari-vanwege-een-schouderblessure_sto9260857/story.shtml |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.eurosport.com |language=Dutch}}</ref> Onama yalina okuttunka ne Khusein Askhabov nga 3 ogwomukaaga, 2023 mu mpaka za UFC ku ESPN 46, kyokka Askhabov n’avaamu oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa mu Thailand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC scraps Khusein Askhabov vs. Daniel Pineda after Askhabov’s arrest in Thailand - Yahoo Sports |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/ufc-scraps-khusein-askhabov-vs-010549907.html |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=sports.yahoo.com}}</ref> Onama yattunka ne Gabriel Santos nga 24 ogwomukaaga, 2023 mu mpaka za UFC ku ABC 5 . Yawangula olulwana luno ng’ayita mu uppercut KO mu lawundi 2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doherty |first=Dan |title=UFC Jacksonville: David Onama Defeats Gabriel Santos by Uppercut KO |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/06/24/ufc-jacksonville-david-onama-vs-gabriel-santos/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Obuwanguzi buno bwamufunira engule ya Performance of the Night.<ref name="PerformanceBonus2">{{Cite web |last=Matt Erickson |date=2023-06-24 |title=UFC on ABC 5 bonuses: Ilia Topuria’s 50-42 scorecard helps net extra $50,000 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-abc-5-jacksonvillle-bonuses-ilia-topuria-maycee-barber-josh-emmett-david-onama-submission-knockout-50000 |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> Onama yalina okuttunka ne Lucas Alexander nga 4 ogwokuminogumu, 2023 mu mpaka za UFC Fight Night 231, wabula yavaamu olw’obuvune obutamanyibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Guilherme |title=Injury knocks David Onama, Lucas Alexander off UFC Sao Paulo - MMA Fighting |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2023/10/31/23940865/injury-david-onama-lucas-alexander-off-ufc-sao-paulo |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.mmafighting.com}}</ref> Onama yattunka ne Jonathan Pearce nga April 27, 2024 mu mpaka za UFC ku ESPN 55. Olulwana luno yaluwangula ng’ayita mu kusalawo okw’awamu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |title=UFC Vegas 91: Despite Weight Miss, David Onama Too Quick, High-Paced for Jonathan Pearce |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2024/04/27/ufc-vegas-91-despite-weight-miss-david-onama-too-quick-high-paced-for-jonathan-pearce/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Onama yattunka ne Roberto Romero nga 16 ogwokuminogumu, 2024 mu mpaka za UFC 309 . Olulwana luno yaluwangula ng’ayita mu kusalawo okw’awamu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bitter |first=Shawn |title=UFC 309: David Onama Claims Win In Entertaining Tilt with Roberto Romero |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2024/11/16/ufc-309-david-onama-earns-decision-in-entertaining-tilt-with-newcomer-roberto-romero/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Onama yattunka ne Giga Chikadze nga 26 Ogwokuna, 2025 mu mpaka za UFC ku ESPN 66 . Olulwana luno yaluwangula ng’ayita mu kusalawo okw’awamu era n’afuna ensengeka mu bifo 15 ebisooka mu za featherweight.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |title=UFC Kansas City: David Onama Scores Biggest Career Win, Bests Giga Chikadze |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/04/26/ufc-kansas-city-david-onama-scores-biggest-career-win-bests-giga-chikadze/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Onama yattunka ne Steve Garcia mu mpaka enkulu nga 1 ogwokuminogumu, 2025, mu mpaka za UFC Fight Night 263.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander K. Lee |date=2025-09-20 |title=Featherweight main event targeted for UFC Vegas 110 |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/ufc/404862/featherweight-main-event-targeted-for-ufc-vegas-110 |access-date=2025-09-20 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}</ref> Yafuna okufiirwa kwe okwasooka nga akubwa mu by’ekikugu mu lawundi esooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eddie Law |date=2025-11-01 |title=Steve Garcia Makes Top Contender Statement, Finishes David Onama |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/11/01/steve-garcia-makes-top-contender-statement-finishes-david-onama/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |publisher=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mu mboozi ey'akafubo eya octagon oluvannyuma lw'okuwangula mu mpaka za UFC 309, Onama yayogera ku muyimbi wa country Zach Bryan. Oluvannyuma kyategeezebwa nti yakola ekyo kubanga abakulembera emirimu gya Zach Bryan baali basuubizza Onama n'ekibinja kye tiketi ez'obwereere singa yamulangirira mu lwatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC's David Onama dragged into Zach Bryan-Brianna Chickenfry mess |url=https://nypost.com/2024/11/20/sports/ufcs-david-onama-dragged-into-zach-bryan-brianna-chickenfry-mess/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121004957/https://nypost.com/2024/11/20/sports/ufcs-david-onama-dragged-into-zach-bryan-brianna-chickenfry-mess/ |archive-date=2024-11-21 |access-date=2025-07-13}}</ref> == Championships n'ebituukiddwaako == === Emizannyo gy’okulwana egy’enjawulo === * '''Empaka z'okulwana ez'enkomerero''' ** Omutindo gw'ekiro (emirundi ebiri) nga battunka ne Gabriel Benitez ne Gabriel Santos<ref name="PerformanceBonus1">{{Cite web |last=Chris Taylor |date=2022-02-19 |title=UFC Vegas 48 Bonus Report: Kyle Daukaus among four 'POTN' winners |url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/ufc-vegas-48-bonus-report-kyle-daukaus-among-four-potn-winners/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=bjpenn.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChris_Taylor2022">Chris Taylor (2022-02-19). [https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/ufc-vegas-48-bonus-report-kyle-daukaus-among-four-potn-winners/ "UFC Vegas 48 Bonus Report: Kyle Daukaus among four 'POTN' winners"]. bjpenn.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-07-13</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="PerformanceBonus2">{{Cite web |last=Matt Erickson |date=2023-06-24 |title=UFC on ABC 5 bonuses: Ilia Topuria’s 50-42 scorecard helps net extra $50,000 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-abc-5-jacksonvillle-bonuses-ilia-topuria-maycee-barber-josh-emmett-david-onama-submission-knockout-50000 |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMatt_Erickson2023">Matt Erickson (2023-06-24). [https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-abc-5-jacksonvillle-bonuses-ilia-topuria-maycee-barber-josh-emmett-david-onama-submission-knockout-50000 "UFC on ABC 5 bonuses: Ilia Topuria's 50-42 scorecard helps net extra $50,000"]. mmajunkie.usatoday.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-07-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> ** Olutalo lw'ekiro ne Nate Landwehr<ref name="FightBonus1">{{Cite web |last=Alexander K. Lee |date=2022-08-13 |title=UFC San Diego bonuses: Nate Landwehr, David Onama earn ‘Fight of the Night’ for unbelievable battle |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/8/13/23304780/ufc-san-diego-bonuses-nate-landwehr-david-onama-earn-fight-of-the-night-for-unbelievable-battle |access-date=2025-07-13 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlexander_K._Lee2022">Alexander K. Lee (2022-08-13). [https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/8/13/23304780/ufc-san-diego-bonuses-nate-landwehr-david-onama-earn-fight-of-the-night-for-unbelievable-battle "UFC San Diego bonuses: Nate Landwehr, David Onama earn 'Fight of the Night' for unbelievable battle"]. mmafighting.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-07-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> * '''Empaka z'omukago gw'okulwana''' ** Empaka za FAC ez'obuzito obutono (Omulundi gumu) {{MMArecordbox|draws=|ko-wins=7|ko-losses=1|sub-wins=4|sub-losses=|dec-wins=3|dec-losses=2|nc=}}  == Laba ne == * Olukalala lw'abazannyi ba UFC mu kiseera kino * Olukalala lw'abasajja aba mixed martial artists == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Professional MMA record for David Onama from Sherdog * David Onama at UFC [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6ncxswjnazv5guktq2ysihld3dejgr9